初中英语作文写作技巧.doc

中考指导：五个步骤写好中考英语作文书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查，涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容，以下就中考书面表达的写作方法和注意事项进行指导：一、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如ago，last过去时next，in将来时等人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。例如：Thanks to the teachers， we have improved our English。其中we和our就是人称的统一。格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。别注意文章要有开头和结尾。三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。常用连接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second And then，Finally，In the end2.表并列补充关系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition3.表转折对比关系的：However，On the contrary，butAlthough+clause( 从句)，In spite of+n/doing，On the one hand，On the other handSome，while others4.表因果关系的：Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result5.表换一种方式表达：In other words6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n/doing7.表陈述事实：In fact8.表达自己观点：As far as I know，In my opinion9.表总结：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautifulandprosperous。状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment， ourhometown will become clean and beautiful。动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes。Its bad for our eyes to read books in the sun。常用状语从句句型：1)时间when，notuntil，as soon as2)目的so that+clause；to do( 为了)3)结果sothat+clause，tooto do(太以至于)4)条件if，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)5)让步though，although，even though，even ifno matter what/when/where/who/which/how6)比较asas，not soas，than五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：1.We live more and more comfortable。改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers。改正：much information(不可数名词由much修饰)3.There has many programs in TV。改正：There are many programs on TV。(There be句型和介词短语)4.I think ride a bike can keep our health。改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy。(动名词作主语)建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章，特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法，适当运用于自己的文章中。初中英语作文高分秘诀1. 动笔之前，认真审题中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 围绕中心，拟定提纲书面表达评分原则有四条：（1）内容要点；（2）运用词汇和结构的数量；（3）运用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。由此可见，要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散，废话连篇，严重跑题。书面表达，内容广泛，题材多样，要弄清考题的要求是写人、叙事、介绍、评论、图表、书信、日记、通知、便条还是看图作文或改写缩写。如果是日记，要写清年、月、日和天气情况；如果是书信，则要注意书信的格式，注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。3. 语言通顺，表达准确(1) 避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2) 多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1) 语态、时态要准确无误。2) 主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3) 注意人称代词的宾格形式。4) 注意冠词用法，例如： He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。5) 注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive, believe, fourteen, forty, ninth, restaurant等。标点符号特别注意汉英的不同，例如： 汉语 英语 A. 句号 。 . B. 省略号 C. 顿号 、 无(4) 描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1) 外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, ordinary-looking 等。2) 服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3) 内心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested 等。4) 感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5) 动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch 等。(5) 上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：1) 表示并列关系的过渡词：and, as well as, or 2) 表示转折关系的过渡词：but, yet, however 3) 表示时间关系的过渡词：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, after a few days, at last, at that time, later, in the past, immediately, in the meanwhile, when, while, then, after that 4) 表示空间关系的过渡词：near (to), far (from), in the front of, beside, behind, beyond, above, below, to the right, to the left, on one side, on the other side of, outside 5) 表示比较关系的过渡词：in the same way, just like, just as 6) 表示对照关系的过渡词：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, in spite of, even though 7) 表示递进关系的过渡词： also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, again 8) 表示因果关系的过渡词：because, since, then, thus, otherwise, so, therefore ,as a result9) 表示解释说明的过渡词：for example, in fact, in this case, for, actually 10) 表示强调的过渡词：in fact, indeed, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, most important 11) 表示目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, so as to, in order to, 12) 表示列举的过渡词：for example , such as 13) 表示总结性的过渡词：finally, at last, in a word, in general, in all, in a word, generally speaking 4. 不会表达，另辟蹊径中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。(1) 迂回而行当汉语词义不会用英语表达时，可以想一个与这个汉语词义相似的几种词义。扩展思路，然后从英语中找出一个与其词义相近的代替。这样可有异曲同工之妙。(2) 小词大用汉语中有些语意看来很复杂很文雅，但在英语中可用一些常用词表达。下面这些词可能在你的书面表达中很有用：take, have, get, make, come, go, do, see, show, happy, nice, kind, help 等。(3) 借花献佛有时书面表达中需要的单词或词组或许在试卷中的其他地方出现。因为刚刚做过题，记忆犹新，那么就可信手拈来，为我所用。5. 锦上添花，量力而行如果你还有时间和精力，想把书面表达写得更好，那么，请注意以下几点：(1) 句型多样化，不要I（We）到底，使人觉得乏味。(2) 适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。(3) 进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用定语从句。(4) 适当使用分词或分词短语，烘托谓语动词。(5) 偶尔使用一下倒装句，增加新鲜感。(6) 适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置，使句子不雷同。(7) 上下句子紧接时，其中完全相同的成分可以省略，以节省篇幅。6. 书写工整，卷面整洁字迹要清晰，让阅卷人看得清楚，不可字迹潦草，难以辨认，要保持卷面的整洁。7. 写完之后，勿忘检查中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1) 格式是否有错。(2) 拼写有无错误。(3) 语言是否用错。(4) 时态、语态错误。(5) 标点错误。(6) 人称是否用错。【注意】此时不宜在卷面上作较大的改动，以免顾此失彼，影响全局。总之，只要平时同学们多练习写作并有意运用上述方法和技巧，合理分配时间，在中考时一定能写出高质量的作文，得到令人满意的考分。 中考复习题（词汇）数字： first（第一） second（第二） third（第三） ninth（第九） twelfth（第十二） twenty（二十）twentieth（第二十） 依次类推 thirtieth（第三十） fortieth（第四十）。月份：January（一月） February（二月） April（四月）August（八月）September（九月） October（十月） November（十一月） December（十二月）星期：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday成功：success(名)-successful(形)-successfully(副)-succeed(动)The launch of Shenzhou is a great success. He succeeded in solving the problem.The film is very successful. 死：die(动)-dead(形)-death(名) He died 10 years ago. The man was found dead in his home yesterday. The death of my dog made me sad.幸运：luck(名)lucky(形)-luckily(副) Good luck with you! You are lucky to pass the exam. Luckily, he wasnt badly hurt.危险：danger(名)dangerous(形) The girl is in danger. Its dangerous to play with fire.反义词：Possibleimpossible(不可能); politeimpolite（不礼貌）; correct-incorrect（不正确）; activeinactive（消极）; fairunfair（不公平）; carecareless（粗心）; kindunkind最新中考英语写作技巧汇总（一）掌握技巧：（1）注意篇章结构，合理布局一般为三段式开始部分（openingparagraph）说出文中的要点、核心问题。正文部分（Bodyparagraphs）围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。结尾部分（concludingparagraphs）对全文的总结和概括。要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。（2）确定主题句主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。写主题句应注意以下几点：归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点提炼出一句具有概括性的话主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。（二）巧用连接词要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词（三）掌握常用句型：下面只列举比较常用的。1.inorderto为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。He worked very hard in order tor ealize his dream.3.sothat他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.5.wouldratherthan他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。He would rather listen to others than talk himself.8.notonlybutalso在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons , but also received her doctors degree.9.eitheror如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10.Neithernor他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。He is a boring man. He likes neither enter tainment nor reading.11.aswellas他善良又乐于助人。He was kind as well as helpful.12.aswell这个小孩活泼又可爱。The child is active and funny as well.13.Onetheother 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.14.Someothers每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。Every one is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.16.notuntil直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.19.finditadjtodo我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to taked own notes while listening.写作技巧专题复习如何开篇：技巧一：主旨设问更给力 I think its very important for us to do sports. Why? Because its good for our health and study. I think its very important for us to protect environment. Why? Because its good for living. I think its very important for us to learn English. Why? Because its the most-widely used language in the world. 技巧二：头文字D-从D开始，从我们到我 Different people have different _, but/and I have/prefer _如何写正文：一句型变化扩张扩张原则1：表达观点要“自我”Inmyopinion,weshouldpaymuchmoreattentionontheweaksubjects!扩张原则2：两句之间要过渡Ileftmypenathome.Whatwasworse,thedrugstorewasclosedthatday.变形原则3：凡是问题阐述用形容词句型！普通级句型Theenvironmentisbad.比较级句型Theenvironmentisgettingmuchworsethanbefore.Theenvironmentisgettingworseandworse最高级句型Ihaveneverseentheworseenvironment.变形原则5：表达作用多用it句式isawayto阅读能帮助我放松自己。Readingisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.看电影能帮助我们学习英语。WatchingmoviesisawonderfulwaytolearnEnglish.变形原则6：增强情感转感叹阅读对我们很有益.Howbeneficialitisforustoread！作运动对学生很重要.Howimportantitisforstudentstodosports.变形原则7：事情到感情句型Itmakessb.feelthatIwasveryhappythatIgotanAinEnglishlastterm.ItmakesmefeelhappythatIgotanAinEnglishlastterm.变形原则8：形容词句型升级：itisoneofthemostItwasanunusualexperienceinmylife.Itwasoneofthemostunusualexperienceinmylife.变形原则12：活用therebe结合定从:Manyreasonsmademelikereading.TherearemanyreasonswhyIenjoyreading列举式结构: firstofall,secondly,besides,whatsmore,lastbutnotleast,Foronething,Foranother,三.词汇变化变化原则1：make更有feelAfterdoingsports,Ifeelrelaxed.Itmakesmefeelrelaxedtodosports.ImadeaprogressinEnglish.Ifeelproud.ItmakesmefeelproudtomakeaprogressinEnglish.变化原则2：连词不再用and 增补notonlybutalso,aswellas进阶what smore/worse,furthermore转折while,however变化原则3：喜欢不再like用befondof,enjoy,becrazyaboutIamfondofreadingbooks.变化原则4：凡是提出措施咱尽量不用should！用“suppose”、“hadbetter”，“havenochoicebut”，“itsourdutyto”如何结尾1.各种号召-事不宜迟Dontputitoff.2.各种越-多多益善the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓越就越Thebetterwetakecareoftheenvironment,themorebeautifultheworldwillbe.2.名言警句学习类Practicemakesperfect.运动类Romewasnotbuiltinaday.环保类Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.爱好类Interestisthebestteacher.没有？编呗！Oncetherewasagreatmansaid“”.议论文结构开头方式：Inmyopinion,we,students,aresupposedtotakemoreafter-classactivities!议点阐述：TherearemanyreasonswhyIsupportit!(列举式)总结陈述：Aboveall,itissoobviousthatwe.(强调主题！)开头方式: Inmyopinion,we,students,aresupposedtotakemoreafter-classactivities!议点阐述：TherearemanyreasonswhyIsupportit!(列举式)总结陈述：Aboveall,itissoobviousthatwe.(强调主题！)一、英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：Hownicetohearfromyouagain.Letmetellyousomethingabouttheactivity.ImgladtohavereceivedyourletterofApr.9th.ImpleasedtohearthatyourecomingtoChinaforavisit.ImwritingtothankyouforyourhelpduringmystayinAmerica三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recentlywevehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould.（导入话题）Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Mostofthestudentsareinfavourofit.（正方观点）Herearethereasons.First.Second.Finally.(列出23个赞成的理由)第3段：However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.（反方观点）Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace.Whatsmore.Inaddition.(列出23个反对的理由)结论：第4段：Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoreharmthangood,soIsupportit.（个人观点）2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段：SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that . Another reason is that.(赞同A的原因)第3段:Ofcourse,Balsohasadvantagestosomeextent.(列出12个B的优势)结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that .(得出结论)3.观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavourofthedecision.（亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.（过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23个赞成或反对的理由) 结论：第3段：Inconclusion,Ibelievethat.（照应第1段，构成总分总结构）4.Howto类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all. Another way to solve the problem is . Finally.(列出23个解决此类问题的办法)结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to.(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)一、常见的插入语有形容词(词组)、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、介词短语、从句以及固定短语。1.常见的形容词(词组)、副词作插入语的有:sureenough(果然);strange;worsestill(更糟糕的是); most important(最重要的是); honestly; obviously; however; otherwise; luckily; unfortunately; besides; first; second; especially; surprisingly等。 例如: Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth. We must do the experiment carefully; otherwise youll get another result. Honestly, I dont need it at the moment. He likes the country, especially in spring 2.常见的不定式有:to tell the truth; to be short(简单地);to begin with(首先); to be sure(自然、当然、果然);to be honest/frank; to make things worse; to make a long story short; to speak of(值得一提的是),to be fair ,to sum up(概括地说) 等。这些插入语表示说话人的态度,在句子中作独立成份。4.常见的介词短语有:in fact; in addition; in a word; on the other hand; in other words; in ones opinion; in that case; by the way; of course; as a rule(通常);to ones surprise; for example; on the contrary(相反);in a way(在某点上、在某种程度上); for one thing; for another (thing)等。例如:In a way, I think we both won in the game