人教版初中英语中考复习知识点归纳总结全册.pdf

人人教教版英版英语语中考分中考分册复册复习习知知识识点点Unit 1-Unit 2重点句型重点句型1.My names Jenny.Im Gina.Nice to meet you.2.Whats your/his/her name?My/His/Her name is .3.Whats your/his/her family/first name?4.Whats your telephone number?Its 218-9176.5.Whats his/her telephone number?6.Whats this/that in English?Its a ruler.7.Is this/that your pencil?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.8.How do you spell pencil?/Spell pencil./Can you spell pencil?9.Is that your computer game in the lost and found case?10.Call Alan at 495-3539.重点重点语语法法bebe 在一般在一般现现在在时时中的基本用法：中的基本用法：I 用 am,you 用 are，is 跟着他她它。He,she,it 用 is，we,you they 都用 are。单数名词用is，复数名词都用 are。be 的几种形式：is,am,are being was,were been主主谓谓一致：一致：主谓一致的 15 种常考情况：1 表示时间，重量，数目，价格，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或短语看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Two months is quite a long time.Twenty dollars is enough.2 动词不定式，动名词，从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To see is to believe.It is not easy to master a foreign language.3 由 and 连接两个成分作主语时，要根据其表示的意义来决定谓语动词的形式。如果其表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数，如果其表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数。The writer and the teacher are coming.The poet and teacher is one of my friends.4 集合名词 people，police 一般看作复数意义，其谓语动词用复数。另外一些集合名词 family，enemy，class，army 等作主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当他们表示的是整体意义时，谓语用单数；当他们强调个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。In England,people eat fish and chips.The Chinese people（民族）is a great people.5 名词性物主代词 mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs 等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该代词所表示的意义是单数还是复数。His parents are young,but mine are old.6 以 s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如 news，physics，politics，maths 等。No news is good news.Physics is the most difficult subject for him.7 由 or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等词连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数和最接近的主语一致。Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before.8 以 there，here 开头的句子，若主语不止一个，其谓语动词的形式和邻近的那个主语一致。There is a table and four chairs in the room.Here are some books and paper for you.9 trousers，clothes，glasses，compasses，chopsticks 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有 a pair of 短语时，谓语动词用单数。Jims trousers are brown.The pair of glasses is Mr.Greens.10 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数而定。A lot of people have been to London.Three-fifths of the water is dirty.11“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are.12代词something，anything，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither of us is a boy。Each of them has an English dictionary。One of the students was late for school。13All，some none，most，any 等代词作主语时，若其指复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式；若其指单数形式，则谓语动词用单数形式。Not all work is difficult。Not all the students are here。14有些形容词前面加上定冠词 the，如 the poor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying 等用来表示一类人时，主语为复数意义，谓语动词用复数。The old are good taken care of。15Many a 意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。Many a student has passed the exam。练习：1The news for my brother。A.are B.were C.be D.is2A boy with two dogs when the earthquake rocked the city。A.were sleeping B.is asleep C.was sleeping D.are asleep3Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began。A.are B.is C.was D.were4Neither he nor I from Canada。We are from Australia。A.is B.are C.am D.be5Jim works hard on his Chinese and 。A.so Lucy does B.so is Lucy C.so does Lucy D.so Lucy is 6Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow。.A.is B.am C.are D.be7Henry，with his friends，volleyball every afternoon。A.play B.plays C.has played D.have played8Fish and chips the most takeaway food in England。A.are B.is C.were D.was9My family early in the morning。A.get B.gets C.has got D.have got10Maths my favorite subject。A.be B.is C.am D.are11.How time flies!Three years really a short time.A.is B.are C.was D.were12.liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars.Of them are the pride of China.A.Both B.Neither C.All D.None13.Are the twins on the football team?-No,neither of them on the team.A.is B.are C.were D.be14.Not only his parents but also his grandfather to a lot of places of interest in our country since hey came here.A.has gone B.has been C.have gone D.have been15.There are enough in the fridge.We dont need to buy any.A.milk B.tomatoes C.tomatos D.apple16.A report says hundreds and thousands of trees in the Amazon rainforest last year.A.was cut down B.have been cut down C.were cut down D.had been cut downUnits3-4Units3-4 复复习习要点要点 1 1、介、介绍绍家庭成家庭成员员 This/That is my sister/brother/mother These/Those are my parents/grandparents Is this/that your sister/brother?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.Are these/those your parents/grandparents?Yes,they are./No,they arent.There are 3/4/5 people in my family.They are my father,my mother,and I.2 2、关关于方位介于方位介词词或短或短语语 表方位的介词或短语有：in,on,under,behind,near,next to,in front of,across from,My book is on my desk,my pen is in my book Where is the backpack/pencil?Its in/on/under.Where are the books/pens/balls?They are in/on/under.3 3、把、把带带去去给给某人某人 take to e.g:Please take these things to your sister.把把带带来来给给某人某人 bringto e.g:Can you bring my homework to school?二、代二、代词词 (有两种：人称代词和物主代词。)1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine.That is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请请牢牢记记下表：下表：练练一一练练：1 1、按要求、按要求写写出相出相应应人人称称代代词词。I（宾格）_ she（形容词性物主代词）_ we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数）_ us（单数）_ theirs（主格）_ its（宾格）2 2、想一想，把下表、想一想，把下表补补充完整。充完整。3 3、用所、用所给词给词的适的适当当形式形式填填空。空。1）That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2）The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3）Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)4）_ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)5）_ dresses are red.(we)What color are _?(you)6）Show _ your kite,OK?(they)7）I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)8）Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.(they)9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we)10）_ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_ a nurse.(she)11）Where are _?I cant find _.Lets call _ parents.(they)12）Dont touch _._ not a cat,_ a tiger!(it)13）_ sister is ill.Please go and get _.(she)14）The girl behind _ is our friend.(she)三、其他代三、其他代词词（有反身代（有反身代词词，指示代，指示代词词，不定代，不定代词词，疑，疑问问代代词词，相互代相互代词词和和关关系代系代词词）1、反身代词：表示某人自己的代词人人称称 数数单单数数复数复数第一人第一人称称myselfourselves第二人第二人称称yourselfyourselves第三人第三人称称himselfherselfitselfthemselves反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、表语等，在使用时应注意它和它所指代的名词和代词在人称、性、数上的一致性。Little Jimmy can dress himself now。小吉米现在能自己穿衣服了。（作宾语）The boy in the picture is myself，not anyone else。照片上的男孩不是别人，正是我自己。（作表语）I myself made the mistake about your address。我自己把你的地址搞错了。（作同位语）四、指示代词指示代词是用来指示或标示人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”，他们主要有：单 数 复 数近指 this 这个 these 这些 远指 that 那个 those 那些1.this,these 往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that,those 可指时间或空间较远的人和物。This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的.(this 近指,that 远指)I like these games but Idont like those.我喜欢这些游戏,但不喜欢那些.(these 近指,those 远指)2.that,those 常常用来代替前面已提到过的名词,以避免重复。those 代指复数形式，that 代指单数形式。The computer works faster than those we bought last year。这些计算机比我们去年买的工作速度快。The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city。乡村生活比城市的生活要安静。对于上文中所提到的事物，英语中常用 that 或 those 表示，而汉语却常用“这”表示。如：I had a bad cold。Thats why I didnt attend the lecture。我感冒了，这就是我为什么没去听讲座的原因。Those are the DVDs you want。这就是你要的 DVD 碟片。UnitsUnits 5-65-6重点句型重点句型：DoDo youyou havehave a a basketball?basketball?Yes,Yes,I I do.do./No,No,I I dont.dont.LetsLets watchwatch TV.TV.No,No,thatthat soundssounds boring.boring.ThatThat soundssounds great.great.DoDo youyou likelike hamburgers?hamburgers?Yes,Yes,I I do.do./No,No,I I dont.dont.I I likelike FrenchFrench fries.fries.I I dontdont likelike tomatoes.tomatoes.重点重点语语法法:名名词词一一.名名词词的分的分类类:名名词词分分为专为专有名有名词词和普通名和普通名词词。专专有名有名词词指指个个人，人，地方地方,机机构构等等专专有名有名称称.如：如：China,China,Shanghai,Shanghai,Li Li leilei。普通名。普通名词词又分又分为为个个体名体名词词:某某类类人或人或东东西中的西中的个个体体.如如 fighter,fighter,gun,gun,country,country,集体名集体名词词:若干若干个个体体组组成的集合体成的集合体.如如 family,family,team,team,police,police,classclass物物质质名名词词：无法分：无法分为为个个体的体的实实物。如物。如 cotton,cotton,tea,tea,air,air,抽象名抽象名词词:动动作作,状状态态,品品质质,感情等抽象感情等抽象概概念念.如如:health,health,happiness.happiness.个个体名体名词词和集体名和集体名词词又叫做可又叫做可数数名名词词.物物质质名名词词和抽象名和抽象名词词又叫做不可又叫做不可数数名名词词.二二.名名词词的的数数。可。可数数名名词词都有都有单单数数和和复数复数之分。之分。:规则规则的可的可数数名名词变词变复数复数的的规则规则如下：如下：1.1.一般情一般情况况加加 s s :books,books,mouths,mouths,houses,houses,girlsgirls 2.2.以以 s s，shsh，ch,ch,x x 结结尾的尾的 es:es:classes,classes,boxes,boxes,matchesmatches 3.3.辅辅音字母音字母 +y y 结结尾的尾的变变 y y 为为 i,i,再加再加 es:es:cities,countries,cities,countries,parties,factoriesparties,factories 4.4.以以 o o 结结尾的尾的词词多多数数+es+es heroesheroes NegroesNegroes potatoespotatoes tomatoestomatoes zeroeszeroes /zeroszeros 以以 o o 结结尾尾并并且且词词尾有尾有两个两个元音字母元音字母 +s+s radios,radios,zoos,zoos,bamboosbamboos ,(pianos(pianos ,kilos,kilos photosphotos 是特殊是特殊)5.5.以以 f,f,fefe 结结尾的改尾的改 f,f,或或 fefe 为为 v,v,再再+es,+es,例如例如:leaves,:leaves,lives,lives,wiveswives knives,knives,halves,halves,wolveswolves TheThe thiefsthiefs wifewife killedkilled threethree wolveswolves withwith somesome leavesleaves andand knivesknives in in halfhalf ofof herher life.life.但是但是,也有一些也有一些+s,+s,如如 roofs,roofs,proofs,proofs,gulfs,gulfs,beliefs,beliefs,handkerchiefshandkerchiefs /handkerchieveshandkerchieves :不不规则规则的可的可数数名名词变词变复数复数的的规则规则：1.1.manmanmen,men,womanwomanwomen,women,toothtoothteeth,teeth,footfootfeet,feet,childchildchildren,children,mousemousemice,mice,2.2.单单复数复数相同相同:sheep,sheep,fish,fish,deer,deer,means,means,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,fishfish 如表示不同如表示不同种种类类的的鱼时鱼时复数复数是是 fishes;fishes;ThereThere areare manymany kindskinds ofof fishesfishes in in thatthat lake.lake.3.3.以以 man,man,womanwoman 修修饰饰名名词词构构成合成成合成词时词时,两个两个词词都都变变化化.manman servantservantmenmen servants(servants(男仆男仆).).(boy/girl(boy/girl students)students)womanwoman doctordoctorwomenwomen doctors.doctors.4.4.复复合名合名词词的的复数复数形式形式:son-in-law-sons-in-lawson-in-law-sons-in-law (主体名主体名词变词变化化)film-goer-film-goers,film-goer-film-goers,grown-up-grown-upsgrown-up-grown-ups (如果如果没没有主体名有主体名词词,在在词词尾加尾加复数复数)5.5.字母字母,阿拉伯阿拉伯数数字的字的复数复数形式一般加形式一般加“s“s ”或或“s”.“s”.ThereThere areare twotwo lsls in in thethe wordword “allall ”.”.It It happenedhappened in in thethe 1960s1960s /1960s./1960s.I I willwill notnot acceptaccept youryour ifsifs andand buts.buts.6.6.物物质质名名词词一般一般没没有有复数复数，有，有时时用用复数复数形式表示不同形式表示不同种种类类，wheats,wheats,fruits,fruits,vegetables,vegetables,有有时时表示更广的表示更广的词义词义，woodwoodwoods,woods,waterwaterwaters,waters,sandsandsandssands 7.7.定冠定冠词词加姓氏的加姓氏的复数复数表示一家人。表示一家人。thethe Turners,Turners,thethe Smiths,Smiths,thethe Wangs.Wangs.8.8.集体名集体名词词 people,people,police,police,cattlecattle 总总是作是作复数复数，(peoplepeople 作民族，作民族，种种族族时时有有单单复数两种复数两种形式形式)ManyMany cattlecattle areare kept.kept.SeveralSeveral policepolice werewere onon duty.duty.TheThe ChineseChinese areare a a bravebrave andand hard-workinghard-working people.people.TheThe EnglishEnglish areare a a funnyfunny people.people.9.9.集体名集体名词词 class,class,public,public,family,family,population,population,team,team,crew,crew,committeecommittee 等等单单复数复数都有，但意都有，但意义义不同。不同。TheThe classclass is is big.-big.-TheThe classclass areare takingtaking notesnotes in in English.English.TheThe populationpopulation in in ChinaChina is is larger.-larger.-80%80%ofof thethe populationpopulation in in ChinaChina areare peasants.peasants.10.10.hairhair，fruitfruit 通常作通常作单单数数，表示，表示总总体。体。HisHis hairhair is is grey.grey.a a richrich harvestharvest ofof fruitfruit 如果表示若干根如果表示若干根头发头发，表示，表示种种类类的水果的水果时时，可以加，可以加复数复数词词尾。尾。HeHe hadhad a a fewfew whitewhite hairs.hairs.WhatWhat fruitsfruits areare onon salesale in in thisthis seasonseason?11.11.以以 s s 结结尾的尾的学学科名科名词词只作只作单单数数。mathematicsmathematics ,physics,physics,politics,politics,等。等。（newsnews）12.glasses12.glasses，trouserstrousers，scissorsscissors，shoesshoes，spectaclesspectacles，等常用，等常用复数复数；但如果；但如果这这些些词词前用前用 a a pairpair ofof /thisthis pairpair of/thatof/that pairpair ofof等修等修饰时谓语动词饰时谓语动词有有 pairpair 来决来决定。定。WhereWhere areare mymy glassesglasses？MyMy newnew pairpair ofof trouserstrousers is is tootoo long.long.HereHere areare somesome newnew pairspairs ofof shoes.shoes.13.13.不可不可数数名名词词没没有有复数复数形式，如果表示形式，如果表示“一一个个”的的概概念，可用念，可用单单位位词词。a a piecepiece ofof newsnews /informationinformation /adviceadvice /breadbread /cakecake /paperpaper /meatmeat /coalcoal a a bottlebottle ofof ink,ink,a a graingrain ofof ricerice ,a a cakecake ofof soapsoap 说说明：可明：可数数名名词词和不可和不可数数名名词词之之间间并没并没有截然的界限；可有截然的界限；可数数名名词词可以可以转变为转变为不可不可数数名名词词，同，同样样不可不可数数名名词词也可以也可以转变为转变为可可数数名名词词，要看，要看清清整整个个上下文的具体上下文的具体内内容。容。三三.名名词词的所有格。的所有格。.有生命的名有生命的名词词所有格的所有格的构构成：成：A.A.一般在一般在词词尾尾s.s.thethe teachersteachers office,office,XiaoXiao LisLis sisterssisters husbandshusbands mother.mother.B.B.以以 s s 结结尾的尾的复数复数名名词词只加只加 workersworkers restrest homes.homes.thethe massesmasses requestrequest C.C.不以不以 s s 结结尾的尾的复数复数名名词词加加s.s.childrenschildrens toystoys WomensWomens DayDay D:D:复复合名合名词词只在最后一只在最后一个个词词的后面加的后面加s.s.mymy sister-in-lawsister-in-laws s brother.brother.E:E:表示共同所有的几表示共同所有的几个个名名词词，只在最后一，只在最后一个个词词的后面加的后面加s.s.ThisThis is is Tom,Tom,JamesJames andand DicksDicks room.room.F:F:表示各表示各个个所有所有关关系的几系的几个个名名词词，在每，在每个个名名词词后分后分别别加加s.s.Jennys,Jennys,JeansJeans andand MarysMarys roomsrooms faceface toto thethe south.south.G:G:名名词词短短语语只在最后一只在最后一个个词词后加后加s.s.a a quarterquarter ofof anan hourshours talk.talk.名名词词所有格的用法：所有格的用法：1.1.名名词词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词词，表示所，表示所属关属关系。系。LeiLei FengsFengs dairy.dairy.thethe WorkingWorking PeoplesPeoples PalacePalace ofof Culture.Culture.2.2.也可用于表示也可用于表示时间时间的名的名词词。todaystodays paper.paper.anan hourshours drive.drive.FridaysFridays work.work.3.3.也可用于表示地理、也可用于表示地理、国国家、城市等名家、城市等名词词。thethe countryscountrys plan.plan.thethe farmsfarms fruit.fruit.ChinasChinas population.population.4.4.也可用于表示由人也可用于表示由人组组成的集体名成的集体名词词。ourour PartysPartys standstand（党的立（党的立场场）5.5.也可用于表示度量、价也可用于表示度量、价值值的名的名词词。twotwo dollarsdollars worthworth ofof books.books.a a poundspounds weight.weight.(现现代英代英语语中，中，这这种种用法越用法越来来越多。越多。).凡不能用凡不能用ss 属属格的情格的情况况可用可用 ofof 属属格表示所格表示所属关属关系。系。thethe CityCity ofof NewNew York.York.a a mapmap ofof China.China.特特别别是下列情是下列情况况要用要用 ofof 属属格：格：当当名名词词有有较长较长的定的定语时语时，thethe namename ofof thethe girlgirl standingstanding atat thethe gate.gate.HaveHave youyou readread thethe articlesarticles ofof thethe studentsstudents whowho werewere withwith usus yesterday.yesterday.所修所修饰饰的名的名词词前有前有数数量量词时词时，a a playplay ofof ComradeComrade Lis.Lis.somesome friendsfriends ofof mymy brothersbrothers .所修所修饰饰的名的名词词前有一前有一个个指示代指示代词时词时，thatthat performanceperformance ofof thethe teachersteachers .双双重所有格：重所有格：当当 ofof 前面的名前面的名词词有不定冠有不定冠词词、指示代、指示代词词、疑、疑问问代代词词、不、不定代定代词词或或数数词词如如 a,a,an,an,this,this,that,that,these,these,those,those,two,two,three,three,four,four,any,any,some,some,several,several,no,no,fewfew ,another,another 等修等修饰饰时时，用，用双双重所有格，重所有格，双双重所有格只用于表示人的名重所有格只用于表示人的名词词并并且都且都是特指的。是特指的。a a poempoem ofof LuLu XunsXuns .a a friendfriend ofof his/hershis/hers .WhichWhich novelnovel ofof DickensDickens areare youyou readingreading?somesome friendsfriends ofof mymy brothersbrothers .5.5.几几种种特殊情特殊情况况：thethe keykey toto thethe door.door.keyskeys toto thethe exercises.exercises.notesnotes toto thethe texttext answersanswers toto thethe questionquestion ticketstic