2015年高中英语-Unit13-并列句-语法考点超级归纳素材.doc

Unit13 并列句 语法考点超级归纳
列句（Compound Sentences）由两个或两个以上的分句并列在一起构成。其基本结构为：分句＋并列连词＋分句。分句之间的关系是并列的、对等的，都能独立地表达意思，但在意思或逻辑上有一定的内在联系。否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而无必要写在一起构成并列句了。
在并列句中，除了使用并列连词外，还可使用并列连词词组或连接副词连接分句。有时甚至不用并列连词，只用逗号、分号、冒号等把分句隔开。
并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既……又），both …and（不但…而且），not only …but also（不但……而且），not … but（不是……而是），neither … nor（既不……也不），either … or（不是……就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）；连接副词有：still, yet, however, therefore, then等。例如：
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
Bothhis fatherandhis mother are teachers. 他的爸爸妈妈都是教师。
His room is bright but mine is gloomy. 他的房间明亮，但我的房间阴暗。
He can not only repair computersbut also fix them. 他不仅会修电脑还能组装。
It is a glorious yet difficult task. 这是一个光荣而艰巨的任务。

考点一：并列连词与并列句

类别
并列连词
例句
表示同等关系
and, neither...nor, not only…but (also)
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. 后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。
Pip is not only a character; he also tells the story of Great Expectations. 皮普不仅是一个小说人物，他还讲述《远大前程》的故事。
表示选择关系
or, either…or
We cook dinner together,or we go for a long walk. 我们一起做饭，或者长时间散步。
You can either have tea or coffee.你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错，就是我错。
Either you clean your room or you don’t go out with your friends. 要么你打扫自己的房间，要么你别和你的朋友出去。
表示意思转折
but, still, however, yet, while, when
I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. 我猜他想说什么，但我没听见。
One can not see wind, however, it does exist．人们看不见风，可是它确实存在。
The UK is in the thirteenth position, whileChina is in the middle of the list. 英国排在第十三位，而中国排在中间。
I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我刚要睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
表示因果关系
so, for, therefore
These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so. 这些国家位于世界五大富国之列，所以他们这么做是对的。
The day broke, for the birds were singing in the trees. 天已破晓，因为鸟儿在鸣叫。
It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home. 天下雨，因此我们只好待在家里。
表示条件或结果
and, or
Go straight on and you’ll see a bank. 一直往前走，你就会看见一家银行。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the plane. 快点，要不然你就赶不上飞机了。
Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. 只要你招招手，出租车就会立刻过来。

一句多译：
1）这很奇怪，然而却是真的。
① It is strange, yet it is true.
② It is strange; yet it is true.
③ It is strange, and yet it is true.
④ It is strange. Yet it is true.
第一句中的yet为并列连词，其他三句中的yet为连接副词。
2）天气晴朗，我们出去散了步。
① The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
② The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.
3）他有两个侄儿，都在美国。
① He has two nephews, both of whom are in the United States.
② He has two nephews, and both of them are in the United States.
4）教室里有15人，包括老师在内。
①There are fifteen people in the classroom, and the teacher was included.
②There are fifteen people in the classroom, the teacher included.
③There are fifteen people in the classroom, including the teacher.

注意：
类别
例句
在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加 and
要是下雨，我们就不去钓鱼。
正：If it rains, we won’t go fishing.
误：If it rains, and we won’t go fishing.
and 连接的两个词已构成习语，与汉语顺序相反，不可按汉语词序表达
food and drink 饮食       food and clothing 衣食
rich and poor 贫富          land and water 水陆
right and left 左右          north and south 南北
as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开；as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式要与前一项保持一致；而用not only ...but also...连接时，谓语动词形式与后一项保持一致。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well (= too).我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
I am going to London as well as my sister.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
一句多译：马丁既能讲汉语又能讲法语。
① Martin can speak Chinese and French.
② Martin can speak both Chinese and French.
③ Martin can speak not only Chinese but also French.
④ Martin can speak Chinese as well as French.

考点二：并列句的句型

并列句句型
例句
祈使句，and + 陈述句
Work harder, and you will make greater progress. 更加努力学习，你就会取得更大的进步。
名词（词组），and + 陈述句
One more effort, and you will succeed.在努力一把，你就会成功。
祈使句，or + 陈述句
Hurry up, or you won’t catch the train.赶紧，不然你就赶不上火车了。

一句多译：
快点，否则你就会迟到。
① Hurry up, or you will be late.
② Hurry up, or else you will be late.
③ Hurry up, otherwise you will be late.
④ If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
⑤ You will be late unless you hurry up.