高考英语短文改错介词考点.doc

高考英语短文改错介词考点 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）一、介词的分类（1）从用法分类介词类型例词例句表示方位at, before, behind, below, etc.There must be something behind it.表示时间about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days. 表示原因、目的for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer. 表示对于to, for, over, at, with, etc.The book is really difficult for me. 表示手段、方式by, in, with, etc.I will defend the motherland with my life. 表示除去but, besides, except, etc.We all went to the supermarket except Tom. 表示比较as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man. 表示结果to, with, without, etc. Man cant live without water. （2）从结构分类介词分类构成例词简单介词只有单独一个词的介词after, at, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc. 复合介词由两个单词合成的介词 into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc. 短语介词 形容词，分词或副词+介词 according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc. 连词+介词 as for, as to, because of, etc. 介词+介词(又称双重介词) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc. 介词+名词+介词 by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc. 其他thanks to, etc.由其他词类转用 分词 concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc. 形容词或副词 like, near, opposite, round, next, etc. 连词than, but(除之外), etc.名词despite(不顾；不管), etc.【考点一】考查with/without复合结构 介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词（分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.单项填空It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of解析：选B。考查with复合结构。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词（1）by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如travel to New York in this plane，leave on an early train，go to school on my bike等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。（2）with, by, in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。They are digging with a pick/spade.We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。注意：使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。表达“用方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。 【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法“of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。of+great/much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式It is of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is useless. The camel is of great help to the Arab. The camel is very helpful to the Arab.【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by, to, beyondby 表示“增加了”；to表示“增加到”；beyond表示“范围, 限度超出”。This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes.单项填空Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours.A. during B. at C. beyond D. before解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。 【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配 have no choice but to do只得做某事； cant help but do不得不做； cant but do不得不只能； cant choose but do只得做某事； but for要不是。I have no choice but to accept his conditions.There was no taxi that day, I couldnt choose but stay there foranother night. 【考点六】考查to ones+情感类名词to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感”。常见的结构有：toonesdelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretto the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。这种结构表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。若要加强该结构的语气，有两种方式：在名词前加great, deep等形容词修饰；在整个短语前加副词greatly, much等修饰。To his disappointment, he failed again.【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配：the key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to.。It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.【考点八】考查介词by的用法(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意为“在旁边”。注意：表示“从旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。(2)by+时间名词，意为“到时（已发生某事）；最晚,不迟于,在之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。by+the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按计算;按买(卖)”。by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）,意为“按计算，按买(卖)”。by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数）,意为“通过；由；乘”。by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数），意为“靠；通过；由所致”。by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过（某物、某地）；取道”。by+动词-ing，意为“通过；靠；凭”。(4)by+数量词。表示升降、增减的程度。表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。(5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与catch/seize/take/hold/grab等动词连用。It takes a long time to go there by train; its quicker by road.The man entered the room by the back door.The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year.Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.二、课堂练习（1） Bill insisted in staying near the car. （in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配） （全国卷）（2） Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. （at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”） （全国卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk. （go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语） （全国卷）（4） When they came down the police were angry to them. （to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb） （全国卷）（5） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词） （全国卷）（6） and some books， for example， books for history， science， cooking and gardening are also popular. （books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于”） （全国卷）（7） I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. （去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that，因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词） （全国卷）（8） It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. （for 改为 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth） （全国卷）（9） In fact， they are planning to visit China in next year. （去掉 in，在由 next， this， last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加 in， on， at 这样的介词） （全国卷）（10） We practise for three times every week. （去掉 for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词） （全国卷）（11） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而不是”） （全国卷）（12） Unfortunately， there are too many people among my family. （among 改为 in，in my family 意为“在我家里”） （全国卷）（13） I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing（a lot 后加 of，因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词） （全国卷）（14） Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. （on 改为 for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”） （北京春季卷）（15） So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. （去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作状语） （北京春季卷）（16） but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. （去掉 about，因 about 后没有接宾语，about 属多余） （全国卷）（17） For instance， on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. （去掉 on，因 one night 可直接用作状语） （北京春季卷）（18） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at，the moment 在此用作连词，相当于 as soon as） （全国卷）（19） His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. （去掉 in，spend 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语） （安徽春季卷）（20） I feel sorry to him. （to 改为 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”） （安徽春季卷）（21） Because so much viewing， children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. （Because 后加 of，因 so much viewing 相当于名词） （北京春季卷）（22） On one year the average child will see 25，000 television commercials（On 改为 In，意为“在一年中”） （北京春季卷）（23） The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese （去掉 that 前的 in，was 后是一个以 that 引导的宾语从句，in 是多余的） （全国卷）（24） Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. （to 改为 at，laugh at 意为“嘲笑”） （全国卷）（25） You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. （kinds 后加 of，a kind of 意为“一种”，all kinds of意为“各种各样的”） （广西卷）（26） But I have spent lots my money， （lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lots of，a lot of） （四川卷）（27） you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors Club（去掉 in，表示“参加，加入”某个组织，join 后不要再加介词 in；表示“参加”某项活动时，才加 in） （浙江卷）（28） We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. （on 改为 in，因为 have sth in common 是固定搭配，意为“有共同的”） （福建卷）介词单句改错（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul.（2） I followed the man for a while， and saw him enter into the bank.（3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.（4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.（5） In English class， we often talk each other in English.（6） Dont talk. What the man says is well worth listening.（7） The chair looks hard， but it is comfortable to sit.（8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.（9） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.（10） Are you glad to be going to back to school？（11） On his way to home， he met one of his old friends Jack.（12） Please close the door at next time you come in.（13） Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.（14） We can finish the work either this week or in next week.（15） We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.（16） We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.（17） Dont be angry to me for not having writtenI was really too busy.（18） Ive read a lot books about animals.（19） He invited us to dinner， which was very kind for him.（20） I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.（21） Dont go by plane. Its a lot of more expensive. （22） Except milk and cheese， we all need vegetables.（23） On my way back， I called at Mr Smith at his office.参考答案（1） 去掉 for，serve 表示“为服务”，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。（2） 去掉 into，enter 表示“进入”时，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。（3） 去掉 with，marry 表示“与结婚”时，是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。（4） 去掉 of，a great many后可直接跟名词，无需用介词。但若其后的名词有the， these， my 等表特指的限定词，则要用介词 of，如 a great many of my friends.（5） talk 后加 to，因 talk 为不及物动词。（6） listening 后加 to，因what the man says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语。（7） sit 后加 on或 in，因为从逻辑上说就是 sit on/in the chair.（8） insisted 后加 on，insist 后可接从句作宾语，但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，遇此情况应用 insist on. （9） 去掉 to，因 ask 是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用介词。（10） 去掉 back 前的 to，因 back 是副词，其前不用介词。（11） 去掉 home 前的 to，因 home 是副词，其前不用介词。（12） 去掉 at，因 next time 在此用作连词，意为“下次”。（13） 去掉 in，every year 可直接用作状语，其前无需用介词。（14） 去掉 in，next week 可直接用作状语，其前无需用介词。（15） instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而没有”。（16） because 后加 of，因其后接的是名词，而不是句子。（17） to 改为 with，要表示“对某人生气”，用 be angry with sb，不用 be angry to sb.（18） a lot 后加 of，a lot of 意为“许多”。 （19） for 改为 of，为 it is very kind of sb 的变体。（20） 去掉 on，the moment 在此用作连词，意为“一就”。（21） 去掉 of，a lot 修饰比较级，a lot of 修饰名词。（22） Except 改为Besides.比较：except 表示“除外，不再有”，besides 表示“除外，还有”。（23） at 改为 on.比较：call at 后接某地方，call on 后接某人二、阅读理解AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest.Many offer workshops for making handmade pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings(签名)by childrens favorite writers，and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also，ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts.Puppet(木偶)making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try handson_scienceVisit one of the many handson science museums around the country.These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike.Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building.When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun family science show，commonly found in these museums.语篇解读：本文体裁为应用文，向家长介绍了几个新的令孩子们兴奋的去处四座风格各异的博物馆。1If a child is interested in the universe，he probably will visit_.Aa YoutheaterBan art museumCa natural history museumDa handson science museum解析：细节理解题。第三段第二句中的“pictures of stars in the sky”可知，如果孩子对宇宙感兴趣，可以去自然历史博物馆。答案：C2What can kids do at a Youtheater?ALook at rock collections. BSee dinosaur models.CWatch puppet making. DGive performances.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段的“Puppet(木偶)making and stage make up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find”可知答案。答案：C3What does “handson science” mean in the last paragraph?AScience games designed by kids.BLearning science by doing things.CA show of kidsscience work.DReading science books.解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.”可知答案。无论是按动按钮、做实验还是进行建造，这些都是动手能力的培养，因此可以猜测出画线部分指的是通过动手来学习科学知识。答案：B4Where does this text probably come from?AA science textbook. BA tourist map.CA museum guide. DA news report.解析：推理判断题。全文介绍的四个主要去处中除了Go to a Youtheater之外，其他三个都有museum这个关键词，因此可知本篇文章实际上是选自有关博物馆介绍方面的指南。B项干扰性很强，但是该选项的中心词是map而不是tourist。答案：C