中考英语定语从句用法归纳总结.doc

中考定语从句用法归纳总结定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike. 先行词 关系代词 Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class. 先行词 关系代词 上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语. This is the pen which was given by my friend. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 This is the pen which my friend gave to me. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语The man whowhom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl with whom I went there.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThis is the teacher whomwho we like best.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语She is the girl whom who I went with there.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.I dont like the boy to whom you are talking.注意whose在从句中作定语。如：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。This is the house whose window was broken in the winds last night.四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语The animal that which is lost is a panda.先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语She is the person that who we are worried about.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语注意1. that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that(1) 关系代词前有介词时. This is the hotel in which you will stay.(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open (开放)to us.（3）先行词本身是that时，用which.eg, Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？注意2. that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.Hes the cleverest boy that my teacher likes.(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时He is the last person that I want to see.(3) 主句中已有疑问词whowhich时Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the person that is standing at the gate?(4) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.(5) 先行词是all,much,little,few,some,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时 You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very,the last,the right等词修饰时The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class. He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.他正是把那个女孩从水里救出来的那个男人。(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用thatEdison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before（8）当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中做表语时，用that.He is not the man that he used to be.他不再是从前的他了。注意3. 用who不宜用that的情况（1） 先行词是指人的不定代词，eg: one,anyone,no one,all,nobody,anybody,those等。Those who have good manners will be respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊敬。（2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时。The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.找妈妈时迷路的那个男孩正哭得厉害。五定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.This is the house +I was born in the house. (=I was born there) 介词短语 副词=This is the house where I was bornin which I was born. 介词+关系代词 先行词 关系副词. 这就是我在那儿出生的房子.Do you still remember the place where we first met?练习：用which ，where填空1 This is the factory- they want to visit.2 My sister works in a bookshop in we can read many kinds of books3 Have you visited the city the famous scientist was born?4 Is this the museum they visited last month?5 He built a telescope through he could study the skies.6 The pencil with _ he wrote was broken.7 Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?8 I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.9 Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been to。六 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句中充当时间状语.He came at a time +we needed help at a time.介词短语=He came at a time when we needed help关系副词 at which we needed help介词+关系代词 I shall never forget the day when I joined the League. I shall never forget the days that we spent together last summer vacation. 七关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why,在从句中做状语。如：The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to the party.Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.Multiple choice: 1. He came back to the village _ he spent years in his childhood. A. which B. that C. 不填 D. in which2. The village _ he stayed for five years has disappeared in the map. A. whichB. thatC. 不填 D. where3. How can I forget the days _ we spent together? A. whichB. whenC. in whichD. where4. He did not give the reason _ he was late for school. A. that B. which C. why D. how5. The reason _ he told us at the meeting is a made-up story now. A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. when6. Who was the man _ you talked a moment ago? A. thatB. whoC. whomD. to whom7. Most of the land areas _ were covered by trees before have become deserts. A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. 不填8. The book _ I spent 30 yuan is well worth reading. A. which B. on which C. that D. on that9. I still remember the little wooden room _ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. in which10. He is the only one of those boys who never _ late for school. A. hasB. haveC. comeD. comes11. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _were popular then. A. 不填 B. that C. which D. who12. This is the reason_ he is leaving now.A. that B. which C. why D. 不填13. It is for this reason _ he is leaving now. A. thatB. whichC. whyD. 不填14. I have the same magazine_ you bought just now. A. which B. like C. that D. as15. I have never heard so strange a story_ he told us.A. that B. which C. but D. as16. Can you think of a situation _ this word can be used as a verb? A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. 不填17. Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?A. as B. where C. 不填 D. when18. We all have heard of Thomas Edison, _ invented the electric light and many other things.A. one B. the one C. a man D. who19. The day will come _ the people all over the world will live in peace. A. that B. where C. how D. when20. In my memory, my hometown is still the small, quiet town _ it used to be.A. where B. as C. that D. there21. Please take any seat _is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that22. I asked the young librarian, _ I dont think I know, to help me find the book I wanted. A. the name of hisB. his nameC. whose nameD. the name 23. All _is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 24. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 25. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that26. Mr. Zheng gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 27. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which28. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. that C. where D. when29._ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. It30. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whoseKeys: 15 D D A C A 610 D B B D D 1115 B C A D D 1620 C C D D B 2125 D C B D B 2630 A A C B B