高考语法填空专项训练——介词.doc

语法填空专项训练-介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定，所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词)，主要考点有：1. 表示时间介词有 at, in, on 表示时间点和时间段 by 不迟于，到时为止 after 在之后 before在之前 for 表示一段时间 during 在期间 within在期间，不超过 since自从throughout 贯穿期间 until/till 直到 fromto 从到 between在之间over 在期间，过完一段时间 2. 表示方位的介词有 into 进入 out of从出来 (a)round 围饶着或在的各处 along沿着 towards向或朝着 to到或向 from从 up沿而上 off从离开或下来 at朝着或向着 for到去 down沿.而下 at在某一点或在(某物)旁 in在某一范围内 on在某物的表面上 between在(两者)之间above在的上头或高出 below在下面或低于 among在(多者)之中 around在周围inside在的里面 outside在的外面 before在之前 behind在的后面 over在的上方或上面 under在的下面或下方； beside/by在的旁边 near在的附近 beyond在的那一边，远于，超过(某事物的范围) across在的对面或那一边 against 靠着 across从一边到另一边 by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过 over从某人或某物的上空经过 through从某事物的里面经过。3. 表示原因的介词有 because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at( at常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到” )等。4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有By 乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水, 抽象的文具 in ink, in pen, in pencil等)with用(具体的工具)，和一起；through通过(实践或书本)等。5. 表示“除外”的介词有 except, besides, but, except for等。6. 表示“数量”的介词有 about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等 表示“关于”的介词有on, about等； 表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的介词有of 表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的介词有by以及as(当作，作为)， like(像一样)等。7. 能接复合宾语的介词有 with和without8. 短语中的介词。“动词+介词” 短语， look after, care for，congratulations on等；“动词+副词+介词” 短语catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等；“动词+名词+介词” take are of, take notice of等；“名词+介词”， effect on等。解题技巧：1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。2. 应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用：(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。例1 He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填from。 (2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。例2Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。 (3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。例3 You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建)(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。例4the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _a guest in their house.分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽)2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京)3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. (福建)4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建)5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (辽宁)6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏)7. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. (全国)8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陕西)10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. (浙江)11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京)12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建)13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南)14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西)15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西)16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国I)17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. (全国II)18. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川)19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江)20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours. (福建)21. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)22. -Its a top secret. -Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me. (上海)23. People have always been curious_ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared_ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西)25. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江)26. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays. (上海)27. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京)28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海)29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ which New York is an example. (四川)30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)31. The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)32. He was educated at the local high school, _ which he went on to Beijing University. (江苏)33. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _which they can be controlled on purpose. (重庆)二、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1_children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman 2_the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3_ the idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers Day sermon 4_ 1909. Having been raised 5_ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was, 7 _the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonoras father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 8_ Spokane, Washington 9_the 19th of June, 1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10_Fathers Day. Roses are the Fathers Day flowers. 一、 单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. into 2. by 3. by 4. with 5. to 6. as 7. about 8. at 9. beyond 10. for 11. for 12. against13. In 14. of 15. for 16. for 17. besides 18. between 19. of 20. beyond 21. beyond 22. between 23. about24. for 25. on 26. of 27. in 28. without 29. of 30. above 31. since 32. after 33. to 二、 语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。1. for 2. by 3. of 4. in 5. by 6. to 7. in 8. in 9. on 10. as语法填空专项训练- 连 词在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词，都是两小题，占语法填空的五分之一，是考查的一个重要项目，具体考点有以下4大点：考点1：并列连词表示联合 and(同，和), when(=and just at this time就在这时), not onlybut (also)(不仅而且), neithernor（既不也不） 表示选择 or(或者，否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either.or(不是就是) 表示转折 but(但是，可是，只是因为), yet(可是), notbut(不是而是) 表示对比 while(而、却) 表示因果 for（因为）和so（所以，因此） 注：(1) when作并列连词，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did 等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。(2) 在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and/or后的句子表示结果。一、单句填空：用适当的连词填空。 并列句 1. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time. ( 湖南 )2. Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. ( 全国 )3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. ( 山东 )4. The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life. ( 重庆 )5. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. ( 四川 )6. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _ you wont pass the course. ( 北京 )7. Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _ the way they actually are. ( 湖南 )8. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding. ( 全国I )9. He was about halfway through his meal_a familiar voice came to his ears. ( 辽宁 )10. I grew up in Africa _ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there. ( 辽宁 ) 考点2：引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有：(1)连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。(2)连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。(3)连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。其中what除有“什么”“多么”外，还有“所的”之意，相当于the thing(s) that。(4)连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。(5)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论/不管”。名词性从句11. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. ( 北京 )12. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (山东)13. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. (浙江)14. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? (陕西)15. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (上海)16. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. (天津)17. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江)18. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (湖南)19. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (天津)20. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. (浙江)考点3：引导定语从句的关系词定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表：先行词 主 语 宾 语 定 语 状 语 人 who/that whom/who/省略whose 物 which/which which/that/省略whose/of which 时间 when 地点 where the way that/in which/省略the reason why 注：(1)先行词是occasion常用when，先行词是case, situation, scenes等时常用where。(2)关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。(3)以下情况只能用that引导定语从句： 当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。 先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。先行词包括人和物时。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。(4)不能用that引导定语从句的情况在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who。当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。(5)在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。定语从句21. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. (江苏)22. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (浙江)23. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (安徽)24. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _ are beyond our control. (湖南)25. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _ were made of small diamonds. (陕西)26. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. (全国)27. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. (北京)28. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with any kids. (山东)29. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (重庆)30. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (江西)31. The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. (福建)32. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. (江西)33. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight(看到) matters more than hearing. (天津)34. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of _ wanted to buy it. (安徽)35. It is reported that two schools, both of _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (四川)考点4：引导状语从句的连词种类 连词 时间状语从句 when（当时），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（从以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一就） 地点状语从句 where (在的地方)，wherever(在的任何地方) 原因状语从句 because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now取豪夺(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到) 目的状语从句 so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便，为了), in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免), lest(免得，以防), for fear that(以免，惟恐) 结果状语从句 so that（以致，结果），sothat, suchthat（如此以至于） 条件状语从句 if, unless (=ifnot如果不，除非), as/so long as(只要), while(=as long as只要), supposing (that)/provided /providing (that)(假如), in case(假使), on condition that(在的条件下) 让步状语从句 although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whetheror(不论/不管还是) 以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词” 比较状语从句 as.as（和一样），not as/so.as（和不一样），than（比），the more.the more（越越） 方式状语从句 as(正如)，as if或as though(好像) 状语从句36. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. (福建)37. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. (北京)38. The research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. (安徽)39. - Did you return Freds call? - I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. (北京)40. - Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? - He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. (四川)41. “You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,”