语篇强化训练(有答案)1.doc

A
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
　　Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.
　　These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.
　　It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
　　Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?
　　A) She serves as a role model for African women.
　　B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.
　　C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.
　　D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.
58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?
　　A) They are victims of violence.
　　B) They are of an inferior social group.
　　C) They use quite a lot of body language.
　　D) They live on charity and social welfare.
59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?
　　A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.
　　B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.
　　C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.
　　D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.
60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?
　　A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,
　　B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.
　　C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.
　　D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.
61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?
　　A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.
　　B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.
　　C) Outshine previous First Lady. D) Fully display her fine qualities.
B
When next year’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2017, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in America.
　　Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
　　The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget. “We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
　　Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
　　In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
　　Of course, fund-raising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.
62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?
　　A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
　　B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.
　　C) American universities are enrolling more international students.
　　D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.
63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?
　　A) The political correctness.来源　 　B) Their ability to raise funds.
　　C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.
64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?
　　A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.
　　B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.
　　C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.
　　D) Most of their revenues come from the government.
65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.
　　A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
　　C) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status
66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?
A. They can enhance the university’s image. B. They will bring with them more international faculty.
C. They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D. They can set up new academic disciplines.
C
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
57. By “a one-way street” (Para. 1), the author means ________.
　　[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world
　　[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia
　　[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
　　[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research
58. The word “deterrent” ( Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
　　[A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people’s attention
　　[B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden
59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
　　[A] Flexible work hours. [C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
　　[B] Her research interests. [D] Prospects of academic accomplishments.
60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
　　[A] do financially more rewarding work
　　[B] raise his status in the academic world
　　[C] enrich his experience in medical research
　　[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities
61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
　　[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.
　　[B] Develop its students’ potential in research.
　　[C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
　　[D] Gear its research towards practical applications.
D
　Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
　　Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favor marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
　　So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
　　A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
　 [A] social life provides an effective cure for illness
[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
　　[C] women benefit more than men from marriage
　　[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
63. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.
　　[A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
[B] marriage can help make up for ill health
　　[C] the married are happier than the unmarried
[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.
　　[A] the disadvantages of being married [B] the emotional problems arising from marriage
　　[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
　　[D] the consequence of a broken marriage
65. What does the author say about social networks?
A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage. B. They help develop people’s community spirit.
C. They provide timely support for those in need. D. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
　　[A] It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
　　[B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
　　[C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
　　[D] We should share our social networks with each other.来源
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