高考英语宾语从句专题讲解.doc

高考英语宾语从句专题讲解一、定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。A 作动词的宾语: I heard the news. I heard that he would come here later on. B 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about the plan. He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. 在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. 在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。三、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year I dont know if there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 连接代词连接代词：who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whoever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won the game? I dont know whom you should depend on. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 二、动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 三、介词的宾语从句 用wh-类的介词宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.四、形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词thatthat引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用,本身没有意义,在口语或非正式文件中可以省略.例:She said (that) she was going to study French.她说她准备去学法语.提示:1.如果谓语动词后跟有两个或更多个并列的宾语从句,第二个(和第三个)连接词不可省略.例:I forgot (that) my research paper was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers.2.主句中有it作形式宾语,that不可省例:We think it is important that every citizen should have good manners.3.宾语从句主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语,引导词that不可省例:She told me that that night was very cold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷.4.in that,except that后接宾语从句时,引导词that不可省例:Criticism is necessary in that it helps to correct our mistakes.七、宾语从句的否定转移 谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?英语宾语从句考点一、 关联词关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。连词：1.连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which） 2.连接副词（when，where，why，how） 3.从属连词（if，whether）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用if或whether引导.在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。如：1. I dont know who will be our headteacher next semester. 缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。2. I doubt what my epal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子不缺成分，用that; 如果that后跟有代词，可省略that。4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状语，用how。5. I dont know which / what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或which。6. The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the coming test. 表示“是否（有，能，已经）”等含义，用whether或if。7. Id be interested to know whether he will see the movie“Dawn” or not. 强调是否对比时，用连词whether。例1A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. afterC. what D. when例2Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. whatC. whoD. that例3The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. howC. what D. which例4The way he did it was different _ we were used to. A. in whichB. in what C. from whatD. from which例5He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. whichC. why D. while二、 语序以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。例6No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like例7The boss went up to ask _.A. what the matter was B. whats the matter C. what was the matter D. what the matter is三、 时态宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:1. 如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；2. 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应； Eg. I thought he had gone to town today.3. 当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如： Eg. Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.例8The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets _. A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked例9We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A. leaves B. would leaveC. had left D. had been away例10Do you work in the lab every afternoon? No, but sometimes I wish I _.A. have time B. had time to do C. have time to D. had time to四、 宾语从句的减缩式宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。例11Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects例12It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it例13The mother didnt know_ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.A. whoB. when C. how D. what五、 宾语从句的特殊式1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I cant remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。（1） 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把留给某人去做）， take it for granted + thatclause （想当然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （记住）。如：I just took it for granted that hed always be around.（4） 动词 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains. 3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, didnt he?当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个及以后的不可省。如：He told me （that） they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.5. 主语 + be +形容词 + clause。如：Im afraid that I cant promise you anything.例14The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever例15_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. WhoB. The one C. AnyoneD. Whoever例16Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. thatB. it C. thisD. you例17I dont think you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the USA_ you? _. I thought of returning to our country at one time. A. had; Yes B. do; YesC. have; No D. were; No例18With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. thatC. what D. whether宾语从句练习题类型一：引导词的运用（1） I dont know _or notA whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at home D whether is he at home（2） This depends on _ the weather is fineA which B whetherC if D that（3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA which B whereC if D that（4） I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our EnglishA why B when C how D where（5） Be careful！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes， MumA what B that C why D if（6） Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _A where， which B where， whatC what， whichD what， where（7） There is not much difference between the two I really dont know _A what should I chooseB which I should chooseC which should I choose D what I should choose类型二：宾语从句的语序（1）Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking for（2）Are you interested in _?A how did he do it B he did it howC how he did itD he how did it（3）I dont know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two players are（4） What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly（5）Excuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter was B what the matter isC what was the matter D what is the matter类型三：时态（1） Its 7：30 I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet， SallyA havent started B didnt C dont start D hadnt started（2）The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day A isB was C has beenD will be（3） The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goesB go C went D will go（4） We d like to tell you that you _the examA have passed B had passed C passD will pass（5） “Could you tell me_?” “ Yes They _ to the library”A where are the twins， have beenB where were the twins， have beenC where the twins are， have goneD， where the twins were， have gone（6） Our father said that he _ a new computer next weekA will buy B have boughtC would buy D buys（7）I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterdayA goesB will goC wentD have gone类型四：其他反意疑问句，it做形式宾语（1）I dont think he is right，_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo IDdont I（2） He believes she is right， _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis sheDisnt she（3）I thought that he disliked playing football，_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid IDdidnt I（4） I find _ important that we practice English every dayA it B this C thatD what（5） You cant imagine _when they received the nice giftA how they were excited B how excited they wereC how excited were theyD they were how excited