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名词语法和练习题
1. 定义
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。
2. 名词复数的规则变化(情况,构成方法,读音,例词)
a. 一般情况在名词后加-s
清辅音后读/s/
map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读 /z/
bag-bags /car-cars
b. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es
读 /iz/
bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxes
c. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s
读 /iz/
license-licenses
d. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es
读 /z/
baby---babies
e. 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
1). 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
2). 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
3). 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。
f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
1). 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs
2). 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves
3). 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
3. 名词复数的不规则变化
1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,yuan等。
4. 名词所有格
1)在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,例如:Where’s Lin Tao’s bike?林涛的自行车在哪?
2)如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“ ’ ”,例如:teachers’ office老师的办公室
3)如果是复数,但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”,例如:those men’s hats 那些男士的帽子
4)如果表示各自的所有关系时,名词末尾均需加“’s”,例如:Jim’s and Kate’s glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜
5)如果表示共同的所有关系时,仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”,例如:Jim and Kate’s kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝(两个人共同拥有的)
6)如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,例如:Shall we go to Meimei’s for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭,好吗?
7)没有生命的名词所有格用of,例如:This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。
练习题
一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词
peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry
二. 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________
4.dog__________ 5.dish__________ 6.child__________
7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________
10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________
13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________
16.goose_________ 17.photo________ 18.telephone_________
三. 填入所给名词的适当形式
1. We have three________(pen).
2. This is an __________(apple).
3. Where is the__________(pencil)?
4. There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice).
5. Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am.
6. There are a few __________(watch)on the desk.
7. Many__________(shelf)are in our school library.
8. He has some__________(ink).
9. The__________(girl)in red is Mary.
10. How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three.
四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类
school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks
1. pencil
2. banana
3. coat
4. wolf
5. school building
五、 选择题
( )1.There is __________on the table.
b) Plate B.a plate C.plates
( )2.I can see many __________in the garden.
A.flowers B.a flower C.flowers
( )3.The_____on the hills are all white.
A.sheep B.sheeps C.dog
( )4.These new_____are for you.
A.skirt B.shoe C.shirts
( )5.The clock has three______
A.legs B.leg C.faces
( )6.They are not in the same_______.
A.class B.classes C.familys
( )7.Is this your_____?
A.a key B.keys C.key
( )8.They are having_____.
A.a class B.English class C.Chinese class
( )9.There are so many _____in the hall.
A.peoples B.people C.a people
( )10.The_____has some nice pictures.
A.boys B.teachers C.child
( )11.The_____are dancing at the party.
A.woman B.women C.man
( )12.The _____are in Room408.
A.student B.a student C.students
( )13.Who’s that_____? She’s my mother.
A.man B.woman C.women
( )14.The_____are catching the thief.
A.policeman B.policemen C.policemans
( )15.There are new _____in my schoolbag.
A.knife B.knifes C.knives
( )16._____jacket is it? May be it’s_____.
A.Who’s;Toms B.What;Tom’s C.Whose;Tom’s
( )17.The books are the_____.
A.teachers’ B.teachers C.teacher
( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on_____Day.
A.children B.Children’s C.Childrens’
( )19.Is it the twins’ bedroom? Yes,it is. It’s_____bedroom.
A.Ann and Anna’s B.Ann’s and Anna’s C.Ann and Anna
( )20.That is _____dog. A.Tom’s B.Toms C.Tom
( )21._____coats are very pretty.
A.Jim and Tim’s B.Jim’s and Tim’s C.Jim and Tim
( )22.They are going to their_____home for dinner.
A.uncles B.uncle C.uncle’s
( )23.The big room is_____.
A.the twin’s B.twins’ C.the twins’
( )24.March 8th is_____.
A.Woman’s Day B.Womans’ Day C.Women’s Day
六、英汉互译。
1.一位美国医生____________ 2.许多绵羊___________
3.不同的季节____________ 4.一杯牛奶_____________
5.凯特的家庭照__________ 6.my uncle’s friend___________
7.her cat’s name____________ 8.the doors of the classroom_______
9.the twins’ mother_________ 10.Lucy and Kate’s bedroom______
小学英语之小学英语数词练习题
( )1.There are ___________ days in a year.
A.three hundred and sixty five B.three hundred and sixty-five
C.three hundreds and sixty five D.three hundreds and sixty—five
( )2.Danny lives in __________.
A.room 404 B.Room 404 C.404 room D.404 Room
( )3.Jim is in __________.
A.class one,grade six B.grade one,class six
C.Class One,Grade Six D.Grade One, Class Six
( )4.The bike cost me _________ yuan.
A.five hundred forty B.five hundreds fourty
C.five hundred and forty D.five hundred fourty
( )5.My telephone number is ____________.
A.eighty eight two forty four zero nine
B.eight eight two double four O nine
C.eighty eight two forty-four zero nine
D.eight eight two four four zero nine
( )6.Is there any food for us _________?
A.ten B.tenth C.the tenth D.the ten
( )7.Mary is _________ girl.
A. an 8 year old B.8一years—old
C.the 8 years old D.an 8一year—old
( )8.—What day is today? — ___________
A.June B.Tuesday
C.It is hot D.It’s fine
( )9.—What’s the date today? — ___________
A.It’s Saturday B.It’s July C.It’s fine D.It’s JuIy 15
( )10.—What time do you get up every day?
A.It’s seven o’clock B.Seven o’clock time
C.At seven D.On seven
1.There are ___________ days in a year.
A.three hundred and sixty five B.three hundred and sixty-five
C.three hundreds and sixty five D.three hundreds and sixty—five
( )2.Danny lives in __________.
A.room 404 B.Room 404 C.404 room D.404 Room
( )3.Jim is in __________.
A.class one,grade six B.grade one,class six
C.Class One,Grade Six D.Grade One Class Six
( )4.The bike cost me _________ yuan.
A.five hundred forty B.five hundreds fourty
C.five hundred and forty D.five hundred fourty
( )5.My telephone number is ____________.
A.eighty eight two forty four zero nine
B.eight eight two double four O nine
C.eighty eight two forty-four zero nine
D.eight eight two four four zero nine
( )6.Is there any food for us _________?
A.ten B.tenth C.the tenth D.the ten
( )7.Mary is _________ girl.
A. an 8 year old B.8一years—old
C.the 8 years old D.an 8一year—old
( )8.—What day is today? — ___________
A.June B.Tuesday C.It is hot D.It’s fine
( )9.—What’s the date today? — ___________
A.It’s Saturday B.It’s July C.It’s fine D.It’s JuIy 15
( )10.—What time do you get up every day?
A.It’s seven o’clock B.Seven o’clock time
C.At seven D.On seven
一、单项选择
1.The tree is tall.
A. fourteen foots B. fourteen feet
C. fourteen foot D. forty foot
2.Fifty plus .
A. fourty is ninety B. forty is ninety
C. thirty is ninety D. fifty is ninety
3.There are students in this school.
A. four hundred fifty-two
B. four hundreds fifty two
C. four hundred and fifty-two
D. four hundreds and fifty-two
4.My home is about away from the school.
A. three hundred metre B. three hundreds metres
C. three hundred metres D. three hundred metre
5.December is and last month in a year.
A.the twelveth B.twelve C.the twelfth D.twelfth
6. of the teachers in the school are from colleges.
A.Three quarters B.Two-third
C.Two fifth D.Two-ninth
7.There were two world wars during century.
A.the twenties B.the twentieth
C.twenties D.twentieth
8.In the forties, his father served in the New Army(新四军),while his mother worked in the
Route Army(八路军).
A. Fourth; Eighth B.Four; Eighth
C.Fourth; eight D.Fourth; eighth
9.We are learning now.
A.the twenty-first lesson B.Lesson Twenty-first
C.the 21 th lesson D.Lesson 21 st
10.He will stay here for .
A.one and half month
B.one and a half month
C.one months and a half
D.one and a half months
11.—What’s the date today?—It’s .
A.nine B.Monday C.June 5 D.11:00
12.—Would you like to eat apples?
—No, thank you.
A.more two B.two more C.two another D.two else
13.He said he would come back in .
A.one or two days B.o or two days C.one and two days D.a day and two
14.—How often do you write to your parents abroad?
— .
A.Twice a month B.Second times a month
C.A second time a month D.second a time a month
15. people died in the traffic accidents in the world.
A.Thousand of B.Thousands of C.Ten thousands of D.Ten thousand of
16.In the 1850s, about was covered by forest in the USA.
A.third B.a third C.the third D.a thirds
17.This is her birthday, I think.
A.twenty B.twentieth C.the twentieth D.the twenty’s
18.September is Teachers’Day.
A.the ten B.tenth C.the tenth D.the ten’s
19.There are children in the country school.
A.two thousand five hundred and sixty
B.two thousands five hundred and sixty
C.two thousands five hundreds and sixty
D.two thousand five hundreds and sixty
20. of the soldiers is about two thousand.
A. A number B. The number of C. A great number D. The biggest numbers of
一、1~5BBCCC 6~10ABAAD
11~15CBAAB 16~20BBCAB
1.序数词的构成及其说明
1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如:
six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth four→fourth
2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。
3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如:
twenty→twentieth[5twentiiW]
forty→fortieth[fC:tiiW]
4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如:
twenty-one→twenty-first forty-five→forty-fifth
5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如:
第一百→hundredth 第一千→thousandth
第一百万→millionth 第十亿→billionth
6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th
2.序数词在句子中的应用
序数词在句中主要是充当定语,也可以作主语、表语、宾语,前面要加定冠词the。例如:
The first time I came to China, I liked it very much.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。
The first is always better than the second.
第一总是比第二好。
She will choose the third.她将选择第三。
1.基数词的构成及其说明
1)1~12是独立的单词。即:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2)13~19,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如:
13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen
16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen
19→nineteen
3)从20~90整十位数,多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如:
20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty
50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy
80→eighty 90→ninety
4)21~99是由几十和几合起来构成,中间加连字符(-)。例如:
21→twenty-one 32→thirty-two 55→fifty-five
74→seventy-four 86→eighty-six 99→ninety-nine
5)101~999等三位数中,十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如:
101→a(one)hundred and one
230→two hundred and thirty
513→five hundred and thirteen
678→six hundred and seventy
999→nine hundred and ninety-nine
6)1,000以上的数,要用计数逗点,即从个位开始,每隔三位数加一逗点,第一个逗点处是thousand(千),第二逗点处是million(百万),第三个逗点处是thousand million(英)或billion(美)(十亿)。例如:
一千1,000→a(one)thousand
4,596→four thousand five hundred and ninety-six
一万10,000→ten thousand
18,261→eighteen thousand two hundred and sixty-one
十万100,000→a(one)hundred thousand
766,132→seven hundred and sixty-six thousand one hundred and thirty-two
一百万1,000,000→a(one)million
4,538,536→four million five hundred and thirty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty-six
一千万10,000,000→ten million
一亿100,000,000a(one)hundred million
十亿以上的数,英美说法不同。
十亿10,000,000,000
英国 a(one)thousand million
美国 a(one)billion
百亿10,000,000,000→ten thousand million
注意
汉语中有百、千、万、亿等单位,而英语中有hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万)等,但没有表示万和亿的专门单词,要用十进位的方法推算出来。例如:
thousand千百万 ten thousand万
hundred thousand 十万
million百万
ten million千万
hundred million亿(万万)
巧学巧用
读数的诀窍
有一首歌诀,可以帮助我们迅速地用英语读出长数字。
从右向左三逗开,一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;
左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。
①“从右向左三逗开”,指从右向左把长数字母三位用逗号分开。如:10,000;225,430;51.000,000,000
②“一逗千,二逗百万,三逗就是十万万;”指从右向左的第一个逗号表示“千”(thousand);第二逗号表示“百万”(million);第三个逗号表示“十万万”(billion,即十亿)。
③“左右三位分开读,保你又快又喜欢。”指读数时从左向右,每三位三位地按三位数的读法读,遇到有逗号时就分别加上该逗号所表示的那个英语单词。
2.hundred, thousand, million与of连用
数词hundred, thousand, million等的前面有其他数词,用作确定的数目时,不用复数形式。例如:
three thousand三千(不能说:three thousands)
five hundred五百(不能说:five hundreds)
但是当hundred, thousand, million在用作不确定的数目时,则需用复数形式,并且往往后接of。例如:
hundreds of people几百人
hundreds of thousands of people几十万人
millions of the locusts千百万只蝗虫
巧学巧用
有hundred等数词
有s时有of, 没有s没of;
数词前面加,没有s没of;
前面无数词,有s也有of。
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