英语语法--句子成分分析(菜鸟也能懂的)省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,菜鸟腾飞班!,第1页,传说”中英语十大“门派”十大词类分别叫名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词，感叹词。,第2页,名词,“,名,”,就是名称,-,人或事物名称,.,详细人或物体名称,:,人名,-Mike,LiMing;,地名,America,China,动物名,-pig,dog;,植物名,-tree,wheat.,抽象事物名称,:idea(,主意,),victory(,胜利,),knowledge(,知识,).,代词，何谓“代”？即是替换意思，主要是来替换名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近，或者说代词实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起作用是一样。,动词,动,就是动作,-,人五官动作,:walk(,走,),jump(,跳,),swim(,游泳,);,人大脑动作,(,心理活动,):think(,想,),imagine(,想象,).,也有些动词是表示静止，如：,am,，,is,，,are,。形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上：,tall,（高），,short,矮），,black,（黑），,white,（白）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。,第3页,副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用,quickly,（快地），,slowly,（慢地），,clearly,（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加,ly,组成,介词,-,同名词“关系”最好，是“铁”哥们，所以往往你见到介词地方你就会见到名词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。,in the room;on the desk.,第4页,连词，假如我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单独作句子成份，只能和其它词类一起作句子成份。常见连词有：,and,、,but,、,or,、,both.and,、,neither.nor,、,notonly.butalso,、,when,、,where,、,before,、,after,、,if,等等,冠词，英语中只有三个词：,aan(,不定冠词,)the(,定冠词,),，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，普通是放在名词之前。定冠词也不能单独做主语宾语等等什么啦，只能和其它词类结合作句子成份。,第5页,数词，顾名思义，跟数字相关词就是数词，英语中数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词，比如：onetwo、three、four、five、six、seven等等，序数词，比如：first、second、third、fourth、fifth等等。感叹词，主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情，比如：ohahwell等等，这一词类在十大词类中并不主要，了解即可。,第6页,词修饰规则,形容词修饰名词做定语或者用在系动词后做表语,副词修饰动词/形容词/副词做状语,第7页,句子成份,定义,：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有,主要成份,和,次要成份,；,主要成份,：主语和谓语,次要成份,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,第8页,句子组成部分,包含主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种,主语是句子叙述主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来负担。,第9页,主语（,subject,）,句子说明人或事物,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化形容词）,（句子）,第10页,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east.,Twenty years is a short time in history.,The poor are now living in the shelter.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,He likes dancing.,What he needs is a book.,It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(,名词化形容词）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,第11页,谓语说明主语所发出动作或含有特征和状态。谓语由动词来负担。,宾语是动作对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,第12页,谓语,说明主语动作、状态和特征,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,him playing basketball in the playground.,He,looked after,two babies.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing,第13页,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化形容词,),(,三,),宾语,动作对象或承受者,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,第14页,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,第15页,（四）表语,在,系动词,后部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,第16页,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句,He is a,clever,boy.,This is a,bike,factory,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词全部格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),第17页,定语后置：,假如定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,第18页,（六）状语,状语功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,He went to school,in spite of his illness,.,第19页,I found the book,interesting,.,I saw him playing football.,I find it easy to learn English well.,（七）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,第20页,系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,比如：,He is a teacher.,2,）,连续系动词,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持缄默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,比如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,第21页,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,比如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,注意：系动词不用于被动语态,.,5,）,改变系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,比如：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表示,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,比如：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,第22页,(,八,),同位语,位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况,We,young people,should respect the old.,He,himself,will do the experiment.,He is the oldest among them,four.,He told me the news,that our team won the,game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,第23页,第一节破解英语句子之密码“钥匙”五种基本句型主系表,主谓,主谓宾,主谓间宾直宾,主谓宾 宾补,第24页,Exercises:,分析句子结构,1,）,You are a student.,2,）,He felt happy today.,3,）,What you said made me happy.,4,）,he likes playing football.,5,）,After he finished his homework,he went to school.,第25页,6,）,He likes pop music.,7,）,The story sounds strange.,8,）,The food tastes good.,9,）,He gave me a book yesterday.,第26页,