北京成人英语模拟题.doc

北京2011年成人英语模拟题一
　　Part I Reading Comprehension （30%）
　　Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
　　Passage 1
　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
　　What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this rally a lie？
　　Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. （76）According to him，women are better liars than men，particularly when telling a “white lie”，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However，this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they have no intension of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
　　Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.
　　Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”。（77）He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
　　Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things， and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
　　1. According to the passage，a “white lie” seems to be a lie
　　A. that other people believe
　　B. that other people don't believe
　　C. told in order to avoid offending someone
　　D. told in order to take advantage of someone
　　2. Research suggests that women
　　A. are better at telling less serious lies than men are
　　B. generally lie far more than men do
　　C. lie at parties more often than men do
　　D. often make promises they intend to break
　　3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies
　　A. his blood pressure increases measurably
　　B. he looks very serious
　　C. he tends to make some small changes in his behavior
　　D. he uses his unconscious mind
　　4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that
　　A. they wish they were somewhere else
　　B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying
　　C. they want to cover their mouths
　　D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies
　　5. The tone of this passage tells us that the writer
　　A. hates to lie
　　B. enjoys lying
　　C. often tells a lie
　　D. tries to analyze lying
　　一、文章总体结构分析
　　全篇围绕“谎言”这一主题展开叙述：第一段通过举例及疑问的方式探讨究竟什么才算是谎言；第二段介绍了南加州大学的Jerald Jellison教授做过一个关于说谎的科学研究的结论，即男人和女人说谎是不同的，而男人更可能说更严重的谎言；第三段则介绍了说谎时行为上的一些细微的改变；第四段主要讲述了说谎时“封嘴”这一具体行为；最后又补充说明以上举止并不能构成讲话者正在说谎的证据，而是一系列的东西，特别是说谎者所说的谎言本身。
　　二、试题具体分析
　　1. 「答案」C 本题考查的是考生对细节的把握，答案对应于文章第一、二段。第一段中“you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.”，第二段又用举例的方法解释了white lie的含义。这个例子就是“such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really think it looks awful.”
　　2. 「答案」A 本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应文章的第二段。该段比较了男人和女人说谎的不同，而且男人更可能说更严重的谎言。参见第二段中句子“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，……”这里的比较就是与前一句中女人撒谎相比。
　　3. 「答案」C 本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应于第三段第一句：Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. 同样有研究侧重于当人们说谎时他们行为的一些细小的，明显的不重要的改变，很容易看出答案C与该句符合。
　　4. 「答案」B 本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应于第三段最后一句：The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch. 鼻尖对这样的变化非常敏感，血压的增加使得它发痒，即与B选项吻合。
　　5. 「答案」D 此题考查的是考生对整篇短文的观点的理解。文章首先讲到男人女人说谎的不同，而后又分析说谎时人们行为方式的变化等等，所以说文章是在分析说谎。其他选项错误。
　　三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
　　1.In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. 实际上，你并不缺钱，但是你的这位朋友却有欠钱不还的习惯而你又不想通过提醒他这点而伤害他的感情。句子结构分析：you are not short of…but your friend is in the habit of…and you don't want to…by…；short of…缺乏…；in the habit of…养成…习惯；pay one's deb还…的债；remind sb of…提醒某人使想起…。
　　2.He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. 他说有几种动作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一个手指支在嘴角。句子结构分析：He says there are several typical forms of this，such as…；cover…with…用…遮盖。
　　四、核心词汇
　　short of…缺乏…；in the habit of…养成…习惯；pay one's deb还…的债；remind sb of…提醒某人使想起…；liar惯于说谎者；awful糟糕的；fulfill履行，实现，完成；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；give…away出卖…；unconscious无意识的，不省人事；attempt尝试，努力，试图；rub擦，摩擦；context上下文；itch发痒；
　　五、全文翻译
　　谎言究竟是什么？是说一些我们知道不是真实的事情？还是甚于这些？例如，假设一个朋友向你借钱。你说“我希望能帮助你，但我现在自己也缺钱。”实际上，你并不缺钱，但是你的这位朋友却有欠钱不还的习惯而你又不想通过提醒他这点而伤害他的感情。这是一个真正的谎言吗？
　　南加州大学的Jerald Jellison教授做过一个关于说谎的科学研究。研究显示女人比男人更善于说谎，特别是说“善意的谎言”，例如在一个派对上一个女人称赞另一个女人的衣服而实际上她认为那衣服很难看。然而这只是故事的一方面。其他的研究者说男人更倾向于说一些较严重的谎言，例如承诺他们从来没想过要实现的承诺。政客和商人似乎特别擅长于此类谎言：说谎者可从谎言中获利或在某些方面得到好处。
　　同样有研究侧重于当人们说谎时他们行为的一些细小的，明显的不重要的改变。结果表明如果他们当时坐着，那么他们会更多的在椅子中移动。他们对受过训练的观察者承认“我希望我是在另一个地方”。他们也会更多的触摸脸部的某些部分，特别是鼻子。一个解释是因为说谎会使血压产生微小的变化。鼻尖对这样的变化非常敏感，血压的增加使得它发痒。
　　另一个将说谎者出卖的举动是在Desmond Morris的书《Manwatching》中提到的“封嘴”。他说有几种动作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一个手指支在嘴角。这样的行为可以看作是一种阻止说谎者继续说谎的下意识举动。
　　当然，这些举止，例如摸鼻子或者掩盖嘴唇，或者在椅子中移动都不能作为讲话者正在说谎的证据。只是这些行为在这样的情况下更容易发生。不是一个举止就可以将说谎者出卖，而是一系列的东西，特别是说谎者所说的谎言本身。
北京2011年成人英语模拟题二
　　Passage 2
　　Question 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
　　（78）Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time：if corrected too much，he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way，children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught—to walk，run，climb，whistle，ride a bicycle—compare their own performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
　　If it is a matter of right answers，as it may be in mathematics or science，give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？Our job should be to help the child when he tells that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，how to measure their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know.
　　6. According to the passage，which of the following is the best way for children to learn things？
　　A. Listening to skilled people's advice.
　　B. Asking older people many questions.
　　C. Making mistakes and having them corrected.
　　D. Doing what other people do.
　　7. The writer think teachers should NOT          
　　A. give children correct answers B. allow children to make mistakes
　　C. point out children's mistakes to them D. let children mark their own work
　　8. According to the writer，teachers in school should            
　　A. allow children to learn from each other
　　B. point out children's mistakes whenever found
　　C. correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
　　D. give children more book knowledge
　　9. According to the passage，learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are
　　A. different from learning other skills B. the same as learning other skills
　　C. more important than other skills D. not really important skills
　　10. The title of this passage could probably be
　　A. Let Us Teachers Stop Work
　　B. Let Us Make Children Learn
　　C. Let Children Correct Their Exercises
　　D. Let Children Learn By Themselves
　　一、文章总体结构分析
　　文章第一段主要围绕让孩子们学会判断他们自己的工作而论述，通过列举事实讲述了要给孩子留有空间，让他们自己在学习中成长，而非总是来指导他们什么是正确的什么是不正确的；第二段主要谈论在学校老师们总是给学生指出错误，应该让学生自己发现错误，自己改正。
　　二、 试题具体分析
　　6.「答案」D.本题考查的是考生对细节的把握，答案对应文章第一段，其中列举了大量事实讲述要给孩子留有空间，让他们自己在学习中成长，而并非总是来指导他们什么是正确什么不是正确。与D项更好相符。
　　7.「答案」C.本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应文章第一段后两句，根据其内容我们可以知道作者认为教师不能老是给学生指出错误，应该让学生自己发现错误，自己改正。
　　8.「答案」A.本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应文章第一段的内容。按照作者的意思，老师要允许孩子们彼此学习。
　　9.「答案」B.本题考查的也是考生对细节的把握，答案对应文章第一段第四行。
　　10.「答案」D.本题考查的是考生对全篇文章的理解，第一段和第二段都是讲要让孩子自己去学会技能，而不必总是老师来教一切。
　　三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
　　1. Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. 让他自己解决，如果他愿意的话可以在其他孩子们的帮助下，他说什么，这个问题的答案是什么，这是否是说或者做的一个好方法。
　　句子结构分析：Let him work out…what his word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.with the help of…在句中作插入语成份。而work out后面跟的是三个并列成份。
　　2. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，how to measure their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know. 让孩子们学习那些受过教育的人们有朝一日要学习的，如何衡量他们自己的理解力，如何知道他们知道什么，不知道什么。
　　句子结构分析：Let the children learn what…，how to…，how to…，what…，how to…，how to…为句子的三个并列宾语从句。
　　四、核心词汇
　　Judge判断；Bit by bit逐渐地；whistle吹口哨；performance执行，行为；point out指出；work out解决；waste浪费；routine日常事务，例行公事；
　　五、全文翻译
　　让孩子们学会判断他们自己的工作。一个孩子学说话并不是通过一直地被纠正而学会的：如果被纠正的太多的话，他会停止说话。他在一天中注意他所用的语言和周围的人们用的语言的不同有上千次。一点一点地，他为使他的语言像其他人的一样而作了必要的改变。同样地，孩子们学其他所有的事情，他们都是无师自通的——走路，跑，爬，吹口哨，骑自行车——将他们自己的行为和那些更熟练地人们进行比较，慢慢地做出必要的改变。但是，在学校里，我们并没有给一个孩子发现自己的错误并自己改正的机会。我们全都为他们做了。我们的做法好像是我们认为他是不会注意到错误的，除非为他指出来，或者是他是不会改正错误的，除非我们让他改正。让他自己解决，如果他愿意的话可以在其他孩子们的帮助下，他说什么，这个问题的答案是什么，这是否是说或者做的一个好方法。
　　如果是一个正确答案的问题，像是数学或者是科学，给他们答案书。让他们自己更正自己的作业。为什么我们老师要浪费时间在如此程序化的事情上呢？我们的工作是在孩子说他找不到得到正确答案的方法时给他帮助。让孩子们学习那些受过教育的人们有朝一日要学习的，如何衡量他们自己的理解力，如何知道他们知道什么，不知道什么。
北京2011年成人英语模拟题三
　　Passage 3
　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage：
　　（79）John had bought a packet of cigarettes just before we caught the train and he offered me one as we settled ourselves in our compartment. We were on our way back from a camping holiday；we had lived rough for over a fortnight and even a cigarette was a luxury at that moment.
　　I felt in my pocket for a box of matches，but could not find any.
　　“I haven't got any either，” said John.
　　Sitting opposite to us was a man whose face was hidden by a newspaper.
　　“Excuse me，sir，”said John，leaning across. “Could you give me a light，please？”
　　The newspaper was lowered to reveal a rather elderly man with a stern face.
　　“This is a no smoking compartment，”the man said. He indicated the notice near the window. We apologized and put away our unlit cigarettes.
　　（80）The man went on，in a rather more kindly way，to warn us against the dangers of smoking.
　　“I speak as a doctor，”he concluded，and after that he went back to reading his newspaper.
　　When he got out a few stations later，he left his newspaper behind him. We picked it up，eager to find out what had happened while we were on holiday.
　　“Just look at this，”remarked John，pointing to a photograph. “it's the man who was sitting opposite us.” Underneath the photograph was an account of a lunatic （精神病者）who had recently escaped. It appeared that he liked to pretend to be a doctor.
　　11.The friends had spent their holiday ______.
　　A. on a boat B. in a tent C. on a farm D. with an aunt
　　12. Their holiday had lasted ______.
　　A. more than two weeks B. just two weeks
　　C. less than two weeks D. a week or two
　　13. The man ______.
　　A. threw his newspaper away
　　B. offered them his newspaper
　　C. dropped his newspaper
　　D. did not take his newspaper with him
　　14. The two friends read the newspaper ______.
　　A. in a hurry B. with great interest
　　C. to pass the time D. to look at the pictures
　　15. The man's photograph was in the newspaper because he was ______.
　　A. a doctor B. a spaceman C. a madman D. an actor
　　一、文章大意和总体结构分析
　　这篇文章是一个小故事，讲述作者和朋友火车上与同车厢的旅客间发生的一件趣事。作者和约翰准备在火车上吸烟，但是坐在对面的旅客提醒他们这是无烟车厢并忠告了他们吸烟的害处。文章一直很符合逻辑地进行，但是最后的结尾比较出人意料。原来坐在对面的自称为医生的旅客竟是一位刚从精神病院逃出的患者。
　　二、试题详解
　　11、B 此题考查的是考生对文章信息的搜索。We were on our way back from a camping holiday.说明作者刚刚结束露营回来，而露营一般都会联想到tent“帐篷”。A项on a boat“在船上”，C项on a farm“在农场上”，D项 with an aunt“与阿姨一起”，这三项在文章中都没有体现。
　　12、A 本题考查的是对词义的理解。We had lived rough for over a fortnight.Fortnight意思是两周。Over，“超过”，超过两周，所以应选A， more than two weeks.
　　13、D.倒数第二行说：He left his newspaper behind him…… A. threw his newspaper away，“扔掉报纸”；B. offered them his newspaper “将报纸给了作者和他的朋友”；C. dropped his newspaper，“扔掉报纸”。
　　14、D.最后一段第一行说：“Just look at this”，remarked John，pointing to a photograph. “pointing to a photograph”，“指着报纸上的照片”。A. in a hurry，“匆忙地”；B. with great interest，“带着很大的兴趣”；C. to pass the time，“为了消磨时间”。这三项都与文章的意思不符，所以应选A。
　　15、C.此题旨在测试考生对单词的理解。最后一段第二行说：“Underneath the photograph was an account of a lunatic who had recently escaped.” Lunatic意为“精神病患者”。所以应选C.a madman。
　　三、文章长难句分析
　　1、John had bought a packet of cigarettes just before we caught the train and he offered me one as we settled ourselves in our compartment. 就在我们赶上火车之前约翰买了一包烟，等我们在车厢安顿好之后他递给我一支。Catch the train，赶上火车。Settle sb. in some places，在某处坐好，安顿好。
　　2、The man went on，in a rather more kindly way，to warn us against the dangers of smoking. 这个男人以一种更和善的口吻坚持让我们警惕吸烟的危害。In a more kindly way，为插入语，修饰这个人说话的语气、态度。To warn us against the dangers of smoking是宾语成分。
　　四、核心词汇
　　Settle sb. in some places，坐好、安顿好；live rough艰苦地度过；be opposite t