1、 什么成分做状语?状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy
2、calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.' 副词(短语)作状语:The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则
3、状语前置)The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语) 介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student
4、 in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词(短语)作状语:He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语) 不定式作状语:The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 名词作状语:Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语) 状语从句:时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句条件状语从句