初中英语语法专题---数词.doc

初中英语语法专题数词数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1、掌握基数词的读法及用法2、掌握序数词的变化及用法3、掌握数词的复数形式，了解分数、小数、百分数的表示方法4、掌握年月份的表示方法。5、理解数词的某些特殊用法，如：hundreds of，1980s等。考点知识测练1. Womens Day comes in the _ month of the year.(three)2. She spent four _ dollars on the new house. It is so expensive.(million)3. Im twenty-eight this year. So next year will be my_ birthday.(twenty-nine)4. There are _ seconds in a minutes.(sixtieth)5. -Which is the _ day of a week, Thursday or Friday?(five) - Thursday, of course.一、 数词的分类1、基数词百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and101 a hundred and one320 three hundred and twenty千位以上从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four约数基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hallThere are three hundred people in the hallThey went to the theatre in twos and threes表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多岁时成为了教授。It was in the 1960s那是在二十世纪六十年代。2. 序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式：A从第一至第十九其中，one first， two second， three third， five fifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelve twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six sixth、nineteen nineteenthB从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六C第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th twenty-third23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，“又”。Well go over it a second time我们得再念第二遍。Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。the first lessonLesson Onethe twenty-first roomRoom 21（twenty-one）二、 数词的用法1、时刻表示法A. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的oclock5:00 读作 five oclock 或 fiveB. 表示几点过几分，在分钟后加past，再加小时five past seven 七点过五分C. 表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加to，再加小时ten to eight 差十分八点（七点五十分）a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点（十一点四十五分）在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。10:26读作 ten twenty-six注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。2、倍数表示法A. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。B. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。C. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。D. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。三、年月表示法A. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪the 1600s 十七世纪这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。B. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世纪三十年代C. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期D. 年月日表示法(1)年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 读作 eighteen hundred表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。(2). 月份，在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：in May在五月； in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan一月 FebruaryFeb二月MarchMar. 三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。(3)日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct. 1.国庆节是十月一日。（读作 October the first）此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October(4). 表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词in表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning，afternoon，evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。On a cold morning，the old man died lonely in his house在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。I dont want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。四、加减乘除表示法1. “加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three?2+3=5 Two plus three is five Two and three is equal to five Two and three makes five Two added to three equals five If we add two to/and three, we get five2. “减”用 minus或 take from表示106?How much is ten minus six?10-6=4 Ten minus six is four Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four3. “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示3*4? How much is three times four?3*4=12 Three times four is twelve Multiply three by four，we get twelve Three multiplied by four makes twelve4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示164=? How much is sixteen divided by four?1644 Sixteen divided by four is four Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four五、分数表示法1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third1/2 a half2. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）六 、小数表示法1. 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或o，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七2. 当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨l.5 tons 一点五吨七、百分数表示法百分数用基数percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式八、数量表示法1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter，feet，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词（length， width， height， weight等）表示。Two-meter-long 作定语two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高。2. 表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes walk步行五分钟（的距离）Its an hours ride from my hometown to our university从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。3. 表示温度时，用below zero表示零下温度，温度用基数词+degree（s）+单位词（centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏）表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36 摄氏 36度four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4 摄氏零下4度这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时，可以省略。You are 37（读作 thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（摄氏）4. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。Its a five-minute walk from the library to the playground从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。Shes a sixteen-year-old girl她是个十六岁的女孩。 数词练习题 1. I think _ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam_ easy.A.two thirds, is B.second three, are C.two thirds, areD.two third, are2. He became a famous writer when he was_.A. in his fifty B. in his fifties C. in fifty years old D. in fifties3. -How much does it cost to build the school library?-Four _ YuanAmillion Bmillions Cmillions of Dmillion of4、About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _.A. two-thirds, 1970 B. two-thirds, 1970s C. two-third,1970 D. two-third, 1970s5、Each of us has to write a report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words6、Today is my mothers _ birthday. I will buy her a gift.A. fourteenB. fourteenthC. fortyD. fortieth7、There is a wrong word in line _. Where? In the _ line. A. two; two B. two; second C. second; two D. second; second 8、Enshi is becoming a tourist city. _ people come here during theholidays every year.A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands of D. Five thousands9、The road is over _ metres long Asix hundred and fifty-two B six hundreds and fifty-two Csix hundred，fifty-two Dsix hundred，fifty and two 10、My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one11、 Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third12、You can have _ try if you fail _ time.A.the second,the first B.a second,a first C.the second,a first D.a second,the first13.How many pencils would you like,Madame?Well,I want_of these.A.three dozen B.three dozen of C.three dozens D.three dozens of14. _ of the land in the district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths, are15.Would you please find a world map which is drawn to a scale of _ .Yes,sir. Here you are.A.one out of ten thousand B.one in ten thousandsC.one to ten thousand D.one of ten thousands16Whats the date today?A. Its May 1st. B. Its Sunday.C. Its morning. D. Its 12 oclock. 17. Maria plays the piano for _ every day.A. one and half hours B. a half and an hourC. an hour and half D. one and a half hours.18. Youll have to spend _writing your report here.A. one day or two days B. one day or twoC. a day or two D. two days or one19. He cut the cake_.A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half20. The earth is nearly_the moon. A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of21. _of the population here are peasants. A. 20 percents B. 20 percentC. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents22. She moved to Beijing _ .A. at her thirties B. in the thirty C. in her thirties D. on her thirties23. It took me _ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft dozens D. half dozen24. This classroom is _ ours.A. three times big as B. as three times big asC. three times as big as C. as big three times as25. Dont leave you work, _ .A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half26. You can find him in_ .A. Room 201B.201 RoomC. the Room 20D. the 201 Room27. Its_walk from here to my school.A. two - hoursB. two hoursC. two - hourD. a two hour28. Lincoln was born on_.A. February 12,1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12 29. It took tom _to finish the homework last nightAthree hour and a half B.a half and three hourC. three and a half hours D half a three hours30.-How often do you go back to your hometown？ -_two years.A.Every B.Each C.In D.For第7页，共7页