高考英语宾语从句专题讲解.doc

高考英语宾语从句专题讲解

一、定义和宾从例句分析
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
A 作动词的宾语:
I heard the news.
I heard that he would come here later on.
B 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about the plan.
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
间接宾语 直接宾语
3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语 直接宾语
4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner.
在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。
时态：
1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
三、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
连接代词
连接代词：who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whoever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won the game?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know..
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
四、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
that引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用,本身没有意义,在口语或非正式文件中可以省略.
例:She said (that) she was going to study French.她说她准备去学法语.
提示:
1.如果谓语动词后跟有两个或更多个并列的宾语从句,第二个(和第三个)连接词不可省略.
例:I forgot (that) my research paper was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers.
2.主句中有it作形式宾语,that不可省
例:We think it is important that every citizen should have good manners.
3.宾语从句主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语,引导词that不可省
例:She told me that that night was very cold.她告诉我,那个晚上很冷.
4.in that,except that后接宾语从句时,引导词that不可省
例:Criticism is necessary in that it helps to correct our mistakes.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
英语宾语从句考点
一、 关联词
关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。
连词：1.连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which）
2.连接副词（when，where，why，how）
3.从属连词（if，whether）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，用if或whether引导.
在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰当的连词。如：
1. I don’t know who will be our headteacher next semester. 缺指人的主语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。
2. I doubt what my epal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指人的宾语则用whom。
3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子不缺成分，用that; 如果that后跟有代词，可省略that。
4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状语，用how。
5. I don’t know which / what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或which。
6. The teacher asked whether / if I was getting ready for the coming test. 表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等含义，用whether或if。
7. I’d be interested to know whether he will see the movie“Dawn” or not. 强调是否对比时，用连词whether。
例1　A computer can only do  _____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how   B. after　　　　C. what       D. when
例2　Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why        B. what　　　　　C. who  　　D. that
例3　The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.
A. where      B. how　　　　　C. what       D. which
例4　The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which  B. in what      C. from what 　D. from which
例5　He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _____ his teammates had done.
A. what       B. which　　　　　C. why        D. while
二、 语序
　　以从属连词（if，whether）、连接代词（what，which，who，whose）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）等引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序。
例6　No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
例7　The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was 　B. what’s the matter C. what was the matter 　D. what the matter is
三、 时态
　　宾语从句的时态要和主句相呼应:
1. 如果主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词时态可不受约束；
2. 如果主句谓语动词是过去时，从句谓语动词的时态须与之呼应；
Eg. I thought he had gone to town today.
3. 当从句叙述的是客观真理时，其谓语动词仍用现在时态。如：
Eg. Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
例8　The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.
A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked
例9　We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave　　　　C. had left D. had been away
例10　—Do you work in the lab every afternoon? —No, but sometimes I wish I _________.
A. have time B. had time to do C. have time to D. had time to
四、 宾语从句的减缩式
　　宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11　I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected      　B. to expect　　　　C. to be expecting 　D. expects
例12　It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with     B. what to do it with C. what to do with it     D. to do what with it
例13　The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.
A. who  B. when      C. how        D. what
五、 宾语从句的特殊式
1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）
These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。
2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。
（1） 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：
I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.
（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。如：
The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把……归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把……留给某人去做）， take it for granted  + thatclause （想当然）， keep it in mind  + thatclause （记住……）。如：
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
（4） 动词 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film except when it rains.
3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he?
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think  /  believe  /  suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?
4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省略，但第二个及以后的不可省。如：He told me （that） they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
5. 主语 + be +形容词 + clause。如：I’m afraid that I can’t promise you anything.
例14　The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get.
A. whichever   B. however C. whatever      D. whenever
例15　_____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who   B. The one          C. Anyone  D. Whoever
例16　I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that   B. it           C. this   D. you
例17　—I don’t think you could have been used to the quick pace of life while studying in the USA______ you?
—______. I thought of returning to our country at one time.
A. had; Yes     　B. do; Yes　　　　　C. have; No     　D. were; No
例18　With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which       B. that　　　　C. what       D. whether
宾语从句练习题
类型一：引导词的运用
（1） I don’t know ___________or not．
A． whether he is at home　B． if he is at home
C． that he is at home　 D． whether is he at home
（2） This depends on _________ the weather is fine．
　　A． which　　　 B． whether　　　C． if　　　　　 D． that
（3） The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．
　　A． which　　　 B． where　　　C． if　　　　　 D． that
（4） I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us． He’ll help us with our English．
　　A． why　　　　　 B． when　　　 C． how　　　　 D． where
（5） －－Be careful！ Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I said? David?
　 －－ Yes， Mum
　　A． what　 B． that　 C． why　 D． if
（6） －－－ Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?
－－－ He may live at NO．18 or No． 19 of Bridge Street． I’m not sure of ______．
　　A． where， which　　　 B． where， what　　C． what， which　　D． what， where
（7） There is not much difference between the two． I really don’t know _____．
　　A． what should I choose　　　　　　　B． which I should choose
　　C． which should I choose　　　　　　 D． what I should choose
类型二：宾语从句的语序
（1）　Did you find out ______?
　　A． she was looking for whose child　　　B． whose child was she looking for
　　C． whose child she is looking for　　　　D． whose child she was looking for
（2）　Are you interested in _____?
　　A． how did he do it　　 B． he did it how　C． how he did it　D． he how did it
（3）　I don’t know _____． Can you tell me?
　　A． how the two players are old　　　　　 B． how old are the two players
　　C． the two players are how old　　　　　 D． how old the two players are
（4）　－－－ What did the scientist say?
　　－－－ He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．
　　A． he had to fly　　B． he could fly　　C． can he fly　　D． could he fly
（5）　Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____?
　　A． Where the bank nearest　　　　　　　B． where is the nearest bank
　　C． where the nearest bank is　　　　　 D． the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car?
　　A． what the matter was　　　　　　　　 B． what the matter is
　　C． what was the matter　　　　　　　　 D． what is the matter
类型三：时态
（1） It’s 7：30． I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．
　　A． haven’t started　 B． didn’t　 C． don’t start　 D． hadn’t started
（2）　The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．
A． is　　　B． was　　　 C． has been　　　　　　　D． will be
（3）　 The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
　　A． goes　　B． go　 C． went　 D． will go
（4）　 We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
　　A． have passed　　 B． had passed　　　 C． pass　　　　　D． will pass
（5）　　 “Could you tell me______?” “ Yes． They ____ to the library．”
　　A． where are the twins， have been　　B． where were the twins， have been
　　C． where the twins are， have gone　　D， where the twins were， have gone
（6）　　 Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week．
　　A． will buy　 B． have bought　　C． would buy　 D． buys
（7）　I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．
　　A． goes　　B． will go　　C． went　　D． have gone
类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语
（1）．I don’t think he is right，__________?
　　A．isn’t he　　　　 B．is he　　　　 C．do I　　　　D．don’t I
（2）． He believes she is right， __________?
　　A．doesn’t he　　　　 B．does he　　　　 C．is she　　　　D．isn’t she
（3）．I thought that he disliked playing football，__________?
　　A．didn’t he　　　　 B．did he　　　　 C．did I　　　　D．didn’t I
（4）． I find _____ important that we practice English every day．
　　A． it　　　　　　 B． this　　　　　 C． that　　　　　D． what
（5）． You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift．
　　A． how they were excited　　　　　　　　 B． how excited they were
　　C． how excited were they　　　　　　　　　D． they were how excited