高三英语-主谓一致教案-新人教版.doc

“主谓一致”用法拾零
高考试题常常会涉及到“主谓一致”。使用主谓一致时，必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。下面就常见的主谓一致的用法做简单归纳，希望同学们能从中得到启发。
一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式（疑问词＋不定式）、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.
Visiting a place like this is always very interesting.
Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.
二、all（some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等）＋of＋名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数；表示单数概念用单数。例如：
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television or using computers.
While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.
三、在“名词/代词＋介宾结构＋谓语＋…”结构中，谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致，介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如：
Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.
Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there.
四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice.
Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry.
五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时，谓语动词根据quality / pair / amount的单复数确定。例如：
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
六、and连接并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示不同概念时谓语动词用复数形式；此外，and连接并列名词时，如果名词前有no / each / every / many a等修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet.
七、当表示复数概念的名词或短语作主语以及表示总称意义“形单意复”的名词（如cattle / police / people等）和常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词（clothes / goods / shoes等）作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：
Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets.
八、one of＋名词＋关系代词＋谓语时，谓语动词用复数；the (only) one of ＋名词＋关系代词＋谓语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
［比较］ Our English teacher was one of the top teachers who were praised by the headmaster.
九、主谓一致的其它考点：
1. either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；not…but…等连接主语时，谓语动词要就近选择。如：Either you or Jim goes there.
2. there be结构中，be动词后面有几个名词时，be动词跟最近的名词保持一致。如：There is one table and two desks in the room.
3. 某些单词所表示的概念是由两部分组成的，作主语时谓语动词用复数；但如果与量词构成短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数则取决于量词。如：The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers is too long.
4. 表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果表示孤立的山则用单数。如：Mount Tai is great.
5. 定冠词与形容词连用，用来表示一类人或物，作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如：
The young are planting trees.
6. population构成短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但被百分数或分数等数词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The population of our town is bigger than that of their town, but most of the population in our town are farmers.
7. one and a half＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；one or two＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；many a(n)＋单数名词及more than one＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。而more＋复数名词＋than＋one作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Nowadays many a person wants to go abroad.
One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.
8. 集合名词作主语表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；表示成员概念谓语动词用复数。常见的集合名词有family / government / public / audience等。如：
My family is a big family.
My family are fond of pop music.
9. 单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer / fish / means / sheep / series等。如：
The quickest means of traveling is by air.
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.