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非谓语动词
高考考点导向
非谓语形式是指不定式、动名词、现在分词及过去分词。它们是中学英语的重点，也是难点，同时也是高考英语必考的重点内容。15道单项选择题中，对非谓语动词的考查往往要有2道题，而且总会涉及各种题型，因此要非常重视掌握非谓语动词的用法，掌握好非谓语动词的时态、语态及各种形式的句法功能，这是历年该部分的命题重点所在。高考考题解析
[考题1](NMET 典型例题 I've worked with children before，so I know what_________in my new job．
A． expected B． to expect C． to be expecting D． expects
[解析]本句是考查非谓语动词的用法，本句的意思是：“我以前做过儿童工作，因此我知道在我新的工作中将会出现什么情况。”句子中what是expect的逻辑宾语，故排除D，D项若改成will be expected答案才能成立。选项A作动词用，语态不对，改为被动语态才行，作过去分词用，其动作表示在谓语动词之前发生，不符合题意，故排除。C项，动词不定式的进行时态表示动作正在进行，不符合意思，故排除C项。B项toexpect所表示的时间是将来，其逻辑主语为I，what是expect的逻辑宾语，符合题意，“疑问词十不定式”是动词不定式的一种特殊形式，在句子中相当于一个名词，可以作主语、宾语和表语。
[答案]B
[考题2](NMET 典型例题 The managers discussed the plan that theywould like to see_________the next year．
A．carried out B．carrying out C．carry out D．to carry out
[解析]本句是考查非谓语动词和定语从句的用法，句中theplan后跟一个定语从句，其中that是定语从句中的宾语，构成词组seesth．done。carriedout作see的补足语，意思为“经理们讨论了明年将要实施的这个计划。”从that开始到句末是一个定语从句。这个定语从句的大体含义是：
They would like to see the plan carried out the next year．
[答案]A
[考题3](典型例题)
They're not very good，but we like_________.
A．anyway to play basketball with them B．to play basketball with them anyway
C．to play with them basketball anyway D．with them to play basketball anyway
[解析]英语的句子有这样一个大体规律：主语+谓语+宾语十状语。在这句话里with them和anyway都是状语，应当放在句子的末尾。
[答案]B
[考题4](典型例题)
He sent me an e-mail，_________to get further in formation．
A． hoped B． hoping C． to hope D．hope
[解析]hope这一动作伴随着sent me ane-mail同时发生，也就是说空格处是一个伴随状语，而伴随状语常由现在分词充当。
[答案]B
[考题5](典型例题)
_________in 1636，Harvard is one the most famous universities in the United States．
A．Being founded B.It was founded
C．Founded D．Founding
[解析]句意是：哈佛大学创建于1636年，它是美国最著名的大学之一。选项A用的是现在分词的被动式，它表示两重含义；(1)被动，(2)正在进行。此处只有被动的意味，没有正在进行的意味，故A错。选项B用的是句子，两套主谓结构需要有连接词，而本句中没有连接词，故B错。选项C用过去分词，过去分词常表示被动和完成，在这里符合题意。
[答案]C
[考题6](典型例题)
The_________boy was last seen_________near the East Lake．
A．missing；playing B．missing；play
C．missed；play D．missed；to play
[解析]表示丢失了的孩子可以有下列两种说法：(1)the missing boy，(2)the lost boy。
这就否定了选项C和选项D。第二空用现在分词playing作主语补足语，强调那位丢失的孩子正在玩的时候(并非全过程)，被人们看到，即强调动作当时正在进行。
[答案]A
[考题7](典型例题)
Tony wasvery unhappy for_________to the party．
A．having not been invited B．not having invited
C．having not invited D．not having been invited
[解析]动名词的否定形式是在-ing形式前加not，不管是一般式还是完成式，也不管是主动式还是被动式，这就否定了选项A和选项C。由于本句中有被动意味，故选D。
[答案]D
[考题8](典型例题)
_________late in themorning，Bob turned off the alarm．
A．Tosleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept
[解析]句意是“为了早晨睡个懒觉，Bob把闹钟关上了”。作目的状语，常用动词不定式。
[答案]A
[考题9](典型例题)
One learns a language by making mistakes and_________them．
A． correct B． correcting C． corrects D． to correct
[解析]by后接两个动名词作它的宾语，一个是making mistakes，一个是correcting them。
[答案]B
[考题10](NMET典型例题 _________such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．
A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered
[解析]本题同样是考查分词短语在句中充当状语的用法。本句句意为：“河流已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在想要清理也许太迟了。”后面的句子动作发生在前面动词suffer之后，因此，所设空中应选用表示“已经完成”状态的现在分词的完成式，故选A (having suf-
fered)。选项B (suffering)表示与主句中动词同时进行或存在的情况，与it may now be too late．．．意思不相符。C项(to suffer)不定式表示一种趋势，与it may now be too late也不相符。题干中的already起到重要的提示与限制作用。
[答案]A
[考题11](NMET 典型例题 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains_________whether they will enjoy it．
A．to see B．to be seen C． seeing D．seen
[解析]本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。句中的it是形式主语，而“whether they will enioy it”是主语从句。 “remain”是系动词，意思为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”。
首先分析本考题题意：“到国外去旅行，当然对这对老年夫妇是有好处的，但是他们是否喜欢到国外旅行，还要拭目以待。”whether引导的从句采用的是将来时，又因为不定式表示将要发生的动作，所以在A、B两项中选择。“it”跟“see”之间的关系是被动关系，故选择B。
[答案]B
[考题12](NMET典型例题 The research is so designed that once_________nothing can be done to change it．
A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun
[解析]本题考查的是分词在句中作状语的用法。once begun=once it is begun；it指代 research；begin在本句中作及物动词；once作连词引导状语(从句)。当从句中的主语和主句主语一致，谓语动词为Le动词时，可以省略主谓结构。
本考题的句意为：“这项研究是如此设计安排的，以至于它一旦开始就没有什么可以改变它的。”为了正确作答，解这类题目可以先采取补全句子的方式。
[答案]D
[考题13](典型例题)
Prices of daily goods_________through a computer can be lower than store prices．
A．are bought B．bought C．been bought D．buying
[解析]bought through a computer是一个过去分词短语作定语修饰goods，句中谓语动词为canbe。
[答案]B
[考题14](典型例题)
—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key_________the problem is to meet the demand by the customers．
A．to solving；making B．tosolving；made
C．to solve；making D．to solve；made
[解析]本题题意是“解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求。”to放在key的后面作介词，后接动名词；过去分词短语made by the customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词。
[答案]B
[考题15](典型例题)
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market，many state companies are strivmg_________their products more competitive．
A．tomake B．making
C．to havemade D．havintg made
[解析]动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力的目的。这句话的意思是“为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争力。”
[答案]A
[考题16](典型例题)
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_________if a mirror was broken．
A．wassure of striking B．was sure of having struck
C．wassure to bestruck D．was sure to strike
[解析]动词不定式表示将要发生的事，意思是“就要……”。这句话的意思是“过去很多人都认为如果镜子破了，一定会引起灾难。”注意：be十形容词后接不定式的主动式，不用被动式。如：The text is easy to understand．这篇课文很容易理解。
[答案]D
[考题17](典型例题)
Though_________money，his parents managed to send him to university．
A．1acked B．1ackingof C．1acking D．1ackedin
[解析]lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。hisparents与lack是主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。这句话的意思是“虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。”
[答案]C
[考题18](典型例题)
Don't use words，expressions，or phrases_________only to people，with specific knowledge．
A．beingknown B．havingbeen known
C．to beknown D．known
[解析]know与words，expressions，phrases，是动宾关系，要用现在分词作宾语，表示被动。这句话的意思是“不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才知道的词语”。
[答案]D
[考题19](典型例题)
to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin．
A．Exposed B．Having exposed
C．Being exposed D．After being exposed
[解析]在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词。expose与one’s skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。本句的意思是“在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处”。
[答案]C
[考题20](典型例题春招)
In some parts of London，missing a bus means_________tor another hour.
A．waiting B．to wait C．wait D．to be wamng
[解析]meandoingsth。的意思是“意味着什么”。mean to do sth．的意思是“打算做什么”。
[答案]A
[考题21](典型例题春招)
When_________，the museum will beopen to the public next year.
A．completed B．completing
C．being completed D．to be completed
[解析]complete与museum是动宾关系，要用过去分词completed作状语，表示被动。这句话的意思是“这座博物馆建成后，明年将向公众开放。”to be completed作目的状语，不与when连用。
[答案]A
[考题22](典型例题春招)
In order to make our city green，_________.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B．manymore trees need to plant
C．our city needs more trees D．wemust plant more ttees
[解析]In order to make our city green是目的状语，其逻辑主语是we。在做这类题目时，一定要弄清楚其逻辑主语。
[答案]D
[考题23](典型例题)
The teacher asked us_________so much noise．
A．don't make B．not make C．not making D．not to make
[解析]动词ask之后接含有不定式的复合宾语时，to不能省略，其否定形式是ask sb．not to do sth．
[答案]D
[考题24](典型例题)
_________time，he'll make a first-class tennis player．
A．Having given B．Togive C．Giving D．Given
[解析]句中主语he和give之间存在着被动关系，故须用过去分词短语作状语。
[答案]D
[考题25](典型例题春招)
Mr．Smith，_________of the_________speech，started to read a novel．
A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored
C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring
[解析]be tired of意为“厌烦……”，指精神方面；现在分词boring修饰speech，说明speech的性质、特征。
[答案]A
[考题26](典型例题春招)
Friendship is like money：easier made than_________.
A． kept B． to be kept C． keeping D． being kept
[解析]前后句子结构应该保持一致。easier made than kept= it is easier made than it is kept。
[答案]A
[考题27](典型例题春招)
_________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．
A．The president will attend B．The president to attend
C．The president attended D．The president's attending
[解析]若动名词复合结构作主语，须用“名词的所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词”；若不在句首作主语，也可用“名词的普通格/人称代词宾格+动名词”。
[答案]D
[考题28](典型例题春招)
Unless_________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
[解析]unless invited=unless you are invited；若主从句主语相同，常把从句中的主语及助动词be一起省略，这样突出连词所表达的意义。
[答案]A
[考题29](典型例题春招)
She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_________in making the earth a better place to live．
A．to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
[解析]动词不定式可以表示将来动作；动词不定式与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，和另外一个词有主谓关系，此时要用主动形式表示被动意义：play a role in意为“在……方面发挥作用”。
[答案]B
[考题30](典型例题)
The discovery of new evidence led to_________.
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
[解析]lead to意为“导致”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词作介词宾语。此处用了动名词复合结构作宾语。依据语境需要，动名词用被动语态。
[答案]C
[考题31)(典型例题)
Generally speaking，_________according to the directions，the drug has no sideeffect．
A．when taking B．when taken C．when we take D．when to be taken
[解析]take与主句主语thedrug之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词。
[答案]B
[考题32](典型例题)
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_________clear warnings before firing any shots．
A．to issue B．being issued C．to have issued D．to be issued
[解析]order sb．to do sth．变为被动语态，则是sb．be ordered to do sth.，原宾语补足语变为主语补足语后形式不变。
[答案]A
[考题33](NMET 典型例题 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_________in the kitchen．
A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked
[解析]本题考查动词的非谓语形式。语法环境是主语补足语。语境是“告诫；忠告；警示”。根据“被动句中，动词不定式作主语补足语，不能省略to”，首先排除A项；再根据“主语补足语若与主语之间构成动宾关系，主补需含有被动含义”，而hesmoked为主谓关系，因此，可以排除有被动含义的D项smoked；再根据smoking与to smoke所表示的时间关系，即主补动作若与句子的谓语动作同时发生或正在进行需用-ing形式，主补动作为一个动作的全过程或将来发生的动作则用不定式，可排除C。
[答案]B
[考题34](NMET 典型例题 “We can’t go out in this weather，”said Bob，_________out of the window．
A．1ooking B． to look C． 1ooked D． having looked
[解析]looking是非谓语形式，looking作said的伴随状语。
[答案]A
[考题35](NMET典型例题 When flint_________to the market，these products enjoyed great success．
A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced
[解析]introduced是非谓语。flint与introduce之间为被动关系，用过去分词构成独立主格结构。
[答案]B
[考题36](NMET 典型例题)
The man insisted_________a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby．
A．find B．to find C．on finding D．in finding
[解析]insist on doing为固定搭配词组，意思为“坚持要做……”。
[答案]C
[考题37](NMET 典型例题)
Aman is being questioned in relation to the_________murder last night．
A．advised B．attended C．attempted D．admitted
[解析]attempted是过去分词作定语，表示“预谋的”。
[答案]C
[考题38](NMET 典型例题)
The old man，_________abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland．
A． to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked
[解析]分词的完成式在句中充当时间状语。
[答案]D
[考题39](典型例题春季)
Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage_________the girl and took her away，_________into thewoods．
A．seizing；disappeared B．seized；disappeared
C. seizing；disappearing D．seized；disappearing
[解析]第一空所填动词应该与and后面的took形式一致，后面的动词则表示结果，因为没有and，所以用+lng形式。
[答案]D
[考题40](典型例题春季)
After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，_________
A．exhausting B．exhausted C．being exhausted D．having exhausted
[解析]exhausted形容词，“精疲力竭的”，表示回家时的状态。
[答案]B
[考题41](典型例题春季)
I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon．Do you have anything_________?
A．to be buying B．to buy C．for buying D．bought
[解析]动词不定式做定语。你有什么要买的东西吗?
[答案]B
[考题42](典型例题春季)
The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_________as the plane was making a landing．
A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating
[解析]seated过去分词，相当于形容词，表示“坐着的”。
[答案]C
[考题43](典型例题春季)
Victor apologized for_________to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able
C. his not being able D. him to be not able
[解析]介词for后面接动词，用+ing形式，其否定应该在+ing形式前加not。
[答案]C
高考仿真训练
1._________mud on his trousers brushes off easily.
A. Drying B. Having dried C. Being dry D. Dried
2.The story_________by the writer is very_________with many middle school students in China.
A. /; popular B. written; welcome
C. writing; agreed D. wrote; pleased
3.Can you imagine a little boy_________a stranger_________into the house and_________ a box away?
A. notice; enter; steal B. watching; come; taking
C. found; going; get D. seeing; steal; carry
4._________what he had done, he hung his head and .said nothing.
A. To be asked B. When asked C. Having asked D. When asking
5._________he said_________to hurt you.
A. That; didn't mean B. Which; meant
C. What; didn't mean D. As; meant
6.He made another window_________more air.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. be getting
7. I was much disappointed to see the watch I had had_________stopped again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
8.His house was damaged by a_________tree on a stormy night.
A. fallen B. falling C. to fall D. fell
9. She dislikes_________in public.
A.to be made fun of B. being made fun
C.being made fun of D. to be made fun
10. We must_________pollution_________more happily.
A. prevent; from living B. stop; living
C. prevent; to live D. keep; living
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