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新闻英语的标题简短小词
英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容,为此,在措词上尤其要狠下功夫,选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了,偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性,而且还能节省版面篇幅。如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词,标题一般不用damage,而用一些较之简短的词,如hit,harm,hurt, ruin或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词,标题一般不用 abandon,而用drop, give up,quit,skip或yield 等;表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时,一般不用 explode,而用blast,crash, ram或smash等词。简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。
一些常见诸报端的标题小词:
aid =assist (帮助;援助)
alter =change, modify, vary, amend修正/改进
ask =inquire, request, solicit 恳求, invite
assail=denounce 谴责, attack
axe =dismiss, reduce解雇/减少
back =support
balk =impede 阻碍
ban =prohibit , forbid, veto否决/禁止, outlaw禁止, 宣布为非法
bar =prevent, prohibit, restrain(防止;阻止)
bare =expose, reveal, disclose, display (暴露;揭露)
blast =explode (爆炸)
begin=commence (开始)
bid =attempt, try(努力)
bilk =cheat (欺骗)
bolt闩=desert, abandon (放弃)
boost=increase, improve, enhance, advance(增加;提高)
check=examine, inspect, assess(检查)
claim= cause the death of…夺去…的生命
clash=fight, conflict, quarrel, collide, disagree strongly (发生分歧;争议)
curb抑制=control, restrict, limit (控制)
dip下降=drop, descend, decline, decrease
ease =relieve, alleviate, reduce, lessen 减轻/缓和
end =stop, close, halt, terminate 结束/中止
flay =criticize(批评), condemn谴责
flout =insult(侮辱), despise轻视, ignore
foil =prevent from, frustrate挫败/阻挠, halt
grill烤问 = investigate (调查)
gut 摧毁(房屋等的)内部装置=destroy
head =direct率领
hold =arrest (逮捕)
laud =praise (赞扬)
lop=diminish下降, 减少
map =work out 制订
mark=celebrate (庆祝)
name=appoint/nominate命名/提名
moot=discuss (讨论)
mull =consider (考虑)
nab =arrest (逮捕)
nip =defeat (击败)
nix deny/disapprove 否决/拒绝
opt =choose (选择)
oust =expel 驱逐
peril =endanger (危害;危及)
rout =defeat completely击溃
plot =conspire 预谋,密谋
plunge=plummet (价格等)暴跌
poise=ready for action 作好准备
pledge=promise, determine 发誓
probe=investigate (调查)
raid =attack
rap =criticize (批评)
rebuke=criticize (进攻)
rout=defeat completely(击溃;打垮)
slay =murder (谋杀)
soar =skyrocket 急剧上升
spur =encourage 激励,鞭策
swap=exchange (交流;交换)
sway=influence (影响)
trim =reduce (削减)
vie =compete (竞争)
vow =determine (决心;发誓)
weigh=consider (考虑)
wed =marry
woo =seek to win争取,追求
标题除偏爱使用短小动词外,还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。如accord与agreement, aide与assistant,aim与purpose,rally与amass assembly,drive与campaign,talk与negotiation 等。例如:
quake death toll may top 2000(=the death toll in the earthquake may exceed 2000)地震死亡人数估计已逾两干
New Groups Boost Hi―Tech Research(=New Groups Promote High Technology Research)新兴集团推动高新技术研究
简短名词在英语新闻标题乃至消息报道中屡见不鲜,俯拾即是。平时阅读时不妨多加留意,这对于提高英语水平,尤其是熟悉英语同义名词,无疑是大有裨益的。
• accord=agreement aim=purpose
• arms-weapons ace=champion得胜者
• aid=assistance aide=assistant
• aim=purpose bid-attempt
• blast=explosion clash=controversy 争论
• body=committee/commission委员会 crash=collision碰撞/坠毁
• deal=agreement/transaction/business Dems=democrats民主党党员
• envoy=ambassador大使 fake=counterfeit赝品;骗局
• fete=celebration 庆祝 foe=opponent/enemy
• feud=strong dispute严重分歧 flop=failure 失败
• freeze=stabilization (物价/工资等)冻结;平抑
• glut=oversupply 供过于求
• GOP=Grand Old Party (美国)共和党
• nod=approval 许可, 批准
• pact=agreement/treaty 条约
• poll=election/public opinion poll 投票选举/民意测验
• probe=investigation pullout=withdrawal撤退;撤离
• rally=assembly rift=separation隔离;分离
• row争吵/骚乱=quarrel/argument
• set=ready准备
• snag=unexpected difficulty 意外障碍/困难
• stance姿态=attitude态度 step=progress进程;进步
• strife=conflict冲突;矛盾 talk=negotiation
• ties=(diplomatic) relations (外交)关系
帮助/援助
aid
abet
assist
serve
relieve
改变
alter
vary
amend
change
modify
询问
ask
inquire
request
solicit
invite
谴责
assail
denounce
attack
assault
解雇/减少
axe
dismiss
reduce
阻碍
balk
impede
baulk
flinch
recoil
禁止
ban
prohibit
forbid
veto
outlaw
防止/阻止
bar
prevent
exclude
prohibit
restrain
暴露/揭露
bare
expose
reveal
disclose
display
开始
begin
commence
instigate
initiate
inaugurate
努力
bid
try
effort
attempt
undertaking
增加/提高
boost
increase
improve
enhance
advance
检查
check
examine
inspect
assess
trial
夺取生命
claim
take
发生分歧
clash
fight
conflict
quarrel
collide
控制
curb
restrain
control
limit
curtail
下降
dip
drop
descend
decline
decrease
减轻/缓和
ease
relieve
alleviate
reduce
lessen
结束/中止
end
stop
close
halt
terminate
批评
flay
criticize
censure
slate
condemn
藐视
flout
despise
ignore
disobey
contravene
挫败/打破
foil
frustrate
thwart
halt
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