高中资料：中国传统文化知识英文表达超全汇总（词、句、篇）.docx

第一部分 中国节日一春节Spring FestivalIt falls on the first day of the first lunar month（阴历正月）.People follow many national and local customs.We paste spring poems (贴春联)with luck words on the door.We eat delicious food with symbolic values（有象征意义的美味食品），for example, chicken for good luck.We exchange greetings with friends and relatives.People may give children lucky money in red paper.阴历的正月初一是春节。人们延续很多传统习俗。我们在门上贴春联。我们吃有象征意义的美味食品，比如鸡肉。我们相互拜年问候。人们给小孩压岁钱。二元宵节the Lantern FestivalIt comes on the 15th of the first lunar month.It marks the end of the Spring Festival.On that day, people eat sweet dumplings for good luck.Special activities include the display of lanterns（灯笼）and riddle solving（猜灯谜）.元宵节在农历的正月十五。它标志着春节的结束。那一天，人们吃汤圆，以求吉祥如意。有些特色的活动，比如观灯、猜灯谜。三清明节Tomb-Sweeping DayIt is also called Tomb-Sweeping Day. It comes on April 4th or 5th.In Chinese Qingming means “clear and bright”.It is a day for the living to show love and respect to dead frends,relatives and ancestors.People will sweep the tombs, light incense, put meats, vegetables, wine in front of the tomb .Besides, people burn paper money for the dead to use in after life.清明节也叫“扫墓节”，实在4月4日或5日。在汉语中“清明”是“clear and bright”的意思。那一天寄托了对死去的亲朋好友和祖先的感情和尊敬。人们在墓前扫墓、点香烛、放上酒肉等。除此之外，人们烧纸钱，供他们在死后使用。四端午节Dragon Boat FestivalIt is on the fifth of the fifth lunar month.It honors the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.People gather to watch the colorful “Dragon Boat Races”(龙舟比赛).People eat rice dumplings on that day.端午节在农历五月初五。端午节是为了纪念古代诗人屈原。人们聚在一起看龙舟比赛。人们在那一天吃粽子。The Dragon Boat Festival is one of three major Chinese holidays,along with the Spring and Moon Festivals.Of the three,it is possibly the oldest,dating back to the Warring States Period in 227 B.C.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan,a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.Despairing over corruption at court,Qu threw himself into a river.Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then,hoping to distract hungry fish from his body,the people scattered rice on the water.端午节与春节和中秋节并列为中国三大节日。这三个节日中，它可能是最古老的一个，可以追溯到公元前227年的战国时代。这个节日是为了纪念楚国的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。Over the years,the story of Qus demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi-a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。端午节起源In 278 BC, he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chus capital, so he finished his last piece Huai Sha (Embracing Sand) and plunged himself into the Miluo River,Clasping his arms to a large stone.the day happened to be the 5th of the 5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar.After his death,the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him.The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body.People threw into the water zongzi（pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in read or bamboo leaves）and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body.An old doctor poured a jug of realgar wine (Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar) in to the water,hoping to turn all aquatic beasts drunk.Thats why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing,eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day.公元前278年，当他听到秦国军队已经攻破楚国国都的消息后，写完最后一篇诗篇怀沙后抱石投汩罗江自尽。这一天正是农历五月初五。他死后，楚国人民跑到河岸来悼念他，渔民们划船遍河寻找他的尸体。人们把粽子和鸡蛋投入水中防止鱼虾伤害他的身体。一位老郎中还把一壹雄黄洒倒入水中，希望能药晕昏蛟龙水兽。这就是后来人们为什么在这一天赛龙舟，吃粽子，喝雄黄酒。Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival,held all over the country.As the gun is fired,people will see racers in dragon-shaped pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly,accompanied by rapid drums,speeding toward their destination.Folk tales say the game originates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuans body.赛龙舟是这个节日不可工缺的一部分。当发令枪打响后，人们就能看到坐在龙舟的赛手们在急促鼓点的伴随下齐心协力摇桨驶向他们的目的地。民间故事说这个赛事的起源是寻找屈原的尸体。Zongzi is an essential food of the Dragon Boat Festival.It is said that people ate them in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). In early time,it was only glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or other plant leaves and tied with colored thread,but now the fillings are more diversified,including jujube and bean paste,fresh meat,and ham and egg yolk,If time permit,people will soak glutinous rice,wash reed leaves and wrap up zongzi themselves.Otherwise,they will go to shops to buy whatever stuff they want.The custom of eating zongzi is now popular in North and South Korea,Japan and Southeast Asian nations.粽子是端午的一种必备食品，所说人们在春秋时代就开始吃它（公元前770-476年）。最开始是，它只是用箬叶和彩线包起来的糯米。但是现在在填充物就很丰富了，有枣子和豆沙的，鲜肉的，还有火腿蛋黄的。如果时间允许，人们会自己泡糯米，洗箬叶，包粽子。一然他们变会到商店买来自己想吃的粽子。现在粽子的习俗已经风靡朝鲜、南韩、日本以及东南亚各国。五中秋节Mid-Autumn FestivalIt is on the 15th of the eighth lunar month.People gaze at（观赏）the “Lady in the Moon”(嫦娥) , eat moon cakes for family reunion and happiness.中秋节在农历的八月十五。人们在那一天家人团圆，一起赏月、吃月饼。中秋节起源Folklore about the origin of the festival go like this:In remote antiquity, there were ten suns rising in the sky, which scorched all crops and drove people into dire poverty. A hero named Hou Yi was much worried about this,he ascended to the top of the Kunlun Mountain and,directing his superhuman strength to full extent, drew his extraordinary bow and shot down the nine superfluous suns one after another. He also ordered the last sun to rise and set according to time. For this reason, he was respected and loved by the people and lots of people of ideals and integrity came to him to learn martial arts from him. A person named Peng Meng lurked in them.相传，远古时候天上有10个太阳同时出现，晒得庄稼枯死，民不聊生，一个名叫后羿的英雄，力大无穷，他同情受苦的百姓，登上昆仑山顶，运足神力，拉开神弓，一气射下9个太阳，并严令最后一个太阳按时起落，为民造福。后羿因此受到了百姓的尊敬和爱戴，不少志士慕名前来投师学艺，心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。Hou Yi had a beautiful and kindhearted wife named Chang E.one day in his way to the Kunlun Mountain to call on friends,he ran upon the Empress of Heaven Wangmu who was passing by.Empress Wangmu presented to him a parcel of elixir,by taking which,it was said,one would ascend immediately to heaven and become a celestial being.Hou Yi,however,hated to part with his wife.So he gave the elixir to Chang E to treasure for the time being.Chang E hid parcel in a treasure box at her dressing table when,unexpectedly,it was seen by Peng Meng.后羿有一个美丽的妻子叫“嫦娥”，一天后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，便向王母娘娘求得一包一死药。所说，服下此药，即刻升天成仙。然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被小人蓬蒙看见了。One day when Hou Yi led his disciples to go hunting,Peng Meng,sword in hand,rushed into the inner chamber and forced Chang E to hand over the elixir,Aware that she was unable tl defeat Peng Meng,Chang E made a prompt decision at that critical moment.She turned round to open her treasure box,took up the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp.As soon as she swallowed the elixir her body floated off the ground,dashed out of the window and flew towards heaven.Peng Meng escaped.一天，后羿众徒外出狩猎，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，危急之时她当机立断，转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下药，身子立刻飘离地面、冲出窗口，向天上飞去。蓬蒙便借机逃走了。When Hou Yi returned home at dark,he knew from the maidservants what had happened Overcome with grief,Hou Yi looked up into the night sky and called out the name or his beloved wife when,to his surprise, he found that the moon was especially clear and bight and no it there was a swaying shadow that was exactly like his wife.He tried his best to chase after the moon.But as he ran,the moon retreated;as he withdrew,the moon came back. He could not get to the moon at all.傍晚，率众徒回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿气得捶胸顿足，悲痛欲绝，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字，这时他惊奇发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。他拼命朝月亮追去，可是他追三步，月亮退三步。他退三步，月亮进三步，无论怎样也追不到跟前。Thinking of his wife day night, Hou Yi then had an incense table arranged in the back garden that Chang E loved. Putting on the table sweetmeats and fresh fruits Chang E enjoyed most, Hou Yi held at a distance a memorial ceremony for Chang E who was sentimentally attached to him in the palace of the moon.When people heard of the story that Chang E had turned into a celestial being,they arranged the incense table in the moonlight one after another and prayed kindhearted Chang E for good fortune and peace.From then on the custom of worshiping the moon spread among the people.后羿无可奈何，又思念妻子，只好派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，纷纷在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。People in different places follow various customs,but all show their love and longing for a better life.中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。五七夕节Qiqiao Festival（the Chinese Valentines Day）The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving girl.While she was on earth she met her herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. They got married secretly, and they were very happy.When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milk Way, stopped him.Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milk Way to meet once a year.Magpies make a bridge of their wings to the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinu is weeping and the couple wont be able to meet.王母娘娘的外孙女下凡来到人间。她的名字叫织女。在人间，她见到了牛郎，并且相爱。秘密结婚后，他们快乐的生活在一起。当王母娘娘知道她的孙女嫁给了一个凡人，非常生气。她让织女返回天庭，牛郎紧跟不舍，但是却被银河挡住了。看到织女伤心欲绝，王母娘娘最后决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。农历的七月初七，这对夫妻在鹊桥上相会。人们希望那天的天气好，因为如果下雨，意味着织女在流泪，他们没能相会。六. 情人节Valentines DayDate约会Bunch花束Rose玫瑰Candy糖果Chocolate巧克力Forget-Me-Not勿忘我Puppy Love/First Love初恋Cute Meet浪漫的邂逅Fall In Love坠入爱河Love At The First Sight一见钟情Propose求婚Valentine Cards情人节卡片Candlelight Dinner烛光晚餐Heart-Shaped/Cordate心形的Truelove真爱Enamored倾心的第二部分 中国文化元素一. 长城（The Great Wall）The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。二. 饺子（Dumplings）Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings:1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2) prepare the dumpling stuffing;3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1） 擀皮2） 备馅3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。三. 筷子（Chinese Chopsticks）The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。【拓展1】The Story of Chopsticks 筷子的故事Chopsticks are used every day in China.Now Id like to take this opportunity to share their interesting history with you.I think youll agree that even an ordinary item used in daily life can have a fascinating story.Although chopsticks originated in China, they are widely used in many Asian countries.The first chopsticks were made from bone and jade.In the Spring and Autumn period, copper and iron chopsticks came into being.In ancient times, the rich used jade or gold chopsticks to display their wealth.Many kings and emperor s used silver chopsticks to see if their food had been poisoned.Chopsticks are traditionally placed in brides dowries,because chopsticks in Chinese is pronounced kuaizi, which sounds like get a son soon.Many foreign friends try to use chopsticks when they visit China.Even the former president of the United States Richard Nixon, used chopsticks at the welcoming banquet held in his honor.As soon as he left his table, a foreign diplomat grabbed his chopsticks as a historical souvenir.中国人每天都在使用筷子。现在我想借这个机会和大家一起聊一些有关于筷子历史的有趣故事。我想你会赞同即使是日常生活中一件小物品也会有其引人入胜的故事。虽然筷子起源于中国，但现在很多的亚洲国家都在使用。最早的筷子是用骨头和玉制成的。在春秋时代又出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。在古代，富人家用玉筷子或金筷子以显示其家庭的富有。许多帝王用银制的筷子以检查他们的食物中是否被人投了毒。筷子在传统上是被当作 新娘的嫁妆的，因为“筷子”在汉语中读作“kuaizi”，听起来很像“快得儿子”。许多外国朋友在访问中国的时候都使用筷子。甚至是美国前总统尼克松在为其到来而举办的欢迎宴会上也使用了筷子。他刚一离开桌子，一名国外的外交人员就抓起了他的筷子，把它作为了具有历史意义的纪念品。【拓展2】The Story of Chopsticks 筷子的故事In ancient China, chopsticks signified far lore than tools that take food to the mouth; they also signified status and rules, “can”and ”cant”.During the Northern Song Dynasty, an official named Tang Su once had dinner with the emperor. He was not well informed in noble table etiquette and so laid down his chopsticks horizontally on the table before the emperor did. As a result, he was expatriated to a frontier area for penal servitude.In ancient eating etiquette, there were over a dozen taboos concerning chopsticks. For example , they could not be placed vertically into a