江苏高考六年考了哪些英语语法(2013-2018).doc

江苏高考六年考了哪些英语语法？一、 时态语态（2013年）21.Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】: A考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词形式取决于inner motivation，所以用单数形式；再根据句首的Generally可确定，此处用一般现在时。句意为：一般来讲，因为别人的高期望学生产生的内部动机对于他们的发展是非常重要的。25.Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have writtenC. have written D. have been writing【解析】：A考查动词的时态。根据第一句中出现的时间状语tomorrow morning可知，“在家写报告”是将来正要做的事情，所以用将来进行时。34.What about your self drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we a rough ride.A. had B. have C. would have D. have had【解析】： A考查动词时态。根据第一句中出现的时间状语yesterday可知，此处应该用一般过去时描述过去遇到的情况。（2014年）23.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media_it in a variety of forms.A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered【答案】C 【考点】考察时态【解析】句意：你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？很好，媒体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。【试题延伸】动词时态是高考的热点，英语的时态多，又很复杂，现在的高考不是纯粹考时态的问题，而是把它们放在一定的语言环境里，让考生根据特定的环境来确定答案。【举一反三】- Peter, do you know who_ my dictionary ?-Sorry , I dont know . I didnt do it .A. has taken away B. was taking away C. had taken away D. is taking away【解析】：A 试题分析：句意：-皮特，你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗？-对不起，我不知道，我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响，不知在什么地方，故用现在完成时。（2015年）30.The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been【解析】：A 考点：时态。句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。（2016年）22.More efforts, as reported, _in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are made B.will be made C.are beingmade D.have been made【答案】D 考点：考查时态语态。29.Dashan, who crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learning C.had been learning D.has been learning【解析】D考点：考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。（2017年）27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he_.A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed【解析】A 考查宾语从句和时态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。31. Hes been informed that he _for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D.wasnt qualifying 【解析】C 考查宾语从句时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。（2018年）30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past twoyears.A. had been carried out B. would be carried outC. is being carried out D. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years 可知用过去完成时。故选 A。拓展：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 last month 和 in the past two years，从而得出答案。31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developed B. had developedC. will have developed D. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在 2025 年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语 in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语 by then 到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选 C。拓展：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语 in 2025 和 by then，从而得出答案。二、非谓语动词（2013年）24.Lionel Messi the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.A. set B. SettingC. to set D. having set【解析】:D考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主句结构是非常完整的，缺少的成分只能是非谓语形式，主语Lionel Messi与set the record是主动关系，而且“创记录”已经完成，所以用现在分词的完成式。31.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducing B. reducedC. being reduced D. having reduced【解析】:C考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受大地震和被变成废墟后不久，这个城市呈现出新的面貌。分析句子结构可知，所缺成分在介词after后面作宾语，应用动名词形式，排除B项；reduce在此处意为“使变为”，应用被动形式，排除A项和D项。【注意】像reduce这样的常见动词的陌生中文意思。（2014年）29. His lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given【答案】D 【考点】考察非谓语动词用法【解析】本题较难，a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的句子，本题的两部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除B项。A项表示正在进行，C项不定式表示将要进行。都不符合语义，D项having been done在做状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构His lecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。【举一反三】Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have【答案】A 【考点】考查独立主格结构。【解析】句意为“令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。to have表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。（2015年）24.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【答案】C 考点：独立主格结构 （2016年）28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden【答案】B 考点：考查分词做定语 （2017年）21. Many Chinese brands, _their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 【解析】A 考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。（2018年）25. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造 13,500 个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的 12,000 的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选 D。拓展：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having exceeded 强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词 create 的动作之前；to exceed 表示将要超出；exceeded 过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。三、名词性从句（2014年）26.What a mess! You are always so lazy!Im not to blame, mum. I am_you have made me.A. how B. what C. that D. who【答案】B 【考点】考察名词性从句【解析】本题考察的是名词性从句中的表语从句。表语从句通常都是放在系动词be的后面，说明主语的情况。本句中的what引导起宾语从句，并在宾语从句里放在made me的后面做宾语补足语。句意：真乱啊！你总是这么懒！我不应该受到责备。是你让我成为这样的。That在表语从句中不能做成分，how在句中做状语。Who指人，通常都做主语。故B正确。【举一反三】Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thatsthe best jobs are.A. where B. what C. when D. why答案A 考点本题考查名词性从句。解析句意为：为什么不到市中心商业区去碰碰运气呢, 鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在的地方。where “的地方”, 在此引导表语从句。（2015年）25._ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How【解析】C 考点：名词性从句。句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。（2016年）21.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why B.what C.as D.that【解析】D 考点：考查主语从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。（2017年）26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【解析】C 考查同位语和宾语从句。“half of_ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。【注意】charge在这里是vt.“对索费”的意思。所以空格处既要做介词of的宾语，又要在宾语从句中做charge的宾语。所以只能填what（=the price that/which）。（2018年）21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. when C. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析 which 引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选 D。拓展：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句 By boat is the only way to get here 提示可知作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。四、定语从句（2013年）32.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when【解析】：B考查定语从句。句意：世界银行的行长说，他热爱中国，他记得早在童年就开始了这份热爱。分析句子结构可知，定语从句中start后缺少宾语，所以选择which。【注意】此题看到后面的时间状语“as early as his childhood”容易误选when. 定语从句的答题要注意先行词和从句是否缺少成分，这里的先行词是passion, start在这里是vt. 后缺少宾语。（2014年）22.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. where【答案】D 【考点】考察定语从句【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句a good impression is a must的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中做状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书书帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。AC两项都是关系代词在句中不能做状语，when的先行词通常都是指时间的名词。故D正确。【试题延伸】where引导定语从句时，是表示地点或者抽象意义“在方面”，本身在从句部分充当地点状语。并且有些时候一些词会很抽象的用作地点，比如，case，stage，position，state，activity,business,occasion,situation,point，work等,但也要视情况而定。【举一反三】Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 答案D 考点考查定语从句。解析先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。（2015年）21.The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案】D 考点：定语从句【注意】1）as/which引导非限制性定语从句的位置区别：as位置灵活，which只能位于主句后；2）as一般用在一些习惯用语中，如：as anybody can see正如人们能看到的那样；as is well known=as is known to all众所周知；as we have expected正如我们所预料的那样；as often happens正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before正如以前所说的；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的。3）从句是否定句时，只能用which;表达“正如”时，只能用as。（2016年）23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those【解析】C考点：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。故C正确。（2017年）24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】C 考查定语从句的主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，“被广泛阅读和得到高度评价”发生在过去，故选C。28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【解析】C 考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是.，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。（2018年）23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。故选 B。拓展：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。五、状语从句（2013年）28.In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. WhoeverC. wherever D. whichever【解析】：C考查状语从句。句意：在全球经济中，一种新的治疗癌症的药物，无论它是在哪里被发现的，将在世界各地创造很多经济机会。whatever “无论什么”；whoever “无论是谁”；wherever “无论在哪里”；whichever “无论哪一个”。（2014年）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.A. though B. as C. since D. unless【解析】A 本题考察的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果不；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。【举一反三】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since【考点】A 考查连词。句意：那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。Though”尽管”，引导让步状语从句，该句使用了省略形式，补全为“though it was a little expensive”.注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作此意时必须使用倒装结构。【注意】几个引导状语从句的连词的位置区别：as 必须倒装；though 正常/倒装都可以；although 必须正常；while 正常（句首）。（2016年）26._some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.Because B.If C.Unless D.While【答案】D考点：考查连词（让步状语从句）（2017年）23.Located_the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.A. why B. when C. which D. where【解析】D 考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于.，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。（2018年）29. _ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When【答案】B【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once 一旦；B. Unless 除非；C. If 如果；D. When 当时候。故选 B。拓展：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。六、倒装句式（2013年）27.“Never for a second ,”the boy says, “ that my father would come to my rescue.”A. I doubted B. do I doubtC. I have doubted D. did I doubt【解析】：D考查倒装句式。表示否定意义的副词never位于句首，主句应采用倒装结构，排除A项和C项；再根据从句中谓语动词的时态可确定用一般过去时，排除B项。（2016年）34.Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouraged B.had they encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged【解析】C 试题分析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。七、虚拟语气（2013年）30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thought B. would thinkC. had thought D. have thought【解析】：C考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我知道你是认真的，我就不会大笑了。根据句意和主句的谓语动词的形式可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，所以条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。（2015年）28. It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【解析】D 考点：虚拟语气。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。（2016年）27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been【解析】A 考点：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。【注意】这是一个错综时间条件句：条件句讲述过去，主句叙说现在，主句的谓语动词往往是be和have。the other day 几天前（2017年）22. _not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【解析】B 考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。（2018年）24. Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：