初中英语语法之-形容词和副词的比较级和最高级[1].doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的：情    况加    法例    词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -estall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原  级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest二形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例  句备   注原  级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.                 比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。          例题解析1. He is _ friends than I.A. much more   B. many more   C. very more   D. too more解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia?   A. more developed   B. more developing   C. most developed   D. most developing解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"  意思3 There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little        B. few        C. fewer         D. less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, come another day _.   A. too     B. so     C. instead    D. yet  解析：instead 作副词用时意为"代替，顶替"， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5He can't tell us _, I think.   A. important anything            B. anything important C. important something          D. something important.  解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country.  A. long    B. longer   C. longest    D. the longest  解析："定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大" 应选C.7. The light in the office wasn't _for him to read.  A. enough bright     B. bright enough    C. brightly     D. enough brightly  解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasn't _hurt.  A. luckily, badly   B. luck, hardly   C. Lucky, heavily  D. Lucky, strongly  解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises.   A. close     B. open       C. closed      D., opened  解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. _,   A. already     B. still   ;  C. too       D. yet  解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.三形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法（1）和冠词连用the 形容词原级v(复)，指一类人或物the 形容词比较级，指两者中“较的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two    a/ an 形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.    ( a) most形容词最高级“非常”eg. a most beautiful city( 2 ) 相关结构1) 原级比较：肯定句 as.as., 否定句not so / as.as.2) 比较句： 比较级 than.或more (less) .than.The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)3) 比较级 and比较级 或 more and more比较级 “越来越 ”richer and richer, more and more interesting4) The more., the more.“越， 越”The more you look at the picture, the better you  will like it.      5)  比较级than  any other n. （单） （适用于范围一致时）                  (all) other n.（复）                  any n.(单)  （适用于范围不一致时）       He is taller than   any other student / all other students in his class.                       any student in my class.6) 倍数表达法。A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。 Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7) morethan结构，其意往往是rather than，可译为“是而不是”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是，不如说是”。That little girl is more tired than hungry.  那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。 She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife.她是贤妻，更是良母。8) A is to B what C is to D  A和B的关系就像C和D的关系    Air is to man what water is to fish. 空气 对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9) no more than= only  “只不过”，言其少not more than=at most  “不多于”，“至少”，指事实。    no more than 和一样不     如单音节使用比较级形式    not morethan  不比更no less than= as much as       “多达”  no fewer than= as many as例：I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.  我口袋里的钱只不过5元。 I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.  我口袋里的钱不多于5元。    He is no richer than I.他和我一样穷。He is no less determined than you.  他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大) He is not less determined than you.  他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义) 10) 最高级of/ in/ among.       He is the tallest of the three/ among them/ in is class.四相关词语辨析1.very 和much A）very修饰形容词、副词的原级；much修饰比较级；修饰动词用much或very much ,eg. I very like English.(),因改为：I like English very much.B) 表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child .一般的情况下，以-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly /much shocked by the news about Tom.   C) 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting D）too前用much/ far ,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many    / much, too few / little前用far。 Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.      E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much. eg. be well worth doing, be well above the tree2. so和suchA)so that 与such that 的区别。so +  形容词 / 副词 +  that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意： 但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress t hemselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。B) some/ any/ every/ no/ each/ all/ another/ several/ few/ many/ one/ two +such+n. eg. no such word3.  be too much + n.    be much too+ adj.    be too much for sb. 对太过分了4.  cant be too +adj.= cant be +adj.+ enough “无论都不为过”          You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你越小心越好。练习与巩固选择最佳答案填空：1 Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _ to catch up with them.  A. slowly enough  B. enough slowly  C. fast enough  D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it.   A. a few  B. a little  C. few  D. little3. It's such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.   A. interesting; interested  B. interested; interesting  C. interesting; interesting  D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _.   A. late; lately  B. lately; late  C. lately; lately  D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents' healthy conditions.   A. some times  B. sometime  C. sometimes  D. some times6. We don't have _ every day.   A. a lot of school works  B. many school work  C. any school works  D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!  -Oh, yes! They are nearly _.   A. up and down  B. slower and slower  C. more or less  D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be.   A. The less; the better  B. The fewer; the better  C. Fewer; richer  D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.   A. more and more rich  B. more rich and more rich  C. richer and richer     D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?   A. difficult  B. much difficult  C. more difficult  D. the most difficult11. "A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _.   A. serious, serious  B. seriously, seriously  C. seriously, serious  D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?   A. How long  B. How often  C. How far  D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August.   A. hotter; hottest ; B. hot; hot  C. hotter; hot  D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one.   A. so long as  B. as longer as  C. longer than  D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital.   A. away to  B. far away  C. far from  D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.   A. so  B. very  C. too  D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I can't carry it.   A. too, to  B. so, that  C. very, that  D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world.   A. larger  B. most  C. smallest  D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas.   A. so  B. such  C. too  D. even20. The cake smells _. Please throw it away.   A. good  B. badly  C. bad  D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday?   - It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.   A. hardlyhard    B. hardly hardly     C. hard hardly   D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready_.     A. ever       B. already      C. yet       D. still23. - What about the English novel?    - It's not very difficult. There are only _ new words in it.     A. few      B. a few     C. many     D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! I've never heard _.     A. the better voice     B. a good voice    C. the best voice     D. a better voice25.  Mr Smith always has  _ to tell us.     A. some good pieces of news              B. some  pieces of good news     C.some good piece of news ;               D. some piece of good new26. I'm afraid the headmaster is _ busy to meet the visitors.      A. too much    B. much too   C. so much    D. very much27. - Dad , when will you be free?  You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago.   - I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _ holiday soon.      A. four-days      B. four-day    C. four days     D. four day28. The scenery in Sanya looks _, especially "Tian Ya Hai Jiao" is _.       A, well, best     B. fine, the most famous     C. nice, better   D. beautifully, the best29. What a _ day it is! Let's go out for a walk.      A. windy    B. lovely      C. rainy     D.cloudy30. Of the two Australian students , Masha is _ one. I think you can find her easily.       A, tallest     B, the taller  ;   C. taller       D. the tallestKey1-5 CCADC  6-10  DDBCC   11-15 DCDCD  16-20 ABDAC  21-25 CCADB   26-30   BBBBBHomework选择最佳答案填空：1. John told me that _  nothing important have ever happened.       A. hardly   B. rarely   C. nearly  D. almost2. -Why dont you like the shirt?  -Its neck is not big for me at all. Have you got a shirt of this kind with _ neck?      A. the biggest   B. a far bigger   C. by far the biggest  D. a more bigger3. -The temperature today is 10 below zero.  -Oh, its _cold.       A. the most   B. the more  C. most   D. much  more4. -Do you think him naughty enough? -Im afraid hes _than naughty.           A. more clever   B. clever  C. much clever  D. much more clever5. Exercise is _as any other to lose unwanted weight.     A. so useful a wayB. as a useful way  C. as useful a way   D. such a useful way6. -Whats wrong? You seem restless.    -I was reduced to paying _ price for it.  A. double the  B. double of the  C. double  D. double of7. _, the boys were shouting and singing.   A. Happy and excited  B. Happily and excitedly   C. To be happy and excited  D. To be happily and excitedly8. Im glad to say that hes already finished _50% of the book in these three days.  A. no less than   B. no more than  C. not more than  D. much less than9. Ill get there by six, if_.    A. not sooner  B. no sooner   C. not more quickly  D. no quick10. The US is about the same size as China, but its population is five times _.  A. as little  B. smaller  C. as few  D. fewer11. -Is this _book?    - Yes, its _what Im after.  A. the very; just   B. the just; exactlyC. a very; just  D. the right; only12. He has given up drinking. He drinks _.    A. never again   B. not any more  C. no more  D. once again13. He hurried away, _to meet his old friend.    A. looking forwardB. hoped   C. anxiously   D. eager14. Everything was very expensive. I didnt buy _fruit, but Ive got some _apples.    A. any; big red   B. any; red big  C. much; big red  D. some ; red big15. -Are you going to the football game?     -No, the tickets are _expensive for me.  A. very much   B. so much  C. far too  D. highly16. Well have to wait a _two weeks to know the examination result.    ;A. other   B. further  C. another  D. more17. The little town has now grown into a modern big city, and is _ what it used to be.   A. twice the size than  B. two times the size as  C. twice the size as  D. twice the size of18. The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped _.    A. the ill   B. the wounded  C. the brave  D. the rich19. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a _.    A. bamboo long fishing pole   B. long bamboo fishing pole  C. pole long bamboo and fishing   D. bamboo fishing long pole20. He was the _at that moment.    A. only awake person   B. only person awake  C. awake only person  D. person only awake21. I think his suggestion is _ bad, and that of yours is_ good.    A. fairly too; rather   B. rather too; fairly  C. fairly; rather too  D. rather; fairly too22. Would you be _ to tell me he time by your watch?    A. so kind  B. kind enough  C. enough kind  D. very kind23. The winners are _children brought up in the country.    A. almost  B. mostly  C. most  D. nearly24. The technical college educa