高中现在完成时及其练习.doc

表格式现在完成时的时态和语态
现在完成时特点
要点内容

现在完成时概念
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

现在完成时标志语
already, yet, just, before，
so far,for+一段时间,since+过去时间（two years ago）或者一般过去时态的从句
recently, in the past few years“在过去的几年里” in the last few years “在最后几年里，still, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice,
on several occasion “偶尔”， now, this morning
up to （直到）these few days/weeks/months/years,
this morning/week/month/year，today,
up to present（now）“到现在为止
谓语动词的时态构成
have/has (主语是三单)+ done
谓语动词语态构成形式
have/has +been + done

温馨提示（重要考点）
1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
2.现在完成时常见的几种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语
② It is＋一段时间＋since从句 (过去时)
It has been＋一段时间＋ since从句 (过去时)
It is＋一段时间＋that从句 (现在完成时)
This／That is
the first(second,third.....)time
+现在完成时的句子
温馨提示：过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则一样，动词结尾+ed。
不规则的要逐个记忆 不规则：go-went（过去式）---gone（过去分词）
如规则的: play---played（过去式）--played（过去分词）
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
is\am fly begin
are play go
drink work make
pass does dance
worry ask taste
eat draw put
一 、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组，特殊结构的用法
1. 九个重点标志语的用法
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?
2、三词组用法区别：
（1）have<has>gone to“去了某地” ,
主语不在说话现场，通过“Where is Tom”,或者“My father isn’t in／at home.”来体现。
Is your father in? No, he has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
（2）have<has>been to“去过某地”， 通过already, yet, just, before，ever, never,
once， twice, 数字+次数times标志语来体现。
He has been to Beijing twice。 （他曾去过北京两次)
（3）have<has>been in “去了某地多久” +for+时间段(标志语)
He has been in Beijing for ten years.
（4）have<has>gone to／have<has>been to ／have<has>been in 后面接
here，there，home要省去to，in。 He has been here for two hours.
3、两结构
for two months
for +一段时间
Jim has lived here for 2 months.
since last year
since +过去点时间
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.
since 3 years ago
since 1990
since he came here
since +过去时态句子
He has been in China since he came here.
二 、 现在完成时的四个基本句型：
（1）.肯定句：主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。
Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.
They （I）have already finished their homework..
(2).否定句：主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的。
He hasn’t returned from abroad You haven’t talked.
(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的？
Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?
(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？
How long has Thomas studied Russian?

三．现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词
1.延续性动词和非延续性动的区别：
（1）延续性动词定义：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响，可以和for+时间段，since+过去时间连接。
如：learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ walk\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ sleep\ live
（2）非延续性动词：也叫终止性动词或者瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。
如：leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\ put\ put on\ get up\ wake\ fall\ join\ meet\ receive\finish\ end\ complete\ become\ come\ go\ die\ open\ close\ break\ give\ jump\ buy\ borrow
2.常见的短暂性动词分类（非延续性动词）：
（1）方向性动词：come ，go， /arrive/get to/reach ，move，leave，open，close ， join
buy /catch， borrow,lend ，get up，become，fall in
（2）开始结束性动词：start，begin，finish，end，die break， marry，lose
（3）结果性动词：hear，see,find
(温馨提示：结果性动词不用进行态，不和延续性时间连用)
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法：
表示短暂意义的动词（非延续性动词），可以用完成时，但是不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，可转换成表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表示相同的意思。
（因为for+时间段，since+过去时间是一段时间状语，属于延续性时间，要和延续性动词连用）
可以说He has arrived here.
不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago .)
可以说：He has been here for ten minutes
He has been here since ten minutes ago. )
It is ten minutes since he arrived here.
可以说： He hasn’t arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ).
Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?
He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子)

He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book.
= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （since 3 years ago。）
（用延续性动词have代替buy）
4.延续性动词和非延续性动词转换关系：
① come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
I have come here for 3 years.（错）
② leave/go →be away
He has left for 3 hours.（错）
③ begin/start →be on
The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）
④ open →be open / close → be closed
The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)
⑤ die →be dead
His father has died for 3 years.(错)
⑥ finish/end → be over
He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)
⑦ join → be in be a ….
I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧ buy /catch → have
I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）
He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）
⑨ borrow,lend → keep
I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）
还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up marry → be married become → be lose → be lost \
5、现在完成时态还常用于下列句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 He has been to Shanghai for three years.
② It is＋一段时间＋since从句 (过去时) It is two days since I arrived here.
It is＋一段时间＋that从句 (现在完成时) It is two yearss that we have lived here.
③This ／That is the first(second,third.....)time +现在完成时的句子
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
现在完成时基础练习一 （现在完成时态的标志语用法）
三. 用所给的单词填空。
A. 用 already或 yet
1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______? No, not ___________.
2) Most of us have finished our compositions ________
3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.
B.用 since或 for
1) We have learned five lessons ______ the beginning of this term.
2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______last week.
3) I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.
C. 用have gone to 或 have been to 或者have been in
1) Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.
2) Is your father in ? No, he ___ _ Shenzhen.
_______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times
3) He asked me if I ___ Hangzhou before.
I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _____ never ______ to that city before.
4）When did he arrived there? He arrived there ten years ago.He there for ten years.
5)Tom arrived in Beijign five years . He Beijing for five years .
6) Where’s Lucy? She home. 7) Jack here twice.
现在完成时基础练习二 (动词的过去式和过去分词)
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
see________ drive ________ let_______
carry______ keep_____ join______
find_______ think________ teach______
catch______  study drop
cry- _____ come buy
leave finish ____ fall _____
meet say lend
throw kick stop______
现在完成时基础练习三（谓语动词的变化形式）
1. Every student _________________ (see) the film already.
2. Kent and I __________________ (write) a song before.
3. Dick _______________ (do) the work these days.
4. The people in the mountains ________ never ________ (see) films.
5. Patty _______________ (buy) a magazine about the school life.
6. The actress ________________ (live) here all her life.
7. The glass is broken. Who ________ (break) this glass?
8. Finally the workers ______________ (finish) that job.
9. ________ you ________ (borrow) the book we talked abut last time?
10. There’s no more wine in the bottle. They ________ (drink) all of it.
11.____ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.
12.My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
13.Where’s Li Ming ? He ____ (go) to the teacher’s office.
14.Shanghai ___ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ____ (become) a large city.
15.I ___ (work) here since I ___ (move) here in 1999.
16.So far I ___(make) quite a few friends.
17.How long ___ the Wangs ___ (stay) here ? He (stay) here for ten hours.
18. You know, I (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
19.  Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time.
20._____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old?
21.Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school.
22.Is your mother at home? ------No, she ___________(go) to work.
23.  Her mother ______(become)a doctor in 1970. She ____(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.
24.He ____________(teach) English here since we ______(see) him 5 years ago.
25．I’ve lost my cat. _______________you ever _______________(see) it anywhere?
26.My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai.
27.Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet.
28. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
29.I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now.
30.I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before.
现在完成时基础性练习四（延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换）
1. The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）
The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.
The factory since ten years ago.
2.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week?
They have cleaned the room twice a week. (就划线部分提问)
_____ _____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week?
3. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）
My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.
4 .John left three years ago. （同义句）
John_______ ______ ______ ____ three years.
John since three years ago
It since John left.
5 His company closed in 2003. （同义句）
His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003.
6. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）
My father _____ _ ____ the car for ___
My father _____ _ ____ the car half a year ago.
7、The old man died last year. （同义句）
He for a year. (die)
He since last year (die)
It since .
8、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句)
　 This factory _ _______ for twenty years.
This factory since twenty years ago

9、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　 Her mother ______ _ the Party three years ________ .
10、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
　　______ two years _______ the Green family moved to France .
The Green Family France since two years ago.
11、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并句子)
_____________________________
现在完成时综合性练习一
一．用括号单词的正确形式填空。
1. Tom ________ (leave) a message for you. He ________ (call) last night.
2. I ______________ (see) the movie once before. I __________ (love) it a lot.
3. A: _________you（/hear) the news? B: yes, I ________.
A: Who _______________ (tell) you the news? B: Li Ming ______ (do)
A: When _________he (tell) you? B: Two hours ago.
4.I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ___ (see) it last week.
5.___ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet .
6.___ you ____(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _____ (be) there twice .
7. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months..
8. The little boy is dirty all over because he _____ (play) in the mud all the morning.
9. How many times _______________you _______________(be) to Beijing?
------Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago.
10. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month.
11.He joined the Party in 1990. He ______(be) a party member for 10 years.
12.It’s the most instructive lecture that I ________(attend)since I (come)to this school.
13.How long __________Uncle Wang ________(work) in this factory? ---Since 1995.
14._____you _______(mend) your bike? ------Yes. I (mend) it a moment ago.
15.  I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already.
16.  She _______________(stay) here for over 5 years.
17.The box is empty. Who _______________(eat) all the cakes?
18.He has found his bike .When _________he __________(find) it?
19. Her sister _______________ (go) to Shanghai. She ____________ (leave) this morning.
20.My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river.
My friend Wang Hai _______________ (swim) in the river for ten years.
My friend Wang Hai _______________ (swim) in the river yesterday.
21.The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago. The teacher _________ (be) in Beijing for two days.
二． 每处划线中有错误，在题后改正
1.       Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.
2.       Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.
3.       I have gone to Beijing three times.
4.       Jim isn’t here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.
5.       She has lived there since 8 years.
6.       Has he been a teacher for 1990?
7.       I lived here since 3 months ago.
8.       Have you finished the work yet? ------Yes, I did.
9.       Jim’s brothers has made m