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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters重点易错题
单选题
1、We study in a classroom ______ windows face to the south.
A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句,先行词为a classroom,关系词在从句中充当定语成分,表示the classroom's,应用whose。故选A项。
2、As is often suggested, we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means of ______.
A.forceB.strengthC.powerD.energy
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如人们经常建议的那样,我们应该尝试用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。A. force武力;B. strength力量,优势;C. power权力;D. energy精力。根据“ in a peaceful way”和“rather than”可知,此处表示用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。故选A。
3、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
4、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
5、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
6、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
7、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
8、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
9、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作to的宾语,the same…as…(和……一样),句中应由as引导定语从句。故选D项。
10、I can never understand the reason _______ he explained to me.
A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我不明白他向我解释的原因。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词reason在从句中充当explain的宾语,应用关系代词which/that,故选B项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:reason
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句_______ he explained to me中充当宾语,应用关系代词which/that
3 .考虑特殊情况:无
故选B项。
11、The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A.containing; whereB.to contain; whichC.containing; /D.to contain; that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系,应用现在分词containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that/which,也可省略。故选C项。
12、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
13、Playing football is so fun that it ________millions of people.
A.attractsB.exploresC.remindsD.survives
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:踢足球很有趣,它吸引了数百万人。A. attracts吸引;B. explores探索;C. reminds提醒;D. survives幸存。根据空前“Playing football is so fun”可知,因为踢足球有趣,所以吸引了数百万人。故选A。
14、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
15、In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。
16、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
17、【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A.whichB.who
C.asD.that
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
19、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
20、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
21、One day, an idea ________ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.
A.struckB.beatC.occurredD.recalled
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A. struck击打,突然想到;B. beat打败;C. occurred出现,(想法)产生;D. recalled回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到……”的含义,需要用到sth. strikes sb.或sth. occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选A项。
22、He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:他买了一幢新楼,它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句,先行词是building,_____top is different from those of the others around是定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作top的定语,指楼的顶部,用关系代词whose引导。故选D。
23、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
24、A real friend is someone_____support we can count on.
A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.who
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_____support we can count on是一个定语从句,先行词是someone,从句当中的support前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有whose。故选A。
25、The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.of which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作定语,和coat是所属关系,应用whose引导。故选B项。
26、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
27、From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
28、Matter is anything ______.
A.that take up space and have weightB.which take up space and have weight
C.that takes up space and has weightD.those take up space and have weight
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:物质是任何占据空间并有重量的东西。分析句子结构可知,anything后跟定语从句,anything是不定代词,其后的关系代词只能用that不能用which,因此排除选项B和D,that指代先行词anything,是不定代词,由is可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此其后谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此空格处是that takes up space and has weight,故选C。
29、After several ______ to climb Qomolangma, he finally reached the top of it.
A.attemptsB.attacksC.chaptersD.disasters
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试,他终于登上了山顶。A. attempts尝试;B. attacks攻击;C. chapters(书的)章,篇,回;D. disasters灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知,他最终到达顶峰,所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选A项。
30、The new law has come into ______________ and it will surely ______________ the industry of the country.
A.affect; effectB.effect; effect
C.affect; affectD.effect; affect
答案:D
考查effect和affect的用法。句意:新法律已经生效,它肯定会影响这个国家的工业。come into effect为固定搭配,意为"生效,开始实施";affect"影响";effect作名词讲时,表示"作用,影响";作动词讲时,表示"实现"。第二空助动词will后用动词原形affect,根据句意和分析句子成分可知,D项正确。故选D。
完成句子
31、一句多译
令全世界震惊的是,这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。
1 .________ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-off. (主语从句)
2 .The plane crashed just minutes after take-off, ________.(定语从句)
答案: What shocked the world which shocked the world
1 .考查主语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人……是”,应该用连接代词what引导这个主语从句;根据后面的was,主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为What shocked the world。
2 .考查定语从句。“令……震惊”应该翻译为shock,根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”,要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机坠毁”这件事,并且引导非限制性定语从句,只能用which;根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时,从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为which shocked the world。
32、看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。
It looks ________ our team is going to win the game.
答案:as if
考查连词。as if表示好像,位于系动词look后,引导表语从句。故填as if。
33、医生给我听胸部时,叫我吸气。
The doctor made me__________ while he listened to my chest. (breathe)
答案:breathe in
考查动词短语固定搭配。根据句子翻译,题干中缺少吸气的意思,breathe in “吸入,吸气”,符合题意,横线前面是使役动词make,这里是make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,后面是动词原形做宾补。故填breathe in。
34、________(万一遇到紧急情况), break the glass and press the button. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案:In case of emergency
考查介词短语。句意:万一遇到紧急情况,击碎玻璃按下按钮。表示“万一”用介词短语in case of,后接名词;“紧急情况”用名词emergency表示,在表示紧急情况的时候emergency为不可数名词;句首单词首字母要用大写。故填In case of emergency。
35、He treats the poor girl________(好像她就是他自己的女儿). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
答案:as if she were his own daughter
考查方式状语从句。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查表示“好像”的意思的连词as if引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构。根据主句谓语“treats”可知,这是表示对现在情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语要用一般过去式,be动词时要用were。表示“他自己的女儿”应用名词短语his own daughter。故填as if she were his own daughter。
36、去年他饱受饥寒交迫之苦。
He________ ________ ________ ________ ________cold and hunger last year.
答案: suffered a great deal from
考查短语。表示“受……之苦”短语为suffer from;“饱受”表示程度,用a great deal修饰。根据last year可知,此事是去年发生,用一般过去时。故填suffered a great deal from。
37、随时都有急诊服务,并提供医疗咨询。
The emergency services were ____________ with medical advice.
答案:on hand
考查固定短语。根据句意可知此处需要表达“随时,在手边”,是固定短语on hand。故填on hand。
38、那座桥有200米长。
________________ the bridge is 200 metres.
答案:The length of
考查名词。根据句意可知,“长”译为“ length ”在句子中做主语。此处表示“桥的长度”,故译为“the length of the bridge”。故填the length of。
39、这位老妇人在儿子去世后遭受了巨大的痛苦。
The old lady________ ________ ________after her son died.
答案: suffered great pain
考查时态、形容词和名词。结合从句谓语died可知,本句时态用一般过去时,表示“遭受”可用动词suffer,且用动词的过去式形式suffered;表示“巨大的”可用形容词great作定语;表示“痛苦”可用名词pain作宾语。故答案为①suffered②great③pain。
40、It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(as if句型)
They looked at me as if I _______________.他们看着我,就像我已经知道了真相一样。
答案:had known the truth already
考查虚拟语气。“知道真相”应用know the truth,分析句子结构可知,本句为as if引导的虚拟方式状语从句,表示与过去的事实相反,使用过去完成时,“已经”表达为already。故填had known the truth already。
语法填空
41、In the area one out of three residents________(affect)by this quake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was affected
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在这个地区,三分之一的居民受到了这次地震的影响。分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分,句子的主语one out of three residents和动词affect之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动语态;one of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词和one保持数的一致;根据句意,句子应该用一般过去时。故填was affected。
42、Many westerners ________ came to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查定语从句。句意:许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多便宜,就会比在自己的国家做饭少得多。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,指人,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词that/who。故填that/who。
43、After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from ________ (damage). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:being damaged
考查非谓语动词。句意:在他退休之后,老人尽其所能去保护旧庙不被损坏。固定短语protect...from doing“使……免受,保护”,the old temple与damage是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,因此使用动名词的被动式。故填being damaged。
44、What differed from the previous case was that the suspect________(destroy)the database and the corresponding data. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had destroyed
考查过去完成时。句意:与前一案件不同的是,嫌疑犯已经销毁了数据库和相应的数据。分析句子可知,空处为表语从句的谓语,结合句意可知,destory的动作在主句动作was之前已经完成了,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时,the suspect与destory之间为主动关系,所以应用过去完成时的主动语态。故填had destoryed。
45、When I stopped playing and looked up, I was ____________(shock) to see a small crowed around us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:shocked
考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词。句意:当我停止演奏并抬起头来时,我惊讶地看到一小群人围着我们。修饰形容人用-ed形容词,修饰形容物用-ing形容词,此处用-ed形容词shocked说明主语人I的状态,作表语。故填shocked。
46、I was shocked ______(hear) that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:to hear
考查不定式。句意:听说科比和他的女儿在那次可怕的空难中丧生,我很震惊。根据“be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊”用法可知,该空应填不定式to hear做原因状语。故填to hear。
47、Rescuers found victims ________ (trap) several feet underground. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:trapped
考查非谓语动词。句意:救援人员发现有受害者被困在地下几英尺的地方。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词形式,因victims和trap为被动关系,故填非谓语动词中过去分词形式。故填trapped。
48、The suggestion ________ he came up with is practical. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##which##不填
考查定语从句。句意:他提出的建议很实际。“_________ he came up with”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the suggestion,指物,且从句缺少宾语,应用that或which来引导,此处也可以省略关系代词,故填that/which/不填。
49、A committee is a group of people _______ meet to make decisions or plans for other people. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who##that
考查定语从句。句意:委员会是一群开会为其他人做决定或计划的人。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词people,指人,在定语从句中作主语,空格处应该填入关系代词who/that。故填who或that。
50、He got up late and hurried to his office, ________ (leave) the breakfast untouched. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:leaving
考查现在分词做状语。句意:他起得很晚,匆匆赶到办公室,早餐还没动。固定短语:leave sth.undone某事没有被做。分析句子可知,本句的谓语为get up和hurry,所以动词leave要用非谓语,主语he和leave为主谓关系,所以leave用现在分词作结果状语,表示理所应当的结果。故填leaving。
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