湖南大学《基础英语一》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷.doc

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湖南大学
《基础英语一》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分

批阅人

第一部分 （共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
1、________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A．Giving B．Given
C．To give D．Give

2、The following________________ chosen as the candidates of the competition.
A．is B．are
C．has D．have

3、After nine years working to protect Siberian tigers, Yang Jun _____ his efforts recognized at the annual award ceremony in Beijing where he was named a "wildlife protector".
A．had B．had had
C．has had D．has

4、Eventually, she has recognized ____, whatever happens and however bad ____ seems today, life still goes on and everything will be better tomorrow．
A．that; it B．it; that C．it; what D．that; what

5、— You should have come to the party last Saturday evening. It was really fantastic.
— But a friend an unexpected visit to me.
A．paid B．had paid C．would pay D．has paid

6、Much to my ______, my vocabulary has expanded a great deal.
A．delighting B．delighted C．delight

7、(2013·福建) _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A．Known B．Having known
C．Knowing D．Being known

8、— Could you turn the TV down a little bit?
— ________. Is it disturbing you?
A．Take it easy. B．I’m sorry. C．Not a bit D．It depends

9、--- Why didn’t you help the little boy?
--- Oh, he had struggled to his feet ______ I could run over and offered any help.
A．before B．after
C．when D．since

10、---May I help you？You seem to be having some trouble.
----____________，thanks. I think I can manage.
A．No problem B．It's all right
C．ok D．No way

第二部分 阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
They follow you in the street. They ask you for money and they don’t leave you alone when you try to say no. They are the aggressive street-working, fund-raising charity workers, otherwise known as “chuggers”.
The term “chugger” is a combination of two words, “charity” and “mugger”. Chuggers often work in the street. They set up a stall with information about the charity they represent, and they try to get you to donate money to the charity. Typically, they prey on your feelings of guilt, greeting you with questions such as, “Do you care about the planet?” or, “When was the last time you did something for someone else?”
But a survey of their strategies has found that some charity volunteers are far from charitable. “Many chuggers simply refuse to back off when asked to do so,’’ said Brian Jones, a spokesperson for a charity watchdog (监察人). “One of the problems is that some chuggers say they are working as volunteers,” he added. “However, they aren’t really. Most of the 50 chuggers we spoke to showed little interest in anything other than raising the maximum amount of cash in the minimum amount of time. They get paid from this so it makes sense. Also, a fifth of fundraisers had no visible ID and almost a quarter failed to give clear information about the cause they were representing. By employing chuggers who break the law, tell lies or refuse to leave members of the public alone, charities undermine the trust we all instinctively have in them.”
But Shirley Bosworth, chief executive of the Institution of Fundraising, said face-to-face fundraising remains “an appropriate and effective method”. “It enables charities to engage with a particular demographic of donor, and it means that charity and donor can enter into a dialogue about what the charity does and how the donor’s money will be used,” she explained.
1、What do chuggers do according to the passage?
A．They rob money of strangers.
B．They cheat you into buying things.
C．They ask you to donate money for charities.
D．They hurt your feelings by asking questions.
2、What’s the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The survey of charity volunteers.
B．The problems with charity volunteers.
C．The basic information about charity volunteers.
D．The attitude Brian Jones takes toward charity volunteers.
3、What does the underlined word “undermine” may probably mean?
A．betray
B．strengthen
C．build
D．weaken
4、How does Shirley Bosworth feel about what chuggers do?
A．It’s useful. B．It’s disgusting.
C．It’s absurd. D．It’s popular.

B
Don’t put it off, do it now!
Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it’s too late to do anything else.
“We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful,” says Dr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. “If these tasks were fun, we’d just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can’t see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are.” This is obvious when you look at the couples who don’t argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.
Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We’ve evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.
Let’s take the example of students’ writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you’ll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to do—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.
Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.
1、What does the author say about procrastination in Paragraph 1?
A．It is something many people can’t help.
B．It is an excuse people often use in public.
C．It is caused by the technology in people’s life.
D．It is more common when people have small jobs to do.
2、In paragraph 3, Dr. Steel believes that people who procrastinate should ______.
A．attempt to overcome their natural tendencies
B．take the advice of others in the same situation
C．be aware that their problem is relatively small
D．find out more about the way they make decisions
3、Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4?
A．They are an alternative to impossible goals.
B．They make challenges feel more manageable.
C．They are an effective way of impressing others.
D．They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.
4、What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence?
A．Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively.
B．Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly.
C．Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized.
D．Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task.

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
After having a child, I found my regular exercise interrupted. I was not only busy: I also lacked the motivation. Solo gym sessions or some quick 1 following the DVD while the baby sleeps didn’t 2 me at all. So I decided to sign up for a hiking 3 in Peru, hoping that it would get me 4 again.
Looking over my travel arrangements before I left. I 5 phrases such as “3-hour hike 6 primitive forests” and “sliding with a rope down waterfalls”, and I started to feel a little 7 .
However, as we made our way through the forests and were 8 with amazing views of 9 waterfalls, this team of strangers 10 me to go on. Being physically active with a group motivated me to reach the 11 or the valley below-rather than simply lying down on the forest floor and giving up, 12 I might have done if I were alone.
13 confirm my experience: Group exercise can really start a new attitude toward fitness. “People get a better 14 in a group than they do on their own,” said Allison Kimmel, a group 15 instructor. That’s because other people 16 both support and competition. “Humans are 17 animals and the shared experience of facing a challenge 18 is compelling(不可抗拒的),” said David Ezell, the CEO of fitness provider Darien Wellness.
With the 19 of a group, I'm slowly getting back into a 20 lifestyle.
1、A．summary B．addition C．exercise D．1ecture
2、A．contribute to B．appeal to C．cater to D．object to
3、A．trip B．voyage C．award D．speech
4、A．acting B．flying C．studying D．moving
5、A．examined B．scanned C．copied D．deleted
6、A．across B．over C．through D．beyond
7、A．convinced B．disappointed C．delighted D．worried
8、A．rewarded B．crowded C．covered D．equipped
9、A．awful B．awesome C．accessible D．still
10、A．begged B．forced C．permitted D．inspired
11、A．summit B．foot C．destination D．waterfall
12、A．that B．which C．where D．when
13、A．Victims B．Tourists C．Strangers D．Experts
14、A．position B．workout C．income D．diet
15、A．business B．career C．flight D．fitness
16、A．offer B．consume C．receive D．ignore
17、A．natural B．traditional C．practical D．social
18、A．alone B．alike C．together D．close
19、A．popularity B．development C．increase D．support
20、A．wealthier B．healthier C．higher D．richer

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
语法填空
Oliver Twist and other boys in the workhouse were allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays They slowly 1． (starve) for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger
One day, the boys decided to choose one to walk up to the warden after supper and ask for more They wrote 2． (they) names on pieces of paper and picked one out And the boy 3． was chosen was Oliver Twist The evening arrived and the soup was served and disappeared down the boy’s throats Desperate with hunger and misery, Oliver walked towards 4． master with his bowl and spoon in his hand and told him that he wanted more food The warden was so 5． (astonish) that he had to hold on to the pot 6． support No sooner had the boy asked again 7． the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon and then seized Oliver’s arms while 8． (shout) for Mr Bumble The managers all agreed that Oliver would 9． (hang) Then the little boy was 10． (immediate) locked in a small room

第四部分 写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last week, I learned a lesson about being honesty、 It was Friday, early on the morning, I did not want go to school, so I told my mother that I got the fever、 I pretended to be seriously ill、 My mother went out quickly, looked worried、 I thought she went to work, but after a while, she returned back with some medicine、 She told me that she asks for a day off to look after me、 Afterwards, my teacher heard from my sickness and came to visit me withsome of my classmate、 I wasted others’ time，because I felt very regretful for telling lies、 At last, they admitted my mistake and promised not to lie any more、118

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
今天早上，你接到了一个通知你的室友Lily参加社团面试的电话，请你给她写一封便条， 告诉她这件事。 便条的主要内容有：
1.电话的内容；
2.提醒她别忘记。
注意：1. 词数80字左右；
2.可以适当发挥；以使行文连贯。
Sept. 9th
Dear Lily,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Wendy

第5页，共5页