牛津高中英语模块五语言点.doc

牛津高中英语模块五语言点 2012/8/10Unit 1 Getting along with others一、Reading1. betray: vt. 背叛，出卖，泄露 betray sth to sb: 向某人出卖泄露betray oneself: 露出原形betrayal: bitrel n. 背叛 He would rather die than betray the document to the enemy. She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight. 她说她很难过，但她的眼神里却露出她内心的喜悦。 an act of betrayal: 背叛的行为2. (Page 2, Lines 8-9) I must have soundedquiz, saying how easy it was. must have done: 一定做过 “saying how easy it was”为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。3. fail sth: 未能通过fail to do sth: 未能做 I failed my driving test the first time I took it. He never fails to write to his mother every week. 4. pretend sth: 假装，扮作pretend to do sth: 假装做 pretend that: 假装 He pretended illness as an excuse. Tom pretended to be reading a book when the teacher came in. She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.5. admit (admitted；admitting): vt. (1) 承认 admit (doing) sth: 承认做admit that: 承认 admit sb to be + n / adj: 承认某人是 He admitted having stolen that car. / He admitted that he had stolen the car. We all admit him to be a fool. (2) 允许进入，接受,录取 admit sb to / into sth: 允许进入 Each ticket admits two people to the party. Tom has been admitted into Peking University.6. beg (sb) to do sth: 恳请（某人）做 beg (sb) for sth: 恳请（某人）beg (for) sth: 乞讨 I beg you not take any risks. He begged her for forgiveness. John was so poor that he had to beg money from passers-by.7. keep ones secret: 保守秘密keep ones word / promise: 遵守诺言break ones word / promise: 违背诺言8. (Page 2, Line 18) paper that said say: vt. 写到，表明；显示 read: vt. 写着；指示，显示 The clock said it was 7: 30. I noticed a sign reading / saying “ No Parking!”.9. swear (swore, sworn): vt. & vi. (1) 发誓，宣誓 swear to do sth: 发誓做 swear that: 发誓 Mona swore never to return to home. Victor swore that he would get his revenge(复仇). (2) 咒骂，诅咒 swear at sb: 咒骂Rich(里奇) tripped over a dog and swore at it.10. spy on sth: 监视窥探 These days I have been spying on the enemys movements.11. focus: vt. & vi. 集中注意力于；(使)聚焦 n. 焦点，重点 focus sth on sth: 集中于 focus on sth: 集中注意 The recent wave of bombing has focused public attention on the area. I was so tired to focus on anything. The focus of the conference is on environmental issues.12. manner: n. 方式；举止，态度C manners: n. (1) 礼貌，礼仪 (2) 风俗，习惯 in this manner: 用这种方式table manners: 餐桌礼仪Its good / bad manners to do sth: 做有无礼貌 He objected in a forceful manner. 他坚决反对。 Its bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 满嘴都是食物说话不礼貌。13. guilty: adj. 内疚的，有罪的be / feel guilty about (doing) sth: 因为而内疚be guilty of sth: 犯罪 I feel guilty about not visiting him often. He was found guilty. 他被判有罪。 The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。14. remark: n. & v. 谈论，评论，谈到 make a remark about sb: 议论make no remark: 不加评论remark on sth: 谈论remark that: 谈到，说起 She could hear others were making rude remarks about her. I couldnt help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。 The boys were guilty of theft. 这些男孩犯盗窃罪。 Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意。15.argue with sb about / over sth: 因为与某人争吵 argue that: 认为argue sb into / out of doing sth: 说服某人（不）做argument: n. 争论；争吵；争议；论点；论据 We are arguing with each other over the holiday expenses. He argued that more importance should be attached to the reform of the criminals. They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。因为向某人道歉16. apologize to sb for sth: make an apology to sb for sth: We apologize for the late departure of this flight.17. be sensitive to sb: (1) 对体贴 (2) 对敏感 She has been sensitive to his husband since they got married. A writer mustnt be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反映过激。18. blame: vt. 责备，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责Ublame sb for (doing) sth: 因为责备某人 blame sth on sb: 把归咎于sb be to blame for sth: 某人因为应受责备take the blame: 承担责任 A bad workman blames his tools. 拙匠埋怨工具差。 Teachers always blame the students for their rude behaviors. You should not blame your failure on the difficulty of the paper. It is I who am to blame for the mistake. You cant expect Jerry to take all the blame.二、Project1. the attitude towards sth: 对于的态度 What is your attitude towards your schoolwork?2. anchor: v. (1) 扎根于； (2) 抛锚，停船； (3) 固定 n. 锚，支柱 drop / cast anchor: 抛锚be anchored in sth: 扎根于 They brought the boat into the harbor and dropped anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊。 We anchored the tent with pegs. 我们用桩子固定帐篷。 Literature must be anchored on our life. Home is his anchor when he is away on business.3. be cautious about sth: 对小心谨慎 cautiousness: n. 小心谨慎U These people are cautious about spending money. 这些人用钱仔细。4. be eager to do sth: 急于做 be eager for sth: 急于渴望 Clara(克莱拉) was eager to tell her side of the story. 克莱拉急于讲述她对那件事的看法。 She was eager for success.5. respond: vi. 作出反应；回答 respond to sth / respond that: 对.作出反应；回答 She responded to my letter with a phone call. The doctor responded that he couldnt tell the name of the disease.6. response: n. 反应；回应；答复 in response to sth: 以回应make response to sth: 回应make no response: 不作回答 The laws were passed in response to public pressure. He made no response to my question.7. regardless: adv. (1) 不管怎样；无论如何（用在句末） (2) regardless of sth: 不管，不顾 You get a lot of criticism, but you have to carry on regardless. All our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits(价值，优点).8. end up: 结果为；以.结束 end up + 介词短语adjdoing If you continue to steal, you will end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。 If he carries on driving like that, hell end up dead. 他照那样开车，早晚得丢命。 Because he had made full preparations for the interview, he ended up working in the company.9. be committed to sth / sb: ；忠于 This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment. 这个开发区致力于创造一个完美的投资环境。 She was strongly committed to her job, a policewoman by eminence. 她非常忠于职守，一个卓越的女警。因为与某人吵架10. quarrel with sb about sth: have a quarrel with sb about sth:We arent going to quarrel with each other about a few dollars. 11. in conclusion / to conclude: 总之In conclusion, Id like to thank you for all youve done for me. 最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。 12. mercy: n. 仁慈，怜悯，宽容at the mercy of sb: 任由摆布怜悯某人show mercy to sb: have mercy on sb: leave sb to the mercy / mercies of sb: 任凭某人受摆布 They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. The terrorists showed no mercy the refugees(难民). He wont leave the cat to the mercy of the boy.13. get through: vt. 完成；通过；批准通过 get through to sb / sth: 到达；接通的电话 get through a task / an exam. Millions of refugees will die if these supplies dont get through to them. With great efforts, I finally got through to the manager.14. acquaintance: n. (1) 熟人；泛泛之交C (2) 认识，了解U, C结识 make ones acquaintance: make the acquaintance of sb: of ones acquaintance: 所认识理解的on first acquaintance: 初次相见时 I am delighted to make your acquaintance. a certain lawyer of my acquaintance. Even on first acquaintance, we could see he wasnt the right type. 初次见面就看出他不是对路子的人。Unit 2 The environment一、Reading1. debate: vt. & n. 辩论，争论，讨论debate sth with sb: 与争论讨论open a debate: 展开讨论under debate: 在讨论辩论中debater: 辩论者 We opened a heated debate about the bill(议案) with them. The whole question of compensation(赔偿) is still under debate.2. floor: 发言权 open the floor: 自由发言take the floor: 开始发言have the floor: 有发言权 The president then took the floor and answered the journalists questions. The senator(参议员) have no floor in the debate.3. Atimes + what 从句: 几倍于 The company can produce 10 times what it did last year.4. cut back on sth: 减少，削减 We must cut back on the waste to save the environment.5. have a duty to do sth: 有义务责任做be on duty / off duty: 值班下班 Local councilors have a duty to serve the community. 地方议员有义务为社区服务。6. be greedy for sth: 贪图 As we know, the corrupt officials are always greedy for money and fame.7. credit: n. (1) 赞扬，认可 (2) 信用 (3) 学分C (4) 存款U；借款C creditable: kreditbl adj. 值得赞扬的，可信的 a creditable attemptgive sb credit to sb: 赞扬认可be in credit: 有存款 You should give him some credit for all the efforts he has put in. There are no bank charges if you stay in debt. The drama course should give me enough credits to finish my degree.8. a large quantity of + nU, C: 许多的 （作主语，谓语动词根据该结构中的名词形式变化） Large quantities of + nU, C: 许多的（作主语，谓语动词用复数形式） A large quantity of money has been spent on the research. A large quantity of books were donated to these children. Large quantities of time / cars were wasted.9. ask around: 四处打听 I will ask around and see if anyone can help.10. pump: vt. (1) 用泵输送； (2) 给打气； (3) 倾注，灌注（into）vi. 涌出；涌流 n. 泵，抽水机，打气筒 pump sth + 介词 + n The heart pumps blood around the body. Pump air into a tyre. He pumped plenty of funds into the new project. 他向新工程倾注了大量的资金。 Blood was pumping out of his belly like a fountain. 血像喷泉似的从他腹部涌出。11. sth run out: 用光run out of sth: 用光use sth up: 用光 Lets hurry, our time is running out. We have ran out of what we had at hand.12. responsibility: n. (1) 责任U (2) 义务C take responsibility for sth: 对负责have a responsibility to do sth: 有义务做 He took full responsibility for organizing such an activity. Everyone has a responsibility to try out more methods in his study.二、Grammar1. 动词 + it + when / if 从句： enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。It指代if从句或when从句所叙述的内容。例如： She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。 I prefer it if I didnt have do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。 I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。2. impress: vt. (1) 使印象深刻，打动impress sb with sth: 用打动某人给某人留下印象be impressed by / with sth: 因为被打动而留下印象 He impressed her with his sincerity(真诚). I was deeply impressed by his story.(2) 使铭记，铭刻impress sth on sb / impress on sb sth: 使某人铭记；铭刻在上 The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 经理让办公室职员铭记做精确记录的重要性。 His words impress themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里。3. impression: n. 印象，感想first impression: 第一印象make an impression on sb: 给留下印象be under the impression that: 原以为，误认为 First impression can be deceptive(骗人的). It was their determination that made a deep impression on me. I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来。4. conflict: vi. 冲突，抵触 n. 冲突，矛盾conflict with sth: 与抵触冲突be in conflict with sth: 与抵触冲突 Their account(描述) of the event conflicted with ours. Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries. They dont have religious beliefs(宗教信仰) that would be in conflict with Linas choice.5. opening: n. 开口，孔，洞 开始，开端 the opening of a book / a speech 开张，开业 the opening of the new sports center6. drill: v. 钻孔，打眼 n. 训练，练习 drill for oil: 钻井探油 They are drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 他们正在泰晤士河底下钻一条新隧道。 fire-drill：消防演习 pronunciation drills: 发音练习7. at a nation level: 从国家方面At the national level, Jamaicas disaster management program is managed by the National Disaster Committee (NDC) and its six sub-committees.8. in flames: 在烈焰中，燃烧着 The whole building went up in flames. 整栋建筑物在大火中烧毁。 The airplanes were shot down in flames. 飞机被击中起火坠落。三、Project1. raise concern: 引起关注在国内外2. nationally and internationallyat home and abroad The great fire raised great concern nationally and internationally.3. range: n. 范围；一系列；山脉；靶场，射击场 vi. (1) (在范围内) 变化 (2) 包括 (3) 排列 a range of sth: 一系列.a wide / broad / whole range of sth: 各种各样的range from sth to sth / range between sth and sth: 在与之间变化in / within range (of sth): 在（的）范围内out of range (of sth): 超出（的）范围；在（的）范围以外 We have students from a wide range of background. 我们的学生来自各种不同的背景。 She had different plenty of jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor. The great mountain range of the Alps: 雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉。 a rifle range: 步枪靶场 The cat stayed well out of range of the children.这只猫离孩子们远远的。4. put sth in danger: 使危险 Corruption will make the dam in danger when heavy flood occurs.5. in / with regard to sth关于regardingconcerning I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. She said nothing regarding your request. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.6. be under way: 进行中 The plan is now well under way.7. appreciate: vt. 欣赏；感激；理解 I would appreciate it + if 从句: 如果，我将不胜感激。 appreciation: pri:iein n. 欣赏，感激appreciative: pri:ieitiv adj. 有欣赏力的，感激的 be appreciative of sth: 感激 His ability was fully appreciated by his employer. I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down. To show our appreciation for your work, wed like to give you a bonus. Im most appreciative of your generosity.8. let off: vt. (1) 宽恕，不惩罚 (2) 放（枪等），使爆炸 They let us off. The boys were letting off fireworks.9. public transport: 公共交通10. (Page 39, Line 20) You should find ways to use them again without throwing them away. without= instead of 11. absorb: vt. 吸收，理解，使全神贯注 be absorbed in sth: 专心于 Plants absorb nutrients from soil. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. Absorbed in his study, he didnt notice I came in.12. do ones part: 尽的职责 Everyone should do his part to make contributions for his motherland.Unit 3 Science and nature一、Reading1. (Page 42, Line 3) point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce 当宾语从句是主从复合句，而且从句在前时，that不可以省略；当宾语从句后的主从复合句中的从句在后时，that可以省略。例如： Father promised that if I studied harder he would take me to Beijing. Father promised (that) he take me to Beijing if I studied harder.2. be on ones way to doing sth: 就快 He is well on his way to becoming an officer of the company. 他就快当上公司的高官了。3. intention: n. 意图，目的，打算 with the intention of sth: 怀着的意图有意做have the intention of doing sth: have the intention to do sth: He went to the library with the intention of finding some valuable books. We have no intention of deserting the land we have occupied.4. adopt: vt. 领养，收养 采用，采纳 adopted: adj. 领养的，过继的 adoption: n. 领养，收养 采用，采纳 Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan(孤儿). adopted son