计算机专业英语期末考复习资料.doc

考试范围：Unit 1， Unit2, Unit3.3,3.4,3.5, Unit 4.1, 课后练习，以及翻译练习
一， 单选15题（30%）
范围：
1.ENIAC were called ____A__,and typically cost more than a million dollars
A. mainframes B. PC C. minicomputer D. Microcomputer

2.Computers are _____D___devices that can follow ________ to accept input, process that input, and procedure information.
A. electric, words B. electrical, instructures
C. electronic, words D. electronic instructions

3.___D__ printer uses heat element to produce images on heat-sensitive paper.
A. Dot-Matrix B.Ink-Jet
C. Laser D.Thermal

4.____A__ directs the movement of electronic signals between memory and the ALU.
A. Control unit B.CPU
C. Motherboard D.Memory

5._____B__ is short for characters per second.
A. MIPS（每秒钟百万条指令） B.CPS（中央处理系统）
C. CPU D.OS

6._____A___ operating system is the most widely used operating system.
A. Windows B.Unix
C. Linux D.Mac

7.DOS means_____C___.
A. 光盘操作系统 B. 软盘操作系统
C．磁盘操作系统 D. 硬盘操作系统

8.Software Crisis means_____D___.
A. 软件开发 B. 软件需求
C．硬件危机 D. 软件危机

9.下面哪个单词的含义是“封装” ____B____.
A. inheritance (继承) B. encapsulation
C. polymorphism （多态性） D. prototype （原型;样机;样品）

10.____B___is just a particular type of computer system.
A. Browser B.Java
C. Platform D.Virtual machine （虚拟机）

11. B is used to communicate with another computer over telephone lines.
A. keyboard B. modem C. mouse D. printer

12. C is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds.
A. network card B. video card C. sound card D. monitor

13. A is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents.
A. Word 2003 B. Outlook 2003 C. Access 2003 D. Excel 2003

14. B is the latest（最新） desktop version of the Windows operating system from Microsoft.
A. Windows NT B. Windows 7 C. Windows Vista D. Windows XP

15.Which one is not a computer languages? A
A. Powerpoint B. PASCAL C. Java D. C++

16.The heart of a computer system is _ A___
A.CPU B. hard disk C. memory D. main board

17.A virus（病毒） is a A .
A. program B. computer C. bad man D. beast

18.The basic hardware（基本硬件） components of a personal computer consist of the D .
A. keyboard and mouse B. storage devices（存储设备） and display
C. CPU D. all of above

19.The central processing unit (CPU) has two parts: A .
A. control unit（控制单元） and ALU（算术逻辑单元） B. ALU and register
C. register（注册） and control unit D. ALU and memory

20.The more popular operating system is B operating system.
A. MS DOS B. Windows C. UNIX D. Linux

21.The desirable features（特点） of the software produced by object-oriented designs（面向对象设计） are the following aspects expect D .
A. minimal coupling(最小的耦合) B. functional cohesion(函数内聚)
C. information hiding(信息隐藏) D. hierarchical date base(层次数据库)

22.Which one of the following descriptions（描述） is not true about software crisis? C
A. Software is hard to estimate and scheduled.（软件难以评估和使用）
B. Software becomes increasingly expensive.（软件变得越来越昂贵）
C. Software is almost impossible to identify.（软件是几乎不可能确定）
D. Software is almost impossible to manage. （软件是几乎是不可能的管理）

23.In computer science, AI is the abbreviation（简称） of the B .
A. Adequate Intake B. Artificial Intelligence（人工智能）
C. Analogy Input D. Appreciative Inquiry

24 C are the only languages understood by computers.
A. High-level languages B. Assembly languages（汇编语言）
C. Machine languages（机器语言） D. Object-oriented programming languages

25.The biggest in size, the most expensive in price than any other is classified（分类） and known as A .
A. Super Computers B. Mainframes
C. Minicomputers D.Portable Computers

二， 判断10题（10%）
范围：以课后练习为主

三， 阅读理解 4篇20题（40%）
P16 4,5,6段 P37 倒1 P57 倒数2段（java） P67 1，3，5，6段
1、In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer,  you should learn how to program．The task of developing programs for the soultion of computational problems is referred to as programming．Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow．In general，this process will help us resolve a problem，which is either too tedious (冗长的) or difficult to work out otherwise．So programming is breaking a task down into small steps．
译：为解决计算问题，其解决方案必须被指定在一个计算步骤的序列，每一个可能由一个人或一个数字计算机。如果你想解决计算问题的计算机，你应该学会如何计划。制定发展任务的计划称为编程。计算机编程的过程中规划和创建一个序列的计算机执行步骤。一般来说，这个过程将帮助我们解决一个问题，是太冗长的或难以解决的方式。所以编程是打破任务分解成小的步骤。

2、Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification，while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program．The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code，and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code，especially in the case of machine language programs．The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.
译：编程有时是相反的编码。编码一般是指写作程序给定程序规范，而编程包括任务的准备程序的规范以及编写程序。该程序文本有时称为代码，和行程序文本称为行代码，特别是在案件的机器语言程序。这个词编码是用来形容一个人专门从事项目规格由他人准备。

3、What's, actually involved in programming—the actual process of writing programs? Here's a quick overview of the process：
1. Write a program．
2. Compile the program．
3. Run the program．
4. Debug(调试) the program．
5. Repeat the whole process until the program is finished．
译：什么是实际参编写程序的过程？这里有一个快速的过程概述：
1。写一个程序。
2。编译程序。
3。运行程序。
4。调试程序。
5。重复整个过程，直到程序结束。

4、A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.
译：一个计算机系统包括一台计算机，外围设备和软件。电气，电子，机械设备用于处理数据称为硬件。除了电脑本身而言，“硬件”是指被称为外围设备的组件设备，扩大计算机的输入，输出，存储能力。硬件本身并没有提供一个特别有用的思维工具。计算机需要一套有益的指令，称为软件或计算机程序，告诉计算机如何执行特定任务。让电脑变得更加有效，当连接到其他计算机网络，使用户可以共享信息。
5、In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs—for example, a cursor that does not behave as expected—can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.
译：在软件中，错误是编码或逻辑错误导致程序发生故障或产生不正确的结果。较轻微的错误，一个游标，并不会表现为预想的不便或令人沮丧，但不损害信息。较严重的错误会导致程序“挂”（停止响应命令），可能会让用户惟有重启程序，失去以往任何未保存的工作。在任何情况下，程序员必须发现和纠正错误的过程称为调试。由于潜在的风险的重要数据，商业应用程序的测试和调试尽可能在这之前完全释放。小错误发现后，程序可纠正在下次更新；更严重的错误，有时可固定有特殊的软件，称为斑块，规避问题或者减轻其影响。

6、Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.
译：在软件工程领域的软件开发中，计算机科学家和工程师的研究方法和手段，使高效发展的正确，可靠，和强大的计算机程序变得容易。这一分支的研究，考虑到各阶段的计算机科学软件生命周期，从正式的问题说明，并发展到解决方案的设计，它的实施作为一个程序，测试程序，和程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具以及被称为编程环境的工具集，改进开发过程。例如，软件工具可以帮助管理的许多组成部分的正在编写的大型程序程序员小组。

四， 句子翻译2题（20%）
1、The fact that IBM, a company of such corporate prestige, would enter this market convinced businesses that the microcomputer was more than a passing fad.
译：像IBM这种信誉的公司即将进入微机市场，这一事实使人们坚信微机商业不是昙花一现。
2、The purpose of storage hardware is to provide a means of storing computer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent
译：存储硬件的作用是以一种相对持久的形式提供存储计算机指令和数据的方法。
3、Most importantly semiconductor chips produced a new generation of mainframes and minicomputers with increased capability, greater speed, and smaller size.
译：最重要的是半导体芯片产生了性能更好、速度更快、尺寸更小的新一代大型机和小型机。
4、Most programming techniques in this day and age still use techniques that are little more advanced than the programming techniques applied by the first programmers.
译：
5、Object-oriented methodology is an approach to system lifecycle development that takes a top-down view of data objects, their allowable actions, and the underlying communication requirement to define system architecture.
译：面向对象方法是系统生命周期的方法之一，该方法包含自顶向下数据对象的观点，允许动作和基本通信需求，由此可定义一个系统的体系结构。
6、Windows NT was the first Windows operating system to combine support for high-end, client/server business applications with the industry’s leading personal productivity applications.
译：Windows NT是Windows操作系统种第一个将支持高端的、C/S模式的企业应用程序与工业中领先的个人生产力的应用程序结合到一起的操作系统