初中英语语法目录.doc

初中英语语法
目录
1.1 名词复数的规则变化-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化-----------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化--------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.4 不可数名词量的表示-----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
1.5 定语名词的复数-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.6 不同国家的人的单复数--------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.7 名词的格--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2. 冠词和数词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.2 定冠词的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.3 零冠词的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.4 冠词与形容词+名词结构-------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.5 冠词位置---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.6 数词---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
3. 代词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
3.1 人称代词的用法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换----------------------------------------------------------------------9
3.3 代词的指代问题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.4 并列人称代词的排列顺序-----------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.5 物主代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
3.6 双重所有格-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.7 反身代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
3.8 相互代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
3.9 指示代词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
3.10 疑问代词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
3.11 关系代词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor---------------------------------------------------------------16
3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones-----------------------------------------------------------------16
3.14 代词比较辩异 one，that 和it----------------------------------------------------------------17
3.15 one/another/the other----------------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.16 “the”的妙用----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.17 anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each-------------------------------------------------18
3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none-------------------------------------------------------------19
3.19 many, much----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.20 few, little, a few, a little---------------------------------------------------------------------------20
4. 形容词和副词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体-----------------------------------------------------------------------22
4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序--------------------------------------------------------------------22
4.5 副词及其基本用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
4.6 兼有两种形式的副词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------23
4.7 形容词与副词的比较级--------------------------------------------------------------------------23
4.8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as--------------------------------------------------------------------24
4.9 比较级形容词或副词 + than--------------------------------------------------------------------25
4.10 可修饰比较级的词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
4.11 many,old 和 far----------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
4.12 the + 最高级 + 比较范围----------------------------------------------------------------------26
4.13 和more有关的词组-----------------------------------------------------------------------------27
5. 动词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
5.1 系动词------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
5.2 什么是助动词---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
5.3 助动词be的用法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
5.4 助动词have的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
5.5 助动词do 的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
5.6 助动词shall和will的用法---------------------------------------------------------------------31
5.7 助动词should,would的用法-------------------------------------------------------------------32
5.8 短语动词-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
5.9 非谓语动词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
6. 动名词------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
6.2 worth 的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
7. 动词不定式------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
7.2 不定式作补语--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
7.3 不定式主语-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.----------------------------------------------------------------------------36
7.5 不定式作表语---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
7.6 不定式作定语---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
7.7 不定式作状语---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
7.8 用作介词的to---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
7.9 省to 的动词不定式-------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
7.10 动词不定式的否定式----------------------------------------------------------------------------38
7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…------------------------------------------------------------------39
7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to---------------------------------------------------------------------39
7.13 不定式的特殊句型Why not-------------------------------------------------------------------40
7.14 不定式的时态和语态----------------------------------------------------------------------------40
7.15 动名词与不定式----------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
8. 特殊词精讲-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
8.2 forget doing/to do-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
8.3 remember doing/to do-----------------------------------------------------------------------------41
8.4 regret doing/to do----------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
8.5 cease doing/to do------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
8.6 try doing/to do--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
8.7 go on doing/to do-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
8.8 be afraid doing/to do-------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
8.9 be interested doing/to do--------------------------------------------------------------------------43
8.10 mean to doing/to do------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
8.11 begin(start) doing/to do--------------------------------------------------------------------------43
8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do-------------------------------------------------------------------------43
9. 分词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
9.2 分词作状语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44
9.3 连词+分词(短语)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
9.4 分词作补语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
9.5 分词作表语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
9.6 分词作插入语---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------45
9.7 分词的时态------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
9.8 分词的语态------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
10. 独立主格---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47
10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格-------------------------------------------------------------------47
11. 动词的时态------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------48
11.2 一般过去时的用法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
11.3 used to / be used to--------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
11.4 一般将来时----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
11.5 be going to / will-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------50
11.6 be to和be going to-------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
11.7 一般现在时表将来-------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来-------------------------------------------------------------------------51
11.9 现在完成时----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
11.10 比较过去时与现在完成时--------------------------------------------------------------------51
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型-----------------------------------------------------------------------52
11.12 比较since和for--------------------------------------------------------------------------------53
11.13 since的四种用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词--------------------------------------------------------------------------54
11.15 过去完成时--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54
11.16 用一般过去时代替完成时--------------------------------------------------------------------55
11.17 将来完成时--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
11.18 现在进行时--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56
11.19 不用进行时的动词-----------------------------------------------------------------------------56
11.20 过去进行时--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
11.21 将来进行时--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
11.22 一般现在时代替将来时-----------------------------------------------------------------------57
11.23 一般现在时代替过去时-----------------------------------------------------------------------58
11.24 一般现在时代替完成时-----------------------------------------------------------------------58
11.25 一般现在时代替进行时-----------------------------------------------------------------------58
11.26 现在进行时代替将来时-----------------------------------------------------------------------58
11.27 时态一致-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
11.28 时态与时间状语--------------------------------------------------------------------------------58
12. 动词的语态-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
12.1 let 的用法------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59
12.2 短语动词的被动语态----------------------------------------------------------------------------59
12.3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组-----------------------------------------------------------------59
12.4 不用被动语态的情况----------------------------------------------------------------------------60
12.5 主动形式表示被动意义-------------------------------------------------------------------------61
12.6 被动形式表示主动意义-------------------------------------------------------------------------61
12.7 need/want/require/worth------------------------------------------------------------------------61
13. 句子的种类------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61
13.1 祈使句结构----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
13.2 感叹句结构----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63
13.3 强调句结构----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------64
13.4 用助动词进行强调-------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
13.5 反意疑问句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65
14. 倒装---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67
14.2 倒装句之部分倒装-------------------------------------------------------------------------------68
14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装----------------------------------------------------------------------69
14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装---------------------------------------------------------------------69
14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况-----------------------------------------------------------------------69
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句-----------------------------------------------------------------------70
14.7 其他部分倒装-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70
15. 主谓一致---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70
15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数----------------------------------------------------------------71
15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则-------------------------------------------------------------------------71
15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致-------------------------------------------------------------------71
15.4 谓语需用单数-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------71
15.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数-------------------------------------------------------------------72
15.6