初中英语介词用法全.doc

实用文档初中阶段介词用法汇编一、表示时间的介词：1、at、on、in“at时间点，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相连”就是说，有具体的时间点的时候用at，具体那一天用on，说到月份，季节，年份，就用in ；而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候，也是用in XX（color）】at用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前在五点钟_在中午_在夜晚_在圣诞节_在午夜_【答案】at five oclock at noon at night at Christmas at midnight(2)on用在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前在国庆节_在周二晚上_在星期天_【答案】on National Day on Tuesday evening on Sunday(3)in用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前在一周内_在五月_在夏季_在2009年_在下午_【答案】in a week in may in summer in 2009 in the afternoon归纳总结在初中阶段常见的固定短语in English用英语 in a minute一会儿、立刻 in a short while一会儿、不久in a hurry匆匆忙忙 in danger在危险中 in full全部地、详细地in a word一句话 in all总共 in every case不管怎样in the end最后 in spite of尽管 in person亲自in fact事实上 in good health身体健康的 in front of在前面in some ways在某些方面 in common共同的 in public当众考题再现：-Who was the first man with A(h1n1) flu in mainland China know for sure? -_May 11,2009. A In B On C For D Since【答案】B 【解析】在具体的某一天用on2、before、afterbefore表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”，after用在时刻或某件事之后。We must leave _.八点钟之前我们必须离开。（before 8 oclock）_breakfast ,he hurried to school.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了。（After）考题再现：When the school biulding began to shake,the teachers ran downstdirs _all the students.The teachers are real hero. A .after B .with C .befor【答案】A 【解析】after“在之后”，with“与一起”，before“在之前”。老师们是英雄，说明老师们在地震后跑在了学生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在之前，到为止”You must hand in your homework _nine oclock.你必须在9点前交上家庭作业。（by）（2）till与until都有“直到”或“直到为止”之意，till多用于口语，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句时，主句中动词的动作一致延续到till或until后的时间为止；till和until用于否定句时，主句中的动词是瞬间动作，它的动作要到till或until后的时间才发生。Eg：He can not be back _January.直到一月份他才回来。（till/until）We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我们一直等到10点钟。（till/until）4、since, for Since 和for后接时间都可用于完成时，表示某一动作“延续了一段时间”。而for后跟“时间段”，since后接时间点，常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。（1） The Green family have been in China _four years.格林一家在中国已经四年了。（2） Hes been here _ two years ago.他来这儿已经两年了。【答案】（1）for （2）since5、in ，after 两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意，但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起，常用语将来时态；而“after+时间段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起，多用于过去式。Eg：（1）I will finish the work _two hours.两个小时后我将完成这项工作。（2）He returned his hometown _half an year.半年后他返回了他的故乡。【答案】（1）in （2）after【考题再现】No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .at B. for C.in D. by【答案】C【解析】在将来时中，in用在一段时间之前，表示在一段时间之后。故选C6、during，through（1）during意为“在一段时间内”的行为或状态，与一段时间的整体连用。如：during the winter，during yesterday等，也可以喝表示延续性事件的名词连用，如：during our stay，during my visit等。一般不用在现在完成时的句子里。Eg：I made many good friends_my visit to China.我在中国参观期间交了很多好朋友。Theres too much wind in the north _the spring.春季北方的风很多。【答案】（1）during （2）during（2） through表示“从开始到结束的全过程”。Eg Its very hot_the whole summer this year.全年整个夏季都很热。 We work from Monday _Sunday.从周一到周日我们都在上班。【答案】throgh throgh二、表示地点的介词：表示方位的介词：in、on、toIn表示“在内”，on表示“与相邻”，to表示“在之外，又不相邻”A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B.B is to the east of A. 【考题再现】Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fujian. A.in B.on C.to 【解析】在表示方位时，in表在内部，on表相邻，to表在外部，又不相邻。台湾在附件的外部，与福建隔海相望。故选 C2、表示“在之上或之下”的介词（1）on、over、above表示“在之上”。On表示接触的上方，over表示不接触的正上方，above表示不接触的斜上方。Eg： My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的铅笔盒在李磊的课桌上。（on） There is a bridge _ the river.河上有座桥。（over） The plane is flying _ the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。（above）（2）bneath、under、below都有“在之下”之意。Beneath是on的反义词，表示接触的下方；under是over的反义词，表示不接触的正下方；below是above的反义词，表示不垂直且不与表面接触的下方。Eg：Please do not write _this line.请不要写在这条线的下面。（below） The boy find his lost knife _a pile of leaves.那男孩在一堆树叶下发现了他丢失的小。（beneath） The water flows _the bridge.水在桥下流过。（under）【考题再现】The weather report said that the temperature would fell _(在下面)zero.【答案】below 【解析】“在下面”可用below或under，表示在温度的上方或下方用above（上）或 Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介词：at、in、onat表示较小的地点，in表示较大的地方，on表示在一个平面上。Eg：_ Shanghai._ home._ ground.【答案】 in at on【考题再现】Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to 【答案】 C【解析】arrive后接两个介词in或at，at接小地方，in接大地方。北京是大地方，故选C。4、表示“前、后”的介词in front of ，in the front of，before 表示“在之前” in front of = before表示“在某一范围之外的前面” in the front of表示“在某一范围之内的前部” eg：Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom.汤姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。（in the front Of）There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大树。（in front of/before）at the back of,behind,after三者均有“在之后”之意，at the back of是in the front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之内的后部”，behind是in front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之外的后面”，After可与behind互换，也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。Eg：The couples are walking _their son.这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。（after）Your cat is hinding _the tree.你的猫躲在树后面。（behind）Theres a blackboard _the classroom.教室后面有块黑板。（at the back of）【考题再现】There is a bank _（在后面）the bus station.【答案】behind【解析】在某一物体外部的后面，用介词behind5、表示“里外”的介词in表示“在内”，有静止之意，inside表示“在里面”、“到里面”，强调“以为界”之意， into表示动作的方向，意为“到内”。 Eg： My wallet is _the closet.我的钱包在衣柜里。（in） The boy rushed _ the house.这个男孩冲进房子。（into） He was reading English _the door.他在家里读英语。（inside）【考题再现】The school days are busy enough,yet the taylors try to fit as much as possible _their kids lives.A. in B. into C. on D. at【答案】B 【解析】fit into是固定短语。outside是inside的反义词，表示“在外面”，out of 是into的反义词，表示“到外”。 Eg：Dont look _the window when you are in class.上课时不要想窗外看。（out of）They are having an important meeting ,please wait _ the office.他们正在召开一个重要的会议，请在办公室外边等候。（outside）三、其他介词1、表示材料与手段的介词：with,by,inwith表示用什么工具，所用的东西都是具体的物。 Eg： We see _our eyes and hear _ears.我们用眼看，用耳听。（with,with）by指“靠手段”，“用方法”，“凭借动作”，所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象，后接名词、代 词或动名词，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名词连用。 Eg： He earns his living _writing.他靠写作谋生。（by） I shall contact you _telephone.我将打电话和你联系。（by） I will travel to Hainan _ air.我将乘飞机去海南。（by）【考题再现】Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D.with【答案】B 【解析】by后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过某种途径。in表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等” eg： They are talking _Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。（in） The boy always _a blue heat.男孩常带一顶蓝帽。（in） I like to draw picture _red ink.我喜欢用红墨水画画。（in）【考题再现】Betly lets make a cake _some flour,sugar,butter and milk. A. at B. of C. in D. with【答案】D 【解析】根据句意“Betly让我们用面粉、糖、黄油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介词为用，With指工具或材料，故选D。2、of,from,aboutOf表示“属于的”，表示数量或种类；from表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自；about“关于”、“大约、左右”等。 Eg：The old man sit here _morning.从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。（from）Wang Hong is a friend _mine.王红是我的一位朋友。（of）I know nothing _him.我对他一无所知。（about）There are _fifty people in the room.房间里大约有50人。（about）Here is a cup _tea for you.给你一杯茶。（of）These visitors are all _American.这些游客都来自美国。（from）【考题再现】I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony.【答案】D 【解析】be from意为“来自”，表明主语的出处。四、几个已混介词的用法辨析1、between,amongbetween指“两者之间”包括两个以上的人或物中两两之间。among指三者或三者以上的中间。 Eg：My school is _the post office and the hospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。（between）I found him _the crowd.我从人群中发现了他。（among）【考题再现】You must ride your bike _the right side of road. A. at B. on C. in D.for 【答案】B 【解析】在左/右要用介词on2、across,throughAcross的含义与on有关，表示某一动作在某一物体的表面进行，其意思为“横过”，用来表示出于或到达一条线、一条河或一条道路的另一侧。through的含义与in有关，表示动作发生在立体空间，是从内部穿过。常用来表示穿过洞形、筒形或类似的封闭物体到达另一端。 Eg：He walked _the forest.他穿过了森林。（through）We walked _the road.我们横穿马路。（across）【考题再现】Lets go _the road.The shop is _the other side. A.across,on B.cross,on C.through,in D.between,on【答案】A 【解析】across与cross表示横穿，常用来穿街道、马路等；through表示从内部穿过，常用来穿森林、隧道等。3、beside，except，but三词都有“除之外”之意，但beside表“除之外，还有”，指整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；Except和but都表示从整体中除去部分，常可换用，但but着重在整体，常用在on，all，nobody，where，Who等词后，except不受此限，且着重在除去的部分。 Eg：Im free every day_today.除了今天我每天都有空。（except）Therere many rivers in China _the Changjiang and Huanghue.中国除了长江和黄河外还有许多河流。（beside）Who _ Steve would do such a thing.除了史蒂芬谁还会干这种事。（but）【考题再现】Mr. Lin gave the textbook to all the students_the ones who had already taken Them. A. except B.including C.among D.with 【答案】A【解析】except表示“排除在外”，即把其后的宾语排除在发生的范围之外。五、含有介词的固定搭配1、介词与动词do well in在某方面做的好do with处置agree with sb.同意某人begin with以开始laugh at嘲笑help with在方面帮助leave for动身去某地catch up with赶上get on/a long with与相处arrive in/at到达makefriend with与交朋友take care of照顾、照料look at看listen to听hear from听说look for寻找turn on/off打开/关上send for派人去请look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for为付钱lookover检查depend on依赖、依靠wait for等候fill with充满ask for要，要求【考题再现】What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it. A.for,to B.about,for C.with,for D.with,to【答案】C 【解析】本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。do with意为“处置”、“对付”，pay for“为付钱”2、介词和形容词的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.对某人感到满意be weak in在某方面差be good/bad for对有益/有害be late for迟到be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因而生气be made of由制成be angry at sb.生某人的气be good at在方面做的好be full of充满be different from与不同be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格be proud of以为荣【考题再现】We must be strict _ourselves and strict_our work. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 【答案】B【解析】本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语。be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”，对 某事要求严格在strict后面接in3、介词与名词搭配in time及时at work在工作on time按时in fact事实上at home在家at once马上at night晚上in trouble处于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在阳光下一、介词按其构成可分为：1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如：Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如：She is out of school. 她毕业了。3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如：Im from out of town. 我是从城外来的。4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如：I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。二、介词的作用：1. 表示地点： after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如：Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。2. 表示时间： about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如：After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。3. 表示动作： at, across, around, on, over, under等。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。4. 表示比较： as, like, above, over, with等。如：She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比，汉语难得多。5. 表示原因： about, for, from, with等。如：Dont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。6. 表示条件： to, with, without等。如：Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。7. 表示手段、方式： as, by, in, with等。如：He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。8. 表示距离、数量： from, in, within等。如：My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。9. 表示目的： as, for等。如：I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。Its time for class. 到上课的时间了。10. 表示让步： for, with等。如：For all his effort, he didnt succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。for还可以引导插入语，例如：I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。初中英语介词专项练习题( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year3( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.A. In B. On C. At D. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in4( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . .A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996.A.on B. of C. to, D. in( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992.A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on5( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock. A. at B. on C. during D. in6( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; withoutC. about; having D. for; without( ) 2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for