武汉大学研究生英语unit1-to-unit5-vocabulary.pdf

Unit1 Vocabulary Exercise AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.ambiguity recuperation preconception prone connotation preferential ethnocentrically scrutiny deterrent stumbling block1.We have a certain stereotypical _ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception,whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.2.According to Dr.Helfand,Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a _ against India.India wanted them as a _ against China.3.The European _ Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document,decides which EU documents are debated,monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council,and keeps legal,procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.4.A major _ in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.5.Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term“Lao Wai”is somehow an insult,and in fact the term“Lao Wai”doesnt have a negative _ in Chinese.6.China has no plan to change its _ treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order toreassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its _ policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.7.Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_ people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.8.Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias,tolerate_,and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.9.Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and _.10.The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrongoften they are very goodbut we should learn not to judge other cultures ways of acting and thinking _ only because they differ from our own.Keys:1.preconception 2.deterrent;deterrent 3.Scrutiny 4.stumbling block 5.connotation6.preferential;preferential 7.prone 8.ambiguity 9.recuperation 10.ethnocentricallyVocabulary Exercise BFill in the blanks with the best choice.1._implies an active choice to cling to something,not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A.Tenancy B.Tenacity C.Tendency D.Tenure2.In Egypt,I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx,smiling a(an)_ smile.An amazing journey!A.inscrutable B.sweet C.incredulous D.incurious 3.The elimination of _ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange.A.generalizations B.judgments C.doubts D.stereotypes4.The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to _ the news media“filter”that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.A.circumnavigate B.circulate C.circumvent D.curriculum 5.This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination,balance and _ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.A.scrutiny B.spacious C.stereotype D.spatial6.It is a _ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language,the religion,superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India.It ought to be the very same case for England.A.truism B.genuine C.tenacity D.similarity7.The _ of“white”in Chinese includes something unhappy.At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper.In the West,however,white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings,and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A.configuration B.conjunction C.connotation D.connection8.The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _ for continuing military rule,according to Selig Harrison,a leading US authority on South Asia,Afghanistan and the region.A.inflection B.faade C.ambiguity D.fabrication9.As television,and to an extent the internet have _further through our society,the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A.perpetuated B.pervasive C.permanent D.permeated10.Theres this new girl coming to my school,and I like her a lot.I want to _ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A.cement B.lime C.clay D.concreteKeys:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C.5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.AUnit3Vocabulary Check AChoose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.1.China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product.Targeting trendy young people,KFC D&D features new flavors like the _ series,crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea.Its a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.2.Most little children want a dog or a cat,and they continually _ their mothers and fathers until they get one.It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on Rover or Bonze.3.My sister Ellie,who recently lost 20 pounds,has been pressuring me to lose weight too.And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat _she served for dinner the other night,she totally went off on me.4.Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo said Sunday that he is not excluding _ as the cause of last Sundays bomb explosions at Ikeja Military Cantonment in Lagos,which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.5.An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial.The strain of the trial also placed Barries marriage under_,which ultimately led to his wife(Diana Scarwid)divorcing him,and led to Barries children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.6.Both Luo and Guang admit their drugs,while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes,may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis.Rather,they believe,combined _ is the likely ultimate answer.Luo said his drugs,when combined with Western medicine,such as the AZT,have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.7.Anthropologist Dr.Edward T.Hall points out that,for two unacquainted adult male North Americans,the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arms length to about four feet apart.For as the South American moves in,the North American feels hes being pushy;and as the North American backs off the South American thinks hes being _.8.The G.O.P.hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen.But the ploy could _by alienating working women.9.Brad Pitts path from Missouri-bred choirboy to _hunk was cemented with a strong Baptist faith and at least a trillion situps.10.“John has no_.So when his parents passed away,he inherited everything from the family-properties,bank savings,stocks and a big house.Hes really living on easy street.”Vocabulary Check BFill in the blanks with the best choice.sabotage pester standoffish casserole delectablebackfire duress siblings therapy smoothie1.There were other things too.The issue had a lot to do with the pain they felt when they realized how little I trusted them,how little I shared with them.There was so much pain there,_ caused by both sides over the years.I didnt want to hurt them,nor they me,but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.A.inappreciably B.inadvertently C.inarticulately D.invisibly 2.Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries.Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger-thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model.And now,Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional_,and in turn realize common prosperity.A.integration B.diversity C.competition D.integral 3.When people cant explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge,they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of_.A.comparison B.analysis C.counterpart D.analogy4.If you mess up,its not your parents fault,so dont _about your mistakes,learn from them.A.wonder B.worried C.whine D.pester 5.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _ it in a profitable direction.A.adapt B.control C.install D.steer6.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _,particularly in western Europe.A.obscure B.obsolete C.optional D.overlapping7.If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave,think again.On the one hand,its true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast,sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners.From busy homemakers to professional people,many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less.On the other hand,many Americans recognize the value of _ art.A.cookie B.culinary C.cuisine D.cook8.The chairman of the board _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A.compelled B.posed C.pressed D.tempted9.I am not _ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her,because I have nowhere else to live.A.concerned B.compatible C.considerate D.complied10.Bill Clintons first 100 days will be filled with monumental battles over the budget deficit and health care reform.But when the smoke clears,he is likely to look up and find himself staring at another giant challenge-_ off a new round of international trade wars and,perhaps,pressure at home for protectionism.A.firing B.falling C.fending D.flakingUnit 4Vocabulary Check A Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.Remember to change the form if necessary.1.More studies on rigorous data are _.2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is_by frivolities.3.Unforfunately,what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was _by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.4.The renewing of the _ needs greater fiscal investments from the government.5.The _of plan economy is being erased step by step.6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is_in the position as a qualified salesperson.7.The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are _of the tensions between America and Iran.8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly_the bilateral trade in other areas.9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n)_ number of 356 seats in the presidential election.10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of_the use of resources.Vocabulary Check B Choose the appropriate word from the list to complete the following paragraph.Remember to change the form if necessary.The true rate of(1)_ to education in China may be as high as 30%or 40%.Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very(2)_ as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital.More studies on rigorous data are(3)_.A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making.If governments(4)_ projects,whether they are human capital projects,or investment projects for dams,road,bridges or factories,they will make better investment decisions.Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good thwart optimize infrastructure vestige warrant entail offset symptomatic aggregate retard evaluate eliminate return harness warrant expenditure foster maximize presume limitinvestments and promoting good projects and(6)_ the bad.The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high.Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments,provincial government and central government.Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making.Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital.It is not necessary to use funds from the center or(7)_ that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied.Free up the labor market and the market for education would 9_ the forces that promote acquisition of skills by(8)_ the training of individual workers by firm,or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers,better factory workers and better managers.Otherwise,educational(9)_ should be increased and equalized across regions to(10)_ the return on human capital investment.Vocabulary Check 1.warranted 2.retarded 3.offset 4.infrastructur 5.vestige6.entailed 7.symptomatic 8.thwart 9.aggregate 10.optimizingVocabulary Check B1.return 2.limited 3warranted 4.evaluate 5.eliminating 6.presume 7.harness 8.fostering 9.expenditures 10.maximizeUnit 5Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the list given.Change the form if necessary.rehabilitation vulnerability migration alleviation preference displacement sustainability incineration urbanization deterioration10.The state government will be using some of its tax dollars to _ its downtown area.11.If someone is _,they become more typical of people who live in cities.12.The political consultant devised a campaign to _ the First Ladys image.Keys 1.vulnerable2.alleviated3.unsustainable4.deteriorated 5.preference6.displace7.migrated8.prefer9.incinerated10.rehabilitate11.urbanized12.rehabilitateDirections:Match the synonyms and/or antonyms in italics with the words or phrases in the following list.The first one has been done for you.overvalue depend simplify underestimate figurative sophisticate deforestation invulnerabilityexposure relieve shift heritage security aggregate decelerationundervaluecomplicateafforestationliteralvulnerabilityAlleviatedisplacementinheritancecollateralexacerbateRetardationhingeSynonymunderestimateAntonymovervalueundervaluecomplicateafforestationliteralvulnerabilityAlleviatedisplacementinheritancecollateralexacerbateRetardationhingeSynonymunderestimateSophisticate simplifyexposurerelieveshiftheritagesecurityaggregatedecelerationdependAntonymovervaluesimplifyDeforestationfigurativeinvulnerabilityDirections:Choose the correct definition for each of the underlined words.1.In many parts of the world,women tend to be the poorest of the poor in a very literal sense.a.Being in accordance with,conforming to,or upholding the exact or primary meaning of a word or words.b.Word for word;verbatim;c.Conforming or limited to the simplest,nonfigurative,or most obvious meaning of a word or words.2.Discriminatory inheritance and property ownership laws restrict womens ability to ensure long-term food security for the family,and to get loans using land as collateral.a.Of a secondary nature;subordinate;b.Property acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.3.Mens knowledge of traditional crops and practices is actually declining as a result of formal schooling and migration to urban areas.a.The act of moving from one