高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选练(二)131.doc

福建大田县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（二）（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文话题：海洋生物词数：365时间：7There are many dangerous sea creatures in the world.The following are some examples.The needlefish are commonly seen living near the surface of tropical (热带的) waters.But they can also break_cover the water，and once in the air they can become dangerous flying swords.Though it is rare，people have been seriously hurt and even killed when stabbed by the fishs sharp and long jaws (下巴)Night fishermen in small boats are at particular risk because their lights may attract the fish.Saltwater crocodiles are the worlds largest crocodiles，sometimes reaching 23 feet in length and topping 2，200 pounds.Yet these crocodiles hunt quietly，lying in wait below shoreline waters to attack crabs，turtles and thirsty animals that have come to drink.Saltwater crocodiles kill a number of people each year.There is no doubt that the great white shark sits atop the ocean food chain.The worlds largest fish can weigh at over 5，000 pounds and reach lengths of more than 20 feet.Great white sharks have about 3，000 teeth，which they typically sink into sea lions，seals，small toothed whales，and sea turtles.These sharks are responsible for a third to a half of the 100 shark attacks on humans every year.The sea anemone (海葵) may look like the beautiful flower for which its named，but fish that swim too close may regret it.The sea anemone，which lives on the sea floor，uses its poisonous tentacles (触须) to stab passing creatures with a kind of poisonmaking them helpless and fit to be eaten.The surgeonfish (刺尾鱼) is an attractive reef fish that is poisonous.Scientists believe that the worlds seas hold some 1，200 different surgeonfish species and think that they injure about 50，000 people per year.But the surgeonfish poison can also bring great benefitthey are useful in the development of new drugs.【语篇解读】本文介绍了5种危险的海洋生物。1The underlined phrase “break cover” in Paragraph 2 probably means _Ajump out of Bbreak away fromCget away from Dgo back to答案A词义猜测题。根据后文“once in the air”可知，needlefish在空中的时候会变成危险的飞剑，由此可以猜测画线短语的意思应该是“跳出(离)”之意。2How many attacks on humans do great white sharks do every year?AAbout 26. BAbout 45.CAbout 60. DAbout 75.答案B细节理解题。根据第四段“These sharks are responsible for a third to a half of the 100 shark attacks on humans every year.”可知，大白鲨每年袭击人类次数大约为3350次左右。3It can be known from the passage that _Athe saltwater crocodiles are gentle and never hurt peopleBthe sea anemone lives near the surface of the seaCthe great white shark is the largest fish in the worldDthe needlefish live in the sea all around the world答案C细节理解题。根据第四段“The worlds largest fish can weigh at over 5，000 pounds and reach lengths of more than 20 feet.”可知，大白鲨是世界上最大的鱼。4Which of the following can be used to benefit human society?AThe needlefish.BThe sea anemone.CThe great white shark.DThe surgeonfish.答案D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“they are useful in the development of new drugs”可知，刺尾鱼的毒可以制造药品，由此可知这种鱼可以造福人类社会。2016高考英语阅读理解-健康保健类 A glass a day keeps obesity at bayAlcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a dietLooking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight；those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain”The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight Boston Universitys DrHarvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understoodHis team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesitySome studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foodsThey agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of becoming obeseWhats more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine，destroys fat cells.【小题1】The passage is mainly for those_ Awho produce wineBwho have a drinking habitCwho go on a dietDwho are eager to lose weight【小题2】The underlined phrase“in moderation”in the first paragraph means_ AexcitedlyBcarefullyCproperlyDfrequently【小题3】What can we learn from the passage? ACurrent data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weightBResveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fatCThe specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clearDThe research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect【小题4】What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? AHow to do some easy experimentsBHow to reduce the calories contained in wineCHow to make wine in a healthy wayDHow to prove the finding mentioned above 2016高考英语阅读理解-健康保健类PART THREE READING PREHENSIONDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.A With school out and hot weather in, its not unusual for youngsters to gather around the refrigerator or the television rather than take part in active play. Such habits may be relaxing but can wreck a healthy lifestyle, say specialists at Texas Childrens Hospital. “For some kids, the state of feeling bored triggers（引发）eating,” says Jennifer Thomas, a doctor at Texas Childrens Hospital in Houston, Texas. “A child can pick up 5 to 10 pounds over the course of a summer, so its important to recognize the difference between boredom（无聊）and hunger.” Because children may be adjusting（适应）to lack of routine, adding some structure to their daily schedules can help. “For example, instead of letting kids eat while they watch television, permit eating only in the kitchen with the television turned off,” says Thomas. “This way can help determine if they are really hungry or just bored.” If hunger causes a snack attack, nutritious snacks should be available（可得到的）and easy to reach, says Thomas. She suggests two or more servings of fruit and three or more servings of vegetables as a reasonable（合情理的）daily goal. Thomas says, “Fresh or frozen fruit is better than fruit juice. Fresh or frozen vegetables are better because canned vegetables usually contain salt.”In general, kids should avoid snacks with high sugar content, says Thomas. “More importantly, if a sugary snack takes the place of healthier food, the child is not getting the nutrition he or she needs. High-fat food tends to make a child feel worried, while eating foods that are naturally lower in fat will make it easier for kids to feel more energetic and stay on the go.”【小题1】What can help to stop children from eating because of boredom? AGiving them a daily schedule.BGiving them a lot of snacks.CPreventing them from watching TV.DMaking them eat a lot of fruits.【小题2】What kind of snacks should we give children? AFruit juice.BFrozen fruit.CCanned vegetables.DSnacks rich in sugar.【小题3】Foods that are naturally lower in fat are necessary for children because _. Athey help children lose weightBthey help children get necessary nutritionCthey stop children from getting boredDthey make children active and energetic【小题4】We can infer from the text that _. Aits hard to tell the difference between boredom and hungerBchildren may get bored for lack of routine in summerCwe should limit childrens eating while theyre watching TVDnutritious snacks should be available at any time【小题5】The underlined word “wreck” in Paragraph 1 probably means“_”. AimproveBchangeCruinDinclude 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. Theyre also an environmental hazard. Their manure(粪便)contains phosphorus(磷)，which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae(藻类)overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. Doing away with the pig is not an option. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio(比率)in the world (2-1 in Denmark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in Chinaalong densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves(红树林)，coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesnt contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, It could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modificationwhich is anathema(忌讳) to many Westerners. The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandary: should they remain categorically(无条件) opposed to genetically modified (GM)foods even at the expense of the environment? Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach(漂白剂) in waste water from paper mills. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the worlds landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic(引起过敏的)organic soy and their neurotoxin(神经毒素) sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earthunless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.11.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings.B. No other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than East Asia.C. The pork production has increased to 70 in China.D. The pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.12. The reason accounting for the hesitation to accept the idea of the Enviropig is_.A. the poor technology B. the high costC. the moral concept D. the doubt from the public13. What does the underlined word “quandary” mean?A. an agreement B. a negotiationC. a dilemma D. an adventure14. The negative influence brought by the traditional agriculture is_-.A. more living space occupation B. more crop improvementC. more food production D. more chemical application15. What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Raise Pigs B. Whether to choose the GM FoodsC. Whats GM Foods D. The Pollution Brought by Pigs【参考答案】1115、DCCAB 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck(船只失事) may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently. When the Lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a German ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）. But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize(文明的) behavior to take controland the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children. Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”(理性的) and selfish manner. The two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender (性别) and wealth. The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. They suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. But psychologists(心理学家) noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments(依恋) that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.The extent (程度) of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said Anthony R. Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.He thinks the dominant(主宰的) response was attachment behavior. Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”. Kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the Titanics captain appeared to have greater control than the Lusitanias.16. According to Benno Torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?A. The survival instinct. B. The civilized behavior.C. The leadership of the captain.