高中译林牛津英语模块二Unit1grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Present perfect tense,通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：,1,表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作。,I have read the book.,2,表示过去发生一次或多次的动作。,We all have played football.,3,表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与,for,since,so far,等连用。,He has taught here since ten years ago.,Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.,1 We _(study)English for about five years.,2 They _(live)in the south since their daughter was born.,3 I _(read)your article three times.Its well written.,have studied,have lived,have read,4 The student _(finish)her homework already.,5 Eric _(go)back to his hometown today.,6 The police_(finish)searching the area.,has finished,has gone,have finished,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关；现在完成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等。,完成下列句子：,I _(see)this film yesterday.,（强调看的动作发生过了）,I _(see)this film.,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）,He _(be)in the League for three years.,（在团内的状态可延续）,He _(join)the League three years ago.,（强调加入的动作发生在过去）,saw,have seen,has been,joined,一般过去时还是现在完成时？,1 They _(move)to the south in 1990 and _(live)there since then.,2 Eric _(leave)home last year and _(just come)back.,3 Justin _(be)away from home for several days.He _(disappear)last Friday.,moved,have lived,left,has just come,has been,disappeared,4 They _(buy)this house three years ago and they _(live)here since then.,5 My brother _(go)to see my grandpa last week.He _(visit)him three times this month.,bought,have lived,went,has visited,现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语：,一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语：,yesterday,last week,，,ago,in1980,in October,just now,in the past,等，皆为具体的时间状语。,现在完成时的时间状语：,for,since,already,yet,so far,up to now,ever,never,recently,lately,just,in the past,years,等，皆不确定的时间状语。,延续性与非延续性动词：,延续性动词常与,for,how long,since,等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。一些非延续性动词如,come,go,leave,die,join,marry,等如用于现在完成时，一般不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此时应改为意义相近的延续性动词来表达。,He has died.,He has been died for one year.,He has been dead for one year.,注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的,。,判断正误：,（）,Ive got his letter for a month.,（）,I got this letter a month ago.,（）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,F,T,T,比较since和for,：,Since,用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度,I have lived here for more than twenty years.,I have lived here since I was born.,注意：并非有for,时间状语的句子都用现在完成时,。,比较：,I _(work)here for more than twenty years.,（,我现在已不在这里工作,）,I _(work)here for many,years.（,现在我仍在这里工作,）,worked,have worked,用于现在完成时的,特殊句型,1）It is the first/second time.that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如,：,It is the first time that I _(visit)the city.,This is the first time that I _(hear)him sing.,注意：It,was the third time that the boy _(be)late.,have visited,have heard,had been,2）This is+,形容词最高级+that,结构，that,从句要用现在完成时。例如,：,This is the best film that I _ ever _(see).,ha,ve,se,en,典型例题,（1）-Do you know our town at all?,-No,this is the first time I _ here.,A.was,B.have been,C.came D.am coming,（2）-Have you _ been to our town before?,-No,its the first time I _ here.,A.even,come B.even,have come,C.ever,come D.ever,have come,B,D,现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中的用法：,现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中可以表示强调。,1.Ill give you the book as soon as I _(finish)it.,2.If you _(see)the film,you will like the director.,have finished,have seen,Read the diary entry on Page 8 and complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,(2)saw (3)has visited(4)loves (5)hasnt visited (6)has swum (7)has never met (8)has dived (9)has found (10)hasnt found (11)Has,been,现在完成进行时,(Present perfect continuous tense):,The first usage:,现在完成进行时表示强调某一动作在过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将持续；（持续性）,1.I have been learning English for three years.,2.He is very tired,because he has been cleaning the room.,2.,或动作刚刚停止，但与现在有关。,He is very tired,because he has been cleaning the room.,Kelly:Sorry,Im late.Have you been waiting long?,Mavis:Yes.Ive been waiting for an hour.,Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.,1.I havent been sleeping well since I returned home.,2.So weve been looking at other possibilities too,such as murder.,3.I have been swimming in the pool for long,so Im exhausted now.,现在完成进行时的构成：,have/has been+doing,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：,比较以下句子：,一,.,现在完成时表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作一直在做而且仍在继续。,1.I have read the book written by you.,2.I have been reading the book written by you this month.,二,.,现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词,(state verb,),或表示动作的动词,(action verb,),做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词,(action verb),做谓语。,I have had his book for two months.,I have already taken the photos of UFOs.,I have been taking photos of UFOs these days.,(state verb),(action verb),(action verb),动作动词,(action verb),与状态动词,(state verb),An action means something happening or changing.A state means something staying the same.Some examples of action verbs are do,go,and play.Some examples of state verbs are have,keep,know,be,stay.,完成下列句子：,状态动词只用于完成时态；而动作动词可用于完成时态与完成进行时态。,1 I _(have)this camera for five years.,2 I _(take)photos of UFOs with this camera.,have had,have taken,have been taking,三,.twice,等表示次数的词只与完成时连用；而,for,则可以与完成进行时连用。,1 I_(visit)Egypt twice this month.,2 I_(tour)Egypt for two months.,have visited,have been touring,How many times/How long,How many times,只与完成时连用；而,How long,则可以与完成进行时连用。,1 _ have you swum in the lake?,2 _ have you been swimming in the lake?,How many times,How long,四,.,always,never,yet,already and ever,不能用于完成进行时态中。,1.I _(never visit)Paris.,2.I _(already be)to Paris.,have never visited,have already been,完成下列句子：,An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can,with certain verbs,be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,rain,etc.,1 How long _ you _ (learn)English?,2 It _(snow)for a long time.,have,learnt,been learning,has snowed,has been snowing,再比较下面的句子：,I have been learning English for three years.,I learned English for three years.,I have learned English for three years.,I have written the novel.,I have been writing the novel.,Part A on Page 11:,A(1)heard (2)been doing,(3)been researching,(4)been doing (5)started,(6)done (7)read (8)found,(9)started (10)been doing,(11)been making,Part B on Page 11:,Sample answers,1 He has been waiting at an underground station.,2 They have been traveling in an UFO.It looks like a saucer.,3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.,4 They have visited Mars,Venus,Jupiter and some other planets.,1.,_ that dress when I first saw you at the station?,A.Were you wearing B.Have you worn,C.Did you wear D.do you wear,2.Kate doesnt look very well.Whats wrong with her?,She has a headache because she _ too long;she ought to stop work.,A.has been reading B.had read,C.is reading D.was reading,3.“Tell the students to stop shouting.We _ our essays.”,A.write B.have been writing,C.are writing D.have written,4.My uncle,Sam,_ manager of the firm.,A.has just made B.is just being made,C.has just been made D.is just made,5.,This is the first time that the students _ to Hyde Park.,A.have gone B.have been gone,C.have been going D.are being gone,6.She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital.,A.is doing B.has been doing,C.has done D.has been done,7.Now that you _,what are you going to do?,A.are being returned B.,have been returning,C.have been returned D.have returned,8.I _ the incident as if it were yesterday.,A.am still to remember,B.have still been remembering,C.am being still remembered,D.still remember,9.,Where_ the map?I cant see anywhere.,I _ it right here just now.,A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put,C.had you put;was putting,D.were you putting;have put,10.John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation.,A.was just asked B.was just asking,C.had just been asked D.had just asked,11.I started my teaching career at the school.That was more than twenty years ago,and I _ there ever since.,A.was B.had been,C.will be D.have been,12.We _ fine weather for the past few days.,A.have B.are having,C.have been had D.have been having,13.It _ every day so far this month.,A.is raining B.rains,C.has rained D.has been rained,14.By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines.,A.turned out B.had turned out,C.would turn out D.had been,turned out,15.Dont put the waste on the ground.,Oh,Im very sorry.I _ the dustbin there.,A.dont see B.isnt seeing,C.didnt see D.havent seen,16.Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you.We _ you back much earlier all through the night.,A.are;expect B.were;had expected,C.will be;are expecting,D.have been;were expecting,17.Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases,what worries us is that some of them are returning.,A.achieved B.has achieved,C.will achieve D.had achieved,18.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.,A.have been missing,B have got lost,C.be missing,D.get lost,19.Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop.(2006,重庆）,A.will have,B.have been given,C.have given,D.will be given,20 A:_ leave at the end of this,month.,B:I dont think you should do that,until _ another job.,A.Im going to;youd found,B.Im going to;youve found,C.Ill;youll found,D.Ill;youd found,Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook,Prepare Task,