高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题改.ppt

1.Letsspotthedifferences2.英语专题Strategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)3.推理判断题推理判断题 猜测词义题猜测词义题阅读四大题型阅读四大题型事实细节题事实细节题主旨大意题主旨大意题4.高考英语阅读理解题考查方式是非题是非题年代与数字考点年代与数字考点WhWh-题题 (who,what,whenwho,what,when,where,why,howwhere,why,how)5.高考阅读考查细节理解题：高考阅读考查细节理解题：2013年年5题题2014年年8题题2015年年11题题6.1、细节题的题干分析、细节题的题干分析2、细节题解题方法、细节题解题方法教学内容教学内容7.分析往年试卷卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？60.HowdidPercivalfeelduringhismeetingwithLaura?(12)50.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?(08)63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?(12)57.When did Tanni win her first Olympicgoldmedal?(08)72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?(09)事件事件人物人物方式方式时间时间因果因果8.In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronze inthe400metres.Even greater success followed at the1992Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanniwongoldin the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.时间时间57.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?A.In1984.B.In1988.C.In1992.D.In20079.事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what 和和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _、_、_、_、_和和 _。时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 S summary 题干分析10.1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：11.题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：12.Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.原因原因72.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth_同同义义词词13.三大法宝：三大法宝：顺序原则顺序原则二、二、细节理解解题方法细节理解解题方法定位词定位词排除法排除法14.(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则、把握解题的顺序原则 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly,The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning.Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living things release(释放)poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.They are often added to food while it is being grown,processed,or prepaid.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.These include51题答案52 53题答案53题答案53题答案15.certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing.Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water.If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则、把握解题的顺序原则54题答案16.二、通过定位词寻找出题点二、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等17.(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidntthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.TuesdaysDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.二、通过定位词寻找出题点二、通过定位词寻找出题点18.Q:Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?A.David Anderson B.A passer-by C.His girlfriend D.A taxi driver技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。1 wh-细节题细节题19.定位词的转换形式：定位词的转换形式：a.同义改写同义改写WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.sick20.WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,IwasashamedofmymothersChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.41.Whywastheauthorsmotherpoorlyserved?A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.21.But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _ Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks22.b.转变词性与结构转变词性与结构:Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some potential than others,are that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius,he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.66.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community23.Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet,she went everywhere with us.People would stop and ask if they could pet her.Of course shed let anyone pet her.She was just the most lovable dog.There were many times when wed be out walking and a small child would come over and pull pm her hair.she never barked(吠)or tried to get away.Funny thing is she would smile.This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth.Far from the truth,she lovely everyone.44.Some people got frightened by Brownie when she_.A.smiled B.barked C.rushed to them D.tried to be funny24.(三三)、排除法、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。【2010江苏】68.According to the passage,the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .A.technical issues B.safety of the systemC.financial problems D.maintenance of railway tracks25.a张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。（2）错误选项的特征）错误选项的特征Other early surnames came from peoples occupations.The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.In the past,smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are:Carter a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter a person who made pots and pans.57.According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.A.owned or drove a cart B.made things with metals C.made kitchen tools or contains D.built houses and furniture26.48.What do we know about Jarolim from the text?AShe is successful in her job BShe finds her life full of stresses CShe spends half of her time traveling DShe is especially interested in museumsb.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。27.Readingmaterial2Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.2 是是非题非题28.QWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.Passage2 技巧：排除法技巧：排除法以偏概全三正一误三正一误Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.29.Reading material 3 The human body is a living machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows different,as the chart shows CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600练习题30.Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.文章【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=2753 计算题计算题根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C C 符合图表内容。4 图表题图表题31.Backinthefifteenthcentury,inatinyvillagenearNuremberg,livedafamilywitheighteenchildrenInspiteofthehopelesscondition,twoofthechildren,AlbrechtDurerandAlbert,hadadreamTheybothwantedtopursuetheirtalentforartAftermanylongdiscussions,thetwoboysfinallyworkedoutanagreementTheywouldtossacoinTheloserwouldgodownintothenearbyminesand,withhisearnings,supporthisbrotherwhoattendedtheacademyThen,whenthatbrotherwhowonthetosscompletedhisstudies,infouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherattheacademyTossingacoin,AlbrechtDurerwonandwentofftoNurembergAlbertwentdownintothedangerousminesand,forthenextfouryears,supportedhisbrother,whoseworkattheacademywasalmostanimmediatesensation（轰动）Bythetimehegraduated,hehadearnedconsiderablefeesforhisoutstandingworksWhentheyoungartistreturnedtohisvillage,theDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnertocelebratelbrechtstriumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrechtdrankatoasttohisbelovedbrotherfortheyearsofsacrificethathadenabledhimtocompletehisdream“Andnow,Albert,blessedbrotherofmine,nowitisyourturnNowyoucangotoNurembergtolookforyourdream,andIwilltakecareofyou”ToshowthankstoAlbertforallthathehadsacrificed,AlbrechtDurerpainstakinglydrewhisbrothersinjuredhandswithpalmstogetherandthinfingersstretchedskywardHecalledhispowerfuldrawingsimply“Hands”,buttheentireworldalmostimmediatelyopenedtheirheartstohisgreatmasterpieceandrenamedit“ThePrayingHands”Reading material 432.Q1Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthestory？aAlbrechtwenttoNurembergbAlbertsupportedhisbrothercTheDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnerdAlbrechtdrewhisbrothersinjuredhandseThebrotherstossedacoinAb,a,c,d,eBa,e,c,d,bCe,a,c,b,d De,a,b,c,d_解题思路：先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案5 排序题排序题33.细节题类型细节题类型1wh1wh细节题细节题2 2 是非题是非题3 3 计算题计算题4 4 图表题图表题5 5 排序题排序题 6 6 其它题其它题 summary34.有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝对，肯定绝对，肯定”(要留意选要留意选项中诸如项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,never,completely,definitely等等词词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等名、地名、时间等张冠李戴张冠李戴，误串，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”：35._明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存正误并存扩大扩大(缩小缩小)范围范围偷换概念偷换概念以偏概全以偏概全无中生有无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问答非所问36.&Practice makes perfect!No way in the world is the best but yours.37.2012年C篇Finally,acellphoneThats.aphoneWithratesaslowas$3.75perweek!“Well,Ifinallydidit.Ifinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetacellphone.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecellphonestore,Ialmostchangedmymind.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersandaglobal-positioningsomethingorotherthatssupposedtospotmefromspace.Goodness,allIwanttodoistobeabletotalktomygrandkids!Thepeopleatthestorewerentmuchhelp.Theycouldntunderstandwhysomeonewouldntwantaphonethesizeofapostagestamp.Andtherateplans!Theywereconfusing,andexpensive.andthecontract(合同）lastedfortwoyears!IdalmostgivenupuntilafriendtoldmeabouthernewJitterbugphone.Now,Ihavetheconvenienceandsafetyofbeingabouttostayintouch-withaphoneIcanactuallyuse.”FriendlyReturnPolicy30days30daysCallnowandreceiveaFREEgiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudontloveit,justreturnit!Whywait,theJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.IfyouarentashappywithitasIam,youcanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.Callnow,theJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call1-888-809-.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessFREEFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeNo Friendly Return Policy30 days30 days38.2012福建高考卷福建高考卷A篇篇短文长度：短文长度：398个词。个词。本文作者以自己的亲身经历本文作者以自己的亲身经历引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、资费标准及购买方式，实质上本资费标准及购买方式，实质上本文是一则广告。文是一则广告。39.63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.2012年福建高考题阅读C篇事件事件计算计算细节事实细节事实40.63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonealespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.2012年福建高考题阅读A篇Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.答非所问偷换概念答非所问41.64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99D.$19.992012年福建高考题阅读C篇Monthly Minutes 50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.9919.99419.99442.65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.its“global-positioning”systemwith911accessD.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworld2012年福建高考题阅读C篇原文定位细节分析细节分析正误并存正误并存AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign(签订）！_43.选项选项In terms of the answers1 1 正误并存正误并存2 2 扩大扩大 缩小范围缩小范围3 3 偷换概念偷换概念4 4 以偏概全以偏概全5 5 无中生有无中生有6 6 答非所问答非所问细细节节理理解解summary44.1 1，比较处常考，比较处常考2 2，因果关系处常考，因果关系处常考3 3，转折处常考，转折处常考4 4，引言处常考，引言处常考5 5，列举处常考，列举处常考常考查位置：常考查位置：45.事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只只需要阅读符号，例子需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。项核对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverho