高考英语专题七选五专项练习.doc

10高考七选五专项练习高考英语新型阅读七选五题型解题策略该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。7选5的考察要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，只有了解了这一切，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。1)出题位置(a)句子(段首，段中，段尾 ，缺1句或1个以上的句子)(b)段落(一般是一段)该节分为两个部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分的原文约300词，其中有5段空白处，空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段未，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。选项部分为7个句子，其中5句分属于主干部分的空白处。要求考生依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择5个句子放回到文章中相应的5段空白处。2)出题数量非等额选项(题目5道，7个选项)3) 文章结构(a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点)(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述)(c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比)(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点)7选5的解题步骤1)快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章中空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。因此这一步可能对很多考生来说会花费很多时间。如果感觉困难而且收获不大，可直接进入第二步，即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。2)边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。3)重新阅读相关词句，重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题，此时可将已选出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。4. 7选5的解题策略1)从意思上判断在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2)从词汇上锁定线索做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3)从关联词上查找由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。关于这样的路标性信号词请详见下一节文章段落的语段特征之连贯性一部分。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略1)如果问题在段首(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2)如果问题在段尾(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。3)如果问题是一整个自然段(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。第一篇：_71_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays. The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _72_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _73_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you. _74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret! Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!A. Thats easy.B. Enjoy your own club!C. Invite a designer to join you.D. What are you interest in?E. Some vacation is just around the corner.F. Then you need to pick a name for your club.G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.第二篇：Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables._71_ Make a study time and have it at the same time every day.This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time，such as for half an hour with a fiveminute break in the middle._72_ Ideal(理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television，as that will encourage passive activity._73_Youll also need to help your kids find the right place to study.After youve set up a good study time for little learners，set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing._74_ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair._75_ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions.The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.APick a place where your children can study properly.BHold them to the schedule they create for themselves.CFinally，spend time with your kids when theyre studying.DKeep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement，too.EInstead，use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.FTry to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.GOne of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.第三篇：_71_Home can be a great place for children to study.Its important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.Location (位置)_72_Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study，since books and pens get in the way of the daytoday uses of those areas.Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at hand without having to clear everything away each night.For a child that likes being alone，set aside a corner of his bedroom，but keep it separate from things like games，music and other hobbies not related to studying.Keeping Things in OrderParents should encourage their child to spread out，but to leave it neat and orderly when he isnt using his workspace.Ownership is very important for selfrespect _73_ The workplace should be personal，but not another part of the playroom._74_Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school.Give them a good example of how to deal with problems，how to manage time and get things done in the right way._75_Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.AAttitude Is EverythingBBring Organization into Your HomeCHere are severval ways to choose a location.DBuilding a Good Home Learning EnvironmentEHold a cando attitude and your child will follow your example.FSetting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.GA child who learns to organize his space will carry organization into every corner of his life.第四篇： Hollywood movies are regularly filled with sex and violence. They can be exciting films but sometimes all you want is a little light-hearted entertainment. Have you heard of Bollywood? All singing, all dancing and unrealistic, it is the perfect alternative to normal Hollywood movies. Bollywood is the Indian film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. 1 Yet Bollywood is the largest producer of films in the world. This year the Indian Filmgare Awards, Bollywoods Oscars, turn 50 years old. The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients: a cup of romance, a tea-spoon of comedy, a dash of international sight-seeing, served with a huge slice of singing and dancing. There will also be one brave hero, one beautiful heroine and one baddie. 2Bollywood films are full of ideal things and free of daily worries. 3 The actors change clothes and locations within a single song. But the audience dont mind. To Indian movie lovers, especially the poor, such films are a gateway to heaven and the stars are their gods. The films take them to a magical world away from their everyday troubles. The films tell them the impossible is possible and that true love conquers all. 4 Behind the beautiful scenes, Bollywood still emphasizes traditional family values. In most films, if two lovers want to break an arranged marriage, they cant just run away. They must win over their parents. Bollywood is a decent refreshing replacement for those over-stimulating Hollywood films. 5 They will take you to a brighter, cheerier and more colorful world, where its still cool to dance around a tree and sing a love song.ABollywood has gradually won its reputation on the world stage.BThere is never any mention of politics, poverty or war.CMost Chinese school kids have probably never seen an Indian film.DBollywood films are mostly comic romances with light-hearted incidental music.E. Bollywood pays great attention to traditional values.FThe result is a fun-filled musical.GSo if youre tired of all that Hollywood actions, check out the following Bollywood films.第五篇：Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _1_. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide._2_ .The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube._3_.First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap ; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole._4_.Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily._5_.As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week. AWe use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other thingsin our daily lives. BThermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same waywhen they are heated or cooled. CNow that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work. DThe water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water willexpand and rise even higher. EThey label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees. FTake wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal把.粘住) them together. GPeople use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around theworld.第六篇：Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer._71_ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a persons health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. _72_Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure._73_ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “_74_ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. _75_A. In general the person feels excited and ready to actB. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.C. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing itD. Anger may cause you a cancer.E. Do not express your anger while angry.F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.第七篇：MuzakThe next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? _71_ Its similar to the music you listen to, but its not exactly the same. Thats because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you dont even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called “elevator (电梯) music” because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name “Muzak”. About one-third of the people in America listen to “Muzak” everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It