高考英语核心词汇详解讲义.doc

高考核心单词-动词精讲（高考动力站）1. abandon vt.= give up = throw1.离开，遗弃2.放弃，停止做（某事）3.放纵，放任派生 abandoned a.-ed结尾：动词/形容词I abandon myself in wasting time.我让我自己放纵于浪费时间。= I am abandoned in wasting time.abandon A in B 使A放纵于B2. abolish vt. 废除，废止（+ certain system某些系统/ certain practice某些行动）PK cancel vt. 取消abuse 滥用abnormal 不正常的ab-开头表示否定3. absorb vt. “吮”1.吸收（某事物），吸进2.将（某物）合并，并吞3.完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣派生be absorbed in sth. 沉浸于sth.I am absorbed in the party, so I forget anything.4. accommodate vt.= put up sb.来自 commodity n. 日用品-ity -ment -hood -ness on名词mode模式model模型module模块-mod-样子1.供给某人住宿或房间2.适应，迁就，迎合派生accommodation n. 旅馆5. accompany pany n. 公司；朋友 =friendI accompany him.= I keep company with him我伴随着他。1.伴随或跟随（某人），陪伴2.与某事物同时存在或发生派生accompany A by/ with B用B来伴随AI accompany him with swim.（错）I accompany him with swimming.我让他天天游泳。3.给某人伴奏派生accompany sb. at / on sth.在sth.给sb.伴奏I accompany him at the party.6. accuse vt. 指责某人有错；犯罪或犯法；指控；控告；谴责派生accuse sb. of sth. =charge sb. with sth.cheat sb. of sth. 从sb.身上骗取sth.rob sb. of sth. 从sb.身上抢sth.steal sb. of sth.=steal sth. from sth. 从sb.身上偷sth.cure sb. of sth. 治好sb.的疾病inform sb. of sth. 把sth.通知给sb.persuade sb. of sth. 劝sb.做sth.remind sb. of sth. 让某人想起Convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事7. accustom vt. 使习惯于custom n. 习俗派生accustom A to B 使A习惯BI accustom myself to wearing glasses .我已经习惯戴眼镜了。= I am accustomed to wearing glasses.派生accustomed a. 习惯的be used to doing sth. 习惯于做sth.be devoted to doing sth. 投身于sth.8. achieve vt.1.完成，达成2.凭努力获得或达到achieve + fame 名声attain +goal 目标 +knowledge 知识 +success 成功PK acquire 实现（被动）Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症finish 结束（不是实现）conclude 下结论（只能加句子）9. acknowledge vt.1.承认 = admit = confessacknowledge A as B承认A就是B2.公认为，认为3.感谢10. accept vt.= take 1.主动接受 PK receive 被动接收（receipt收据）2.承认，认可11. adapt vt.来自 apt adj. 有倾向性的1.使适应adapt A to B 使A适应B2.改编12. adjust vt.来自 just adj. 正义的1.调节，使适应2.调整，校准3.整理，核算派生adjust A to B 13. admire vt.钦佩，赞美，羡慕I admire you. 我羡慕你。= You amaze me.admirable adj. 值得羡慕的-able,-ible结尾：形容词/动词能被的，值得的possible adj. 可能的14. adopt vt.来自 opt v. 选择option n. 选择optimistic adj. 乐观的1.收养，收为养子或养女2.采用，采取15. advocatevt. 拥护，提倡n. （对一事业，方针，政策等的）支持者，拥护者，鼓吹者，提倡者vocal 口头的来自 voice n. 声音16. addvt.1.把加起来，相加求总数2.添加，增加vi.1.加法，求总和，用算术求总数2.增加，增添派生add A to B 把 a添加到B上add to sth. 增加到sth.上I add the ruler to the box.我把尺放在盒子上。= The ruler adds to the box.减 minus乘 multiply除 divide分数 fraction函数 function象限 quarter速度 velocity半径 radius17. affect vt.1.影响（物作主语）生 affection n. = love n. 爱2.使产生悲伤，喜爱等感情I am affected. 我被人影响了。高考三大影响 vt.impact 巨大的影响 influence 潜移默化的影响（flu流感） affect 18. afford v.1.买得起，付得起钱（搭配can/could）I cannot afford it. 我买不起。affordable adj. 买得起的2.花得起，有能力去做（某事）19. admit vt./vi.（admit不能见到to do）I acknowledge super juniors as stars.= I admit that super juniors are stars.I admit (to) making the promise.我承认我发过誓。1.承认2.允许入内3.容许有20. advance vt./vi. 前进n.in advance 提前a. 提前的，预先的生 advanced adj. 高级的 = high advanced learning 深造 advantage n. 优点PK progress v./n. 进步make progress 取得进步21. advise vt./vi.1.劝告忠告，提供意见，2.提供建议3.通知（用于商业中）高考三大建议我建议咱们休息。I advise sleeping.= I advise us to sleep.= I suggest sleeping.= I propose to sleep.advise可to do可doingsuggest只能doingpropose只能to do22. agree vi.1.意见一致，同意2.赞同，答应3.彼此一致，与相符合人 + agree + on /with /to同意物 + agree + with + 人适合23. aidfirst aid 急救v.帮助，求助派生 aid in doing sth.= assist sb. with sth.帮助sb.做sth.n.1.帮助派生 go to sbs aid去帮助sb.go to sbs rescue 去救sb.2.助手24. aimaim to do sth.= want to do sth.vt.瞄准，针对vi.1.瞄准，对准2.旨在，力求派生aim for sth.= long for sth.渴望得到sth.n.1.瞄准，对准2.目的，志向3.目标，靶子目标 n.aim v./n.goal n. （搭配achieve）target n. 靶子被攻击的目标25. allow v.允许，容许，准许allow = permitallow sb. to doallow doing26. amuse vt.= make sb. laugh逗（某人）笑，消遣PKinterest vt. 使人产生兴趣entertain vt.（演员）使人高兴派生 amusing a. 令人发笑的amused adj. 感到开心的*宾语为人的及物动词有两个形容词-ed结尾：感到的-ing结尾：令人感到的27. amountvi.1.总计，共达，等于2.等同，相当于amount to sth. 与sth.相等n.1.总额，总数2.数字，总数3.数量派生 in large / small amounts大量/少量28. announce vt.1.正式宣告；宣布；发表2.大声宣布announce 主语：人/物declare 主语：人29. apologize vi. 道歉，认错-ize结尾：动词apologize to sb. for sth.因为sth.向sb.道歉30. appear vi.1.呈现，出现2.似乎，好像，看来3.到，抵达反义词disappear 消失生 appearance n. 外表PK expression n. 表情31. apply vt.1.提出请求，申请 apply for2.实施，运用 Apply to=go for 适用于I apply myself to the use of computer.我致力于计算机的使用。apply A to B使A投入到B中去32. appoint vt.1.任命，委派I appoint you the monitor.我认命你当班长。appoint + sb. +(不加冠词) 职务来自 point 指点2.约定，指定make + appointment PK date 谈恋爱的约会appointment 工作约会33. appreciate vt.1.表示感激appreciate后面不能跟人thank后面不能跟物thanks to 后面可以跟物 (由于)Thanks to the snow, we fall.因为雪，我们都落山了。2.欣赏，鉴赏= enjoy34. approach v.1.走进，接近2.着手，开始处理n.1.渐进，接近The difficulties ran away at our approach.在我们接近困难的时候，困难消失了。2.步骤，方法approach to （介词） = means of = method of = way of 的方法approachable adj.能被接近的35. argue v.1.争论，辩论Dont argue with me, my decision is final.argue with sb. 2.主张，认为He argued that a date should be set for the next discussion.= think 生 argument n. 议论文36. arise vi.1.起身，站起2.升起3.出现4.发生，起因于Traffic accidents usually arise from carelessness.arise from 由于来自 rise vi. 升起37. ask v.1.问，要求，请求2.邀请ask sb. for a favor = ask sb. a favor请sb.帮个忙反义词 answer 回答38. assist vt. 帮助，援助生 assistant n. 售货员；助理派生 assist sb. in / with sth.assist sb. in doing sth.帮助sb.做sth.39. associate v.将（人或事物）联系起来，联想生 association n. 联盟兄弟 society n. 社会The staff members associate you with the emotion of fear.40. assume vt.1.假定，假设，设想，也为2.装作，假装PK presume vt. 假设presume to do sth. 冒失地做sth.41. astonish v. 使吃惊，使惊讶使人震惊的astonished 感到震惊的astonishing 令人感到震惊的来自 thunder n. 雷电42. attach v.be attached to 依恋1.将某物系在.缚在或附着在（另一物）上2.将某事物与另一事物相联系；将某事物归于另一事物生 attachment n. 附件派生 attach importance / significance to重视43. attempttempt 诱惑v. 试图，尝试，企图n. 尝试做某事，企图做某事派生 make an attempt to do sth.= try doing sth. 尝试做sth.44. attend v.1.注意，用心，照顾to2.出席，参加生 attention n. 注意45. attractv. 吸引at在+tract拉生 attractive adj. tractor n. 拖拉机-tract- 拉46. awardv.（尤指官方）给予，授予，判给n. 奖品award sb. sth.PKreward sb. with sth.把sth.奖励给sb.47. bear v.1.携带，负荷，负载tax bearer 负税人2.怀有，抱有3.生过去分词born4.忍受，容忍生孩子背忍受跟doing不跟to do48. beat连击PK hit 命中v.1.打，打击2.打败，胜过，超越3.（心脏等）跳动n.1.敲打，敲击，吹打2.节拍49. behave vi. 行为，举动I behave well. 我表现好。I behave bad. 我表现不好。生 behavior n. 表现50. belong v. 属，附属 （无被动）belong to sb. 长时间属于sb.生 belongings n. 行李51. blamev. 责怪，怪罪，归咎于n. 责备，谴责I am to blame. 我被责备。52. both/er两者都/儿子= 生了两个儿子 担心；打扰v.1.打扰2.担心，麻烦，焦急Dont bother about the future.bother about= be worried about 担心n. 麻烦，忧虑53. burstburst into cheers爆发出欢呼声burst into laughter爆发出笑声burst into tears痛哭流涕 v.1.爆裂，炸破2.突然闯过，强行进入n.1.破裂，爆炸，裂口，喷射2.爆发，突发，一阵，一口气54. calculate vt. 计算，推算，估计calculator n. 计算器派生 calculate on sth. /doing sth.= depend on（independence独立）= rely on（阿姨re赖ly）依赖55. cancel v.放弃，撤销，取消，终止56. carry v.1.运送，搬运，携带2.传送，转送3.领导，引领，指导派生carry on 继续 = go oncarry out 执行 = do /make57. catchv.1.捕捉，捉住2.撞见3.领会，了解（意义）4.及时赶到，赶上5.罹患，感染 catch a disease6.着火，烧着n.1.捉，捕2.捕获量，物catch up with sb./sth. 赶上sb./sth.The songs are catching on.这些歌正在流行。58. celebrate v. + 物congratulate + 人1.庆祝，祝贺2.颂扬，赞美，歌颂59. chase v.= run after 1.追逐，追赶，追击，追捕2.试图赢取（某物）派生 chase about / around到处追60. chat v.&n.闲谈，聊天chat with sb. 与sb.聊天61. cheat作弊vt.1.欺骗，诈取，哄骗2.作弊n. 骗子62. cheercheer sb. up 使人高兴/兴奋Cheer up! 高兴点！v.1.（使某人）高兴，鼓舞，安慰2.致敬（犹指欢呼以示欢迎）n.1.喝彩2.快活，欢欣63. choose vt. 二者择其一1.选择choose to do sth.选择做sth.2.决定，选定PK select vt. 选择（n者择其一）64. claim+for 要求得到暗含 aim n. 目标v.1.声称，宣告，断言2.要求或索要（应得的权利或财物）3.（凭保单等）索赔n.1.索款（作为保险金.赔偿.增薪等）2.声称，断言65. clarify vt. 澄清来自 clear adj. 清楚的ify结尾：动词66. closeclose friends 亲密的朋友closed 关闭的v.1.（使）关闭2.宣布关闭，不开放3.结束，终结，终止4.（使）围拢，使闭合a.1.关闭的，封闭的2.靠近的，接近的3.亲近的，联系密切的67. collect v.1.收集，集中，聚集2.搜集（书籍.邮票等）PK gather v. 聚集（人）68. combine v.1.结合，联合2.使化合，混合combine A with B and使A与B结合来自bind v. 绑69. commit mit crime 犯罪commit blunder 犯大错误1.委托2.犯（错误.罪行）；干（坏事等）3.答应负责，使自己负有责任70. communicate v.1.交流意见（感情.消息等）2.传递关于的信息communicate with sb.与sb.交流生 communication n. 交流Bank of Communications交通银行71. compare v. 比较，对照compare A to B把A比作Bcompare A with B使A和B进行比较72. compete v. 比赛，竞争compete with /against sb.和sb.竞争生 competition n. 竞争WCG = World Competition of Games73. complain vi.&vt.1.抱怨，叫屈2.控诉 explain 解释来自 plaintiff 原告74. concentrate v.center 中心1.精神集中，全神贯注，专心致志2.聚集，集合集中注意力于concentrate onfocus onpay attention to75. conclude vt.推论，断定，做结论（要跟句子）派生 conclusion n.arrive at /make /reach/ come to / draw a conclusion 得出结论 生 conclusive adj. 结论性的76. conductduct n. 导管conduct A to B 带A做好事（B）vt.&vi.1.举止，表现2.经营，处理3.引导，导游4.指挥（乐队）5.导电，导热n.1.行为，品行2.领导，指导派生 under the conduct of 在的正确引导下77. confirm v.生 confirmation n. 确认信1.证实，进一步确定2.认可，批准来自 firm adj. = strong坚固的as firm as rock 坚如磐石78. confront v.来自 front 前面面对，正视（令人不快.头疼的人/事物）PK face v. 面对（任何事）I confront with enemy.= I face up to enemy.= I face enemy.我面对敌人。79. confuse vt.1.（通常用于被动语态）把（某人）弄糊涂；使迷惑；使为难2.把（某事物）搞乱；打乱3.把此人或此物误认为彼人或彼物派生 confuse A and / with B 把A和B弄混了I am confused with the exams.我被这些考试弄迷糊了。confused adj. 纠结的80. consider vt.= think overIt is considered that they are happy.大家都认为他们很快乐。1.考虑，思考2.顾及，考虑到3.认为或相信，把看做81. consist vi.由组成派生 consist in 存在于内部The answer consists in the blank. 答案就在空白处。consist of 被组成The team consists of 22 boys.这个队伍是由22个男生组成的。82. contactkeep contact with sb.= keep in touch with sb.与sb.保持接触v.（用电话.无线电.书信等与人）联系；与来往n.接触，会晤，通讯，联系，交往83. contain v.容纳，含有We want to rent a bus which can 40 people for our trip to Beijing. （2006年天津）A. load 装东西 B. hold 能容纳 contain 实际容纳 C. fill fill A with B 用B装满AD. support84. continue v.1.（使）继续；（使）延续；（使）延伸2.（中断以后）再继续；恢复to be continued 未完待续continual 持续的（有停顿）continuous 持续的（无停顿）85. contrast v.&n. 对比派生contrast A and / with B compare A with B86. contribute v.tribute n. 贡品contribute A to B把A贡献给Bdistribute 分配1.捐献，贡献出，出一份力2.起促成作用3.投稿，撰稿87. controlv. 控制，支配派生 out of control 无法控制out of shape 变形out of date 过期n. 管理，支配，控制派生 under ones control在某人的控制之下controller 手柄88. cost花费spare 剩下cost 主语为物花钱take主语为物花钱/时间spend 主语为人花钱pay 主语人/物搭配forv.（使）花费；（使）付出代价n.1.费用，成本2.（欲获得某物所付的）代价89. count vt./n. 数数vi. = be valuable 有价值What he has said counts.他说的话有价值。v.1.计算，合计，数2.把计算在内，包括3.认为，看做n.1.计算，计数，得数2.重视，注意，顾虑90. coverv.1.遮盖，遮蔽2.通行，进过行进，行进，穿过3.包含，包括 ，报道，够 . 费用派生be covered with被覆盖n.1.覆盖物，遮盖物2.书皮，封面91. create v. = make1.创造，创建，创作2.引起，产生生 recreate vt. 使人恢复精力再次创造repeat重复 retire退休re- = again反复back返回92. critic开头的词表示批评criticiz(s)e v. 批评；挑剔critic adj. 批评的criticism n. 批评93. curev. 使痊愈n.1.（可数）恢复健康，病愈2.药物，疗法I cure you of your illness.我治好了你的病。I treat you for your illness.我治疗你的病。94. cutv.1.割，切，割伤2.缺席，不出席3.减少，削减，降低4.停止（电.煤气等）的供应5.穿过，穿越；与相交n.1.割伤，割痕2.切割的动作3.删节4.削减，减少95. decidev.1.决心；决定2.解决（问题或疑惑）；判断I decide to face the question.= I am determined to face the question= I determine to face the question.= I resolve to face the question.96. declare v. 宣告，宣布97. declinev.1.拒绝（接受某物）；（通常指）谢绝2.变小；变弱；变少n.（力量.权力.数量等的）消减高考 reject 无条件拒绝refuse 轻度拒绝decline 婉言谢绝The price is declining. 价格正在下跌。98. defeatv. 击败；胜过n. 挫败；征服暗含 feat n. 技术99. delay= put offv. 延期，推迟n.1.延迟，延误2.迟延的事；耽误；迟延的时间100. depend v. 取决于，决定于depend on 依赖I am dependent on my family.我依赖着我的家。I am independent of my family.我不依赖我的家。101. deserve v. 应得（奖赏.特殊待遇等）You deserve it! 你活该！deserve to do = must do必须做102. desire v. 希望，期望，想要desire to do = want to don.1.欲望，渴望2.所渴望得到之物生 desirable adj. 想要得到的103. determine v. be determined to do1.（使）下决心；（使）作出决定2.测定；明确地找出来自terminate vt. = finish 结束来自 Terminator 终结者104. develop v.发展；（使）生长；（使）增长develop + habit 养成习惯105. devote v.投身于；把奉献给vote n. 投票dis- 分开；否定106. disappear vi. 消失；失踪107. disappoint vt. 使失望108. discover vt. 发现，发觉（新奇或意外之物）109. discuss vt. 讨论，商讨hold + discussion 进行讨论酷似 discus n. 铁饼110. dismiss v.打发 = dis+miss 不想念1.不予考虑；摒弃（念头.想法等）2.解雇，免职，开除3.使退去，解散111. distinguish vt.1.识别，认出2.辨别，分辨3.把区别，分类4.使杰出，使扬名区别discern 看清楚distinguish between A and Bdiscriminate +歧视tell 告诉+区别I want to tell 郭冬临 from 芙蓉姐姐.tell A from B 使A和B进行区分112. distribute v.= dis分开 + tribute贡品1.分发；分配到某事物2.使（某物）散开，散布，分散放置113. divide v.1.分开；划分；分割2.除，除以3.使不和；使意见不合PK separate I divide the apple into four pieces.我把苹果分成四份。（分一个）I separate the apple from four apples.（分一堆）我把这个苹果从那四个苹果里面分出来。114. donate v. 捐血；捐器官派生 donate sth. to sb. /sth.把sth.捐给sb./sth.PK endow 经常性捐助115. doubt 怀疑别人做不了suspect 怀疑别人做了no doubt 无疑No doubt that he can achieve it.他无疑能够做好这件事情。v. 怀疑，对拿不准n. 怀疑；疑问；疑虑116. draw v.拉写字画画drawer 抽屉draw up a plan 制定一个计划1.画；描绘2.拉3.取出；抽取；拔出4.吸引，使来5.吸入6.拟定，制定7.（指烟囱等）通风，通气8.推断，引出，形成117. earn v. 赚；挣得；赢利earn ones living 谋生earn ones reputation 赢得某种名誉118. elect v. elect + sb. +某个职务elect you monitorelect him president1.选举，推选2.选择，决定119. emerge v.“一沫子”（从水中）突然出现emergent adj. 紧急的emergency n. 紧急情况；急诊120. encounter v. soften 变软harden 变硬en+n./adj. (+en) = vt.lessen 变少遭遇到（危险的事物或人）counterstrike 反击counter adj. 与相对的121. encourage vt.courage n. 勇气；鼓励122. enjoy vt. 享受，喜爱joy n. = happiness n. 快乐123. enlarge v. （使某物）变大；扩大；增大124. enter vt. 回车键enter + 某地1.进入2.从事，开始125. escapeescape + 具体的地方escape from + 具体的地方/抽象的地方I escape from the control of mum.我摆脱了我妈妈的控制。v.1.逃走，逃脱2.（事件.事实等）被疏忽；被忘却3.漏出，逸出n. 逃，逃脱126. evaluate vt. 评估