职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案.docx

职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案

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职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解
理工类(A级)
　　第l部分：词汇选项  (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth．
　　A take out      B break off
　　C push in       D dig up

　　2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September．
　　A play    B show
　　C send    D tell

　　3 This table is strong and durable．
　　A long-lasting    B extensive
　　C far-reaching    D eternal

　　4 He endured great pain before he finally expired
　　A fired    B resigned
　　C died     D retreated

　　5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror．
　　A smiling    B laughing
　　C shouting    D staring

　　6 The index is the government’s chief．gauge of future economic activity
　　A measure    B opinion
　　C method     D decision

　　7 It’s sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first．
　　A workable    B reasonable
　　C possible     D available

　　8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water．
　　A boiled    B polluted
　　C mixed    D sweetened

　　9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position
　　A maintain    B better
　　C acquire    D support

　　10 She stood there，trembling with fear．
　　A jumping    B crying
　　C moving     D shaking

　　11 Medical facilities are being upgraded．
　　A expanded    B repaired
　　C improved    D transferred

　　12 Rock climbing is hazardous
　　A interesting    B dangerous
　　C attractive      D useful

　　13 John is eligible for this job．
　　A accepted    B recommended
　　C rejected   D recommended

　　14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production．
　　A involve    B decrease
　　C speed up   D give up

　　15  Mary looked pale and weary．
　　A worried    B ugly
　　C silly       D exhausted
　　第2部分：阅读判断  (第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
　　Mother Nature Shows Her Strength

　　Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening．The storms were dramatic and dangerous．

　　George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的)cloud was behind him．“I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud．It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while．It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared．”Snyder said．

　　Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern 0hio on Saturday．In Trumbull County，a tornado turned trees onto their sides．Some trees fell onto houses and cars．Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down．

　　Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began．“I knew something was wrong, ”he said．“I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)．Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house．I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection．”

　　The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area．It will take a long time and much money to repair everything．There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms．The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes．

　　The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river．More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County．The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses． Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high water．This made it difficult for fire trucks，police Cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble．

　　Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety．Some people reported five feet of water in their homes．Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走)．’The Red Cross served meals to them．

　　“This was a really intense storm，”said Snyder．“People were afraid．Mother Nature can be fierce．We were lucky this time．No one was killed”

　　16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　17 George Snyder was a firefighter．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　18 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began.
　　A Right    B Wrong     C Not mentioned

　　19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned

　　22 Several people were missing during the storm．
　　A Right    B Wrong    C Not mentioned
　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子  (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1--~4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27,-~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　Earth Angels

　　1  Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action．Joying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaign．She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean．With the help of others．Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice．cream buckets．The buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beach．The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach．Two years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片)．
　　2  People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Colorado．have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife． Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River．The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife．Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there．They also made decisions about．among other things。where fences and parking areas should be built．
　　3  Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil．It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。Texas．They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water--a real danger in rural areas．where people live off the water on their 1and．The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue．Now．the“Don’t Be Crude”program runs oil．collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons--where people in the community can dispose of their oil．
　　4  Five years ago．11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water．His dream began in the first grade when he 1earned that people were dying because they didn’t have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well．“We really take water for granted，”says Ryan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada．“In other countries．you have to plan for it．”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars． His efforts led to the start of the Ryan’s Well Foundation，which raises money for clean water and health．related services for people in African countries and developing countries．
　　23 Paragraph 1           
　　24 Paragraph 2           
　　25 Paragraph 3            
　　26 Paragraph 4    

　　A Provide Clean Water
　　B Dig 0il Wells
　　C Save Clean Water
　　D Don’t Litter
　　E Don’t Be Crude
　　F Protect Wildlife

　　27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to             
　　28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to             
　　29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to                
　　30    Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to
　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇

　　Technology Transfer in Germany

　　When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success．few nations can match Germany．Since the 1 940s．the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退1 over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．

　　Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought．after technologies．But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies．

　　Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success．but it is not without its critics． These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven，flee and widely available will Suffer．Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years．

　　Ⅵmile this debate continues．new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer．

　　Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．It continues to grow．Last year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin．Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia．

　　31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
　　A Technology transfer．     
　　B Good management
　　C Hard work．
　　D Fierce competition

　　32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
　　A  It is free．
　　B  It is profit—driven．
　　C  It is widely available．
　　D  It is curiosity—driven．

　　33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in
　　A  Asia．
　　B  USA．
　　C  Europe．
　　D  Africa．

　　34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
　　A  In 1940.
　　B  Last year．
　　C  After the unification．
　　D  In 1949.

　　35 The word “expertise’’ in line 3 could be best replaced by
　　A  “experts”．
　　B  “scientists”．  ．
　　C   “scholars”．
　　D  “special knowledge”．
　　第二篇

　　Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷)

　　An underground revolution begins this winter．with the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000
　　homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice．cold high．performance cables．Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit’s example in the years ahead．which could conserve enormous amounts of power．

　　The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors．A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance．Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current．All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance．They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat．Superconductors don’t?

　　No one understands how superconductivity works．It just does． Making superconductors isn’t easy．A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to 10se its resistance．The first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to一263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance．Newer superconducting materials 10se their resistance at一143 degrees Celsius．

　　The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper．oxygen．bismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)．and calcium(钙)．A ceramic is a hard．strong compound made from clay or minerals．The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen．

　　Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance．The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance． Because cooled superconductors have no resistance．they waste much less power．0ther cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power．too．

　　36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
　　A  With a flip of swish．electricity can be transmitted．
　　B  Other American cities can benefit from the high?performance cables．
　　C  Great amounts of power can be conserved．
　　D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables

　　37 Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors
　　A have little or no electrical resistance．
　　B Can be used for along time．
　　C are not energy-efficient．
　　D can be made easily．

　　38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?
　　A-143 degree Celsius．
　　B一263 degree Celsius．
　　C As long as it is ice-cold．
　　D  Absolute zero．

　　39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?
　　A Copper．
　　B Liquid nitrogen．．
　　C Clay．
　　D  Calcium．

　　40 According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　A Other cities hope they Can also conserve power．
　　B Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon．
　　C Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance．
　　D The Fribie experiment is not successful．

　　第三篇

　　The Science of the Future

　　Until recently，the“science of the future”was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence．Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination Of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering．This combination is the science of biotechnology．

　　Organic chemistry enables us to produce marve