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(每日一练)(精选试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点总结(超全)
单选题
1、That is the famous university _____my friend and I visited last summer vacation.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是the famous university,指物,在从句中做宾语,因先行词在主句中作表语,只能用关系代词that。故选C项。
2、The novel published last month, ________ author was a 15-year-old girl, is a best-seller.
A.whichB.whoC.whenD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个15岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词the novel。故选D。
3、The Battle at Lake Chang jin (《长津湖》) is the most inspiring movie _______ I have ever seen.
A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:《长津湖》是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“movie”,指物,前面有形容词最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选D项。
4、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
5、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with every human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.
A.who; whereB.which; whereC.who; whenD.which; that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词Newton在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词who,第二空处关系词代替先行词point在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词where,故选A项。
6、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
7、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
8、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
9、The villagers, ________had been washed away by the flood, received the government's aid.
A.all their propertiesB.all of their properties
C.all whose propertiesD.all of whose properties
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词whose。不定代词all修饰名词时需要使用介词of,意为“所有的……”。故选D。
10、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
11、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
12、Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A.depletingB.enrichingC.conservingD.supplying
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗; B. enriching丰富; C. conserving保存; D. supplying提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选A。
13、It was in the lab ________ was taken charge of by Professor Black ________ they did the experiment.
A.that; whereB.which; that
C.whom; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在Black教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导;第二空和句首的It was构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语in the lab,故此处用that。故选B项。
14、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
15、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
16、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
17、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
18、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
19、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
20、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
21、Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.不填
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:就连阿蒙森也被斯科特的死感动了,他说:“斯科特上尉留下了一份记录,记录了他的诚实、真诚、勇敢,造就了一个人的一切。分析句子,定语从句部分缺主语,引导词用关系代词且不可省略。故可排除D项。再根据先行词指物可排除C项。本题定语从句的先行词为复合不定代词everything故引导词只能为that不用which。综合分析,故选A 项。
22、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A.whichB.oneC.thatD.it
答案:B
考查不定代词。句意:要了解一个国家的文化习惯,尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化,是很困难的。A. which指代物;B. one一个;C. that指代人或物;D. it它。通过句子结构判断,整句话中只有一个谓语动词is,所以不能使用从句的引导词,排除A和C,同时it指代的是同类同物,表示特指,不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,one作为同位语,泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰,使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
23、I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语,应用关系代词which/that,故选B项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:reason
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句_______ he explained to me中充当宾语,应用关系代词which/that
3 .考虑特殊情况:无
故选B项。
24、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
25、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
26、Those ______ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.whom
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词Those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选B。
27、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
28、________in a story book, the girl didn’t notice the stranger.
A.BuryingB.BuriedC.To buryD.Having buried
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:沉迷于故事书中,这个女孩没有注意到这个陌生人。分析句子结构可知,动词bury在句中作状语成分,和主语the girl之间是被动关系,需使用过去分词buried,be buried in专心于。故选B。
29、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
30、With more and more forests _______, we must take action to protect our earth.
A.destroyingB.destroyedC.to destroyD.are destroyed
答案:B
考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选B。
完成句子
31、________ ________ are interested in art are welcome to join us.
欢迎那些对艺术感兴趣的人加入我们。
答案: Those who
考查定语从句。观察句子可知,限制性定语从句,先行词表示“人们”,用those,指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导。故填:①Those;②who。
32、为了应对未来的问题,我们应该养成良好的工作习惯,提高生活技能。(定语从句)
________ , we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.
答案:To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future
考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。表示“应对”,可用动词短语cope with。表示“问题”,可用名词problem。根据要求用定语从句来修饰“问题”。“未来的问题”实际上就是指“未来我们遇到的问题”。在该从句中,应该用we作主语。表示“遇到”,可用meet with。先行词problems作meet的宾语,应该用关系代词which/that引导从句,且关系代词还可省略。表示“未来”,可用in the future。因此,从句可翻译为:that we may meet with in the future。“为了应对未来的问题”表目的,应该用动词不定式表示。故填To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future。
33、It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(as if句型)
They looked at me as if I _______________.他们看着我,就像我已经知道了真相一样。
答案:had known the truth already
考查虚拟语气。“知道真相”应用know the truth,分析句子结构可知,本句为as if引导的虚拟方式状语从句,表示与过去的事实相反,使用过去完成时,“已经”表达为already。故填had known the truth already。
34、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。
This is __________________ I bought yesterday.
答案:the same pen as
考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句I bought yesterday,被the same修饰的先行词pen,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,构成the same...as (与……一样)结构,表同类事物。故填the same pen as。
35、被困的矿工们就要放弃时,救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up ______________________________.
答案:when rescue came
考查时态,名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知,此处为be about to do sth.when...句型,表示“正打算做某事,这时候”,由上文的were可知用一般过去时,rescue“救援”不可数名词,come“来”,故填when rescue came。
36、我也有一个我非常信任的朋友。
I also have a friend________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案: whom/who I trust a lot
考查定语从句、动词时态和副词。空处为定语从句,先行词为friend,先行词在句中作宾语,关系代词应用who/whom;表示“信任”应用动词trust,在从句中作谓语,friend为单数,且此处为客观陈述,所以应用动词原形trust;表示“非常”应用短语a lot,作状语,修饰动词trust,所以空处应填whom/who I trust a lot。故答案为whom/who I trust a lot。
37、这个病人张了张嘴好像要说什么。
The patient opened his mouth ________________ something.
答案:as if to say
考查状语从句的省略。根据句意可知用as if表示“好像”,be to do表示“要做某事”,本句实际上是一个省略句,完整形式为as if he was to say,在as if引导的方式状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时可省略从句的主语和be,故填as if to say。
38、他同他们说话,就当他们是孩子一样。
He talks to them ________________ children.
答案:as if they were
考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知用as if引导方式状语从句,表示“好像”,从句陈述的内容不是真实的情况,要用虚拟语气,根据“talks”判断此处是与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were),故填as if they were。
39、一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名, 被称为万婴之母.
She________ ________ ________the mother of ten thousand babies,having________over fifty thousand babies in her lifetime.
答案: was known as delivered
考查固定短语、动词和时态。be known as是固定短语,意为“因作为……而出名”,分析句子可知,此处应填动词作谓语,且时态应为一般过去时,主语为She,故此处应填was known as;表示“接生”应用动词deliver,结合前文的having可知,此处应用动词的过去分词形式,故空处应填delivered。故填①was②known③as④delivered。
40、他在事故中幸免于难。
He was lucky enough to________.
答案:survive the accident
考查动词原形。根据句子结构,此处考查固定搭配“be+形容词+enough+to do sth”,根据句意和汉语提示,设空处缺“在事故中免于难”,可表达为动词短语survive the accident,survive为及物动词,此处用动词原形。故填survive the accident。
语法填空
41、Many houses ____________(destroy) and worse still, many people were injured or some even killed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:were destroyed
考查动词语态。句意:许多房屋被毁,更糟的是,许多人受伤,甚至一些人死亡。destroy与主语Many houses是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,由many people were injured or some even killed可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时,主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were destroyed。
42、—Do you have any plans for the summer break?
—Not really. I think I am just staying at home ________ (read) some books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:reading
考查非谓语动词。句意:——你这个暑假有什么计划吗?——真的没有。我想我只会是待在家里,看一些书。分析句子可知,“ I am just staying at home ① (read) some books. ”为宾语从句,“think”为主句的谓语;在宾语从句中,stay为谓语,所以 read some books 在句中做状语,要使用非谓语动词,I和read是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填reading。
43、They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。空处引导定语从句先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
44、Those _______ have gained fame become well-known. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查限制性定语从句。句意:那些获得了名声的人变得家喻户晓。分析句子可知,空处引导一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,指人,在从句中充当主语,用关系代词who来引导。故填who。
45、What followed was a ________(summarise)of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:summary
考查名词。句意:接下来是对这一天的总结,充满了爱或恨等强烈的感觉。根据句意和空格前的冠词a以及所给动词summarize可知,空格处应该填入可数名词summary的单数形式作表语。故填summary。
46、___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:Suffering##Having suffered
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于视力不好,他无法再正常地阅读。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作状语,suffer from与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,结合语意可知,此处意为“遭受到”或“已遭受到”,故此处可用现在分词的一般式或现在分词的完成式,故此处应填suffering或者having suffered。故填Suffering或Having suffered。
47、Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information_________ you need to know. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:只有当你问许多不同的问题时,你才能知道你需要知道的所有信息。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词information前有all修饰,关系代词只能用that。故填that。
48、To our shock, the plane lost track of the airport and then crashed with no one_______(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:surviving
考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们震惊的是,飞机与机场失去了联系,然后坠毁了,无人生还。此处是with复合结构,no one与survive是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动,作宾语补足语。故填surviving。
49、He walked slowly, his hands________(bury)in his pockets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:buried
考查非谓语动词。句意:他慢慢地走着,双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知,句子为独立主格结构。bury与his hands之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。故填buried。
50、The detective promised to sweep _________ all the crimes, which was very exciting. (用适当的词填空)
答案:away
考查动词短语。句意:侦探答应肃清所有的犯罪活动,这是非常令人兴奋的。结合“which was very exciting”可知,此处考查动词短语sweep away“消灭,彻底消除”,故填away。
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