2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解.doc

2018江苏省英语高考考试说明词汇讲解
1.acquisition n.① the act of getting sth, especially knowledge, a skill获得，得到
second language acquisition.
②something that sb buys to add what they already own, usually sth valuable
His latest acquisition is a racehouse.
2.airmail n. 航空邮递
3.altitude n. the height above sea level 海拔；海拔高度 at high altitude
4.amateur n. a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment , not as a job.
业余爱好者；业余运动员The tournament is open to both amateures and professions.
adj. 业余爱好的 amateur athletics
5.appendix n.书或文件的附录
6.assure v.使确信；向…保证 You think I did deliberately , but I assure you that I did not.
7.awake adj.醒着 to be half/fully awake/ keep…awake
v. 醒来 / 唤起；被唤起/察觉到；意识到；醒悟到
It took her some time to awake to the danger of her situation.
8.booklet n.小册子
9.bounce v.① 使弹起，弹跳；反射 The ball bounced twice before he could reach it.
Short sound waves bounce off even small objects.
② to jump up and down. She bounced up and down excitedly on the bed.
be bouncing off the walls精力充沛待不住；激动的难以平静
10.buffet n.自助餐；快餐部
11.caption n. words that are printed underneath a picture, cartoon that explain or describe it. 说明文字/字幕
12.client n. ①委托人；当事人；客户② 连接在服务器上的客户机
13.collapse v. ①建筑物突然倒塌，坍塌 The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
②病人尤指因病重而倒下，昏倒，晕倒 He collapsed in the street and died two hours later.
③to fail suddenly or completely 突然失败；崩溃；瓦解 = break down . Talks between management and unions have collapsed.
plicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的 The instructions look very complicated.
15.considerable adj. great in amount ,size, importance 相当多、大、重要等
The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.
16.crack v. ①因压力吃不消，崩溃，瓦解 Things are terrible at work and people are cracking under the strain.
②找到解决难题等的方法 to crack the enemy’s code/a hard/tough nut to crack
③ crack down on 竭力取缔；严厉打击；镇压
Police are cracking down on drug dealers.
get cracking 立即大干起来
not all, everything sb’s cracked up to be 不像人们说的那么好
crack on with sth 为尽快完成而努力干；急速经过，穿过；快速继续下去
crack up 因压力造成身体或精神垮掉，崩溃
crack sb up 使大笑起来
17.crisis n.危机；危急关头 financial crisis 复数：crises
18.damp adi.潮湿的；微湿的；湿气重的 a damp squib 令人失望的事；令人扫兴的事
n. 潮湿；潮气；湿气；湿块
19.define v. ①解释；给…下定义 The term “mental illness” is hard to define.
②阐明；明确；界定It’s difficult to define what makes him so popular.
The difficulty of a problem was defined in terms of how long it took to complete.
20. demanding adj. ① needing a lot of skill, patience, effort etc.要求高的；需要高技能或耐性的；费力的
The work is physically demanding.
② 要求极严的；苛求的；难满足的 a demanding boss/ child
21.depression n. ① a state of feeling very sad and without hope 抑郁；沮丧；消沉
There was a feeling of gloom and depression in the office when news of job cuts was announced.
② 萧条期；经济衰退；不景气 The country was in the economic depression.
depressed adj. 抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的/ 不景气的；萧条的；经济困难的
22.dictation n. 口述/ 听写
23.discipline n. ①训练；训导；纪律；风纪 The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.
②the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live ,work.自制力；遵守纪律
He will never get anywhere working for himself----he has got no discipline.
v. ①惩罚；处罚The officers were disciplined for using racist language.
② 自我控制；严格要求自己He disciplined himself to exercise at least three times a week.
24.domestic adj. ①本国的；国内的 domestic affairs/ politics/ flights foreign flights
② 家用的；家庭的；家务的 domestic violence/ service 家庭暴力/ 家政服务
③ 驯养的；作宠物饲养的；非野生的
25. drown v. ①淹死，溺死Two children drowned after falling into the river.
He had attempted to rescue the drowning man.
②压过；盖没；淹没She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.
③ drown your fears/loneliness/sorrows 借酒壮胆，解寂寞，浇愁等
26.drum n. 鼓 beat/bang the drum for sb/sth 竭力鼓吹，摇旗呐喊
27.efficient adj. doing sth well and thoroughly with no waste time, money or energy 效率高的；有功效的
the efficient use of energy 注意：inefficient efficiency efficiently
28.element n. ①要素；基本部分；典型部分a key element
②基本原理，基础，纲要He taught me the elements of map-reading.
③电器元件
29.entitle v. ①使享有资格；使符合资格 entitle sb to sth
You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65.
entite sb to do sth
This ticket does not entitle you to travel first class.
② 给…命名或提名 He read a poem entitled “Salt”
n. entitlement 权利，资格/有权得到的东西；应得的数额/政府津贴制
30.equate v. equate sth with sth 同等看待；使等同于
Some parents equate education with exam success.
equate to sth 相当于；等于
31.even ① adv.强调出乎意料 甚至，连，即使He never even opened the letter.
② adj. = equal equal or the same for each person , team place etc.
Our scores are now even.
平滑的；平/变化不大的，均匀的，平稳的/相等的；均等的/均衡的；不相上下的；同一水平的/匀称的；均匀的；同样大小的/镇静的；稳重的；平和的，温和的
32.exception n.例外 no exception / Nobody had much money at the time and I was no exception.
33.exhibition n. 展览品/展览；展出/表现，显示，表演
34.fax n. 传真机/传真/传真信件；传真电文 v. 传真信件文档等。
35.feature ①n. 特色；特征；特点 Teamwork is a key feature of the training programme.
②v. 以…为特征；是…的特征 to have or include someone or something as an important part
The building features a state –of-the-art security system.
The new menu features several low-fat entrée.(主菜)
36.fibre= fiber n.食物中的纤维素/织物或绳等纤维制品/纤维
37.file n.文件夹；卷宗/文件/档案/ 38.garment n.一件衣服
39. glue n.胶；胶水
v. 用胶水粘合，粘牢，粘贴 She glued the label onto the box.
①be glued to sth: to give all your attention to sth; to stay very close to sth全神贯注看着某物；离某物很近。Her eyes were glued to the screen.
② glued to the spot: not able to move, for example because you are frightened or surprised 动弹不得；吓呆了；惊呆了
40.goose/ geese n.鹅/傻瓜；笨蛋
41.guard n.警卫/看守/卫兵/保卫
v. to protect property, places or people from attack or danger. 警卫；守卫；保卫
You can’t get in ; the whole place is guarded.
42.handkerchief n. 手帕；纸巾
43.hurrah =hooray : used to show that you are happy or that you approve of sth表示快乐或赞同/好极了；好啊
44.illustrate v. ①to make the meaning of sth clearly by using examples,pictures,etc.用示例，图画等说明解释。
Here’s an example to illustrate what I mean.
② to show that sth is true or that a situation exists 表明…真实；显示…存在=demonstrate
The incident illustrates the need for better security measure.
45.imply v.to suggest that sth is true or that you feel or think sth, without saying so directly. 暗示；暗指
46.inflation n.通货膨胀 the fight against rising inflation
47.install v. 安装；设置；建立程序 I will need some help installing the software.
48.insult v. to say or do sth that offends sb 辱骂；侮辱；冒犯
I have never been so insulted in my life.
49.insurance n. 保险 life/car/travel/household insurance
50.insure v.投保；给…保险 We strongly recommend insuring against sickness or injury.
51.internal adj. coming from within a thing itself rather than from outside it 本身的；自身的;内部的
opp: external
52.interpret v. ①to explain the meaning of sth 阐释；说明
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
I don’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.(把…理解为；领会)
② to perform a piece of music , a role in a play, in a way that shows your feelings about its meaning. 演绎
He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.
n. interpretation 理解；解释；说明/演绎；演奏方式；表演方式
n interptreter 口译工作者；口译译员/演绎音乐戏剧中人物等的人
53.invest v. ① 投资 The government has invested heavily in public transport.
② 投入时间精力等She had invested all her adult life in the relationship.
n. investment The project has demanded considerable investment of time and effort.
54.iron. n. 铁/镣铐have several irons in the fire 同时有好几事要做；广泛撒网v. 熨，烫平to iron that dress
55.issue n. ①问题；担忧 If you have any issues, please call this number.
②报刊的一期；期号 the July issue of 。。。
v. to give sth to sb ,especially officially 正式发给；供给
Work permits were issued to only 5% of those who applied for them.
56.item n. ① 项目 What’s the next item on the agenda?
② a single article or object 一件商品或物品 Can I pay each item separately?
57.joint adj.联合的；共同的 a joint effort 共同努力的结果
58.junction n. 公路或铁路的交叉路口，汇合处，枢纽站；电缆的主接点；河流的汇合处；结合点
59. justify v. ① to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable 证明…正确或正当，有理
How can they justify paying such huge salaries?
Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.
②to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth 对…作出解释；为…辩解或辩护
The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.
60.keen adj. ①wanting to do sth or wanting sth to happen very much 渴望；热切；热衷于
John was very keen to help.
②be keen on doing sth 喜爱；着迷；有兴趣
She is not keen on being told what to do.
61.kettle n.壶，水壶 an electric kettle 电水壶
62.laptop n. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
63.least a,n,adv .not in the least 一点也不；丝毫不 A:Do you mind if I put the TV on? B：No, not in the least.
at least : not less than 至少；不少于Cut the grass at least once a week in summer.
64.license n.an official document that shows that permission has been given to do ,own or use sth
① 许可证；执照 a driving license 驾驶执照 a license for the software 软件许可证
You need a license to fish in this river.
65.literally adv. ①字面意义的When I told you to get lost I didn’t expect to be taken literally.
② 强调事实可能令人惊讶真正地，确实地There are literally hundreds of prizes to win.
③ 简直. I literally jumped out of my skin.
注意：literary adj. 文学的；文学上的 literary criticism 文学评论
66.litter n.在公共场所乱扔的垃圾，废弃物，杂物。
v.使乱七八糟；使凌乱Piles of books and newspapers littered the floor.
67.lounge n. 等候室；休息室；起居室
68.margin n.页边空白；白边 the left-hand/ right-hand margin 左右页边
on the margins of society生活在社会边缘的人
69.marvellous adj.extremely good; wonderful 极好的，非凡的= fantastic, splendid
It’s marvellous what modern technology can do.
70.massive adj . very large ,heavy and solid 巨大的；大而重的；结实的 a massive rock/hole/house
71.military adj.军事的；军队的；武装的 military training/intelligence
n. the military 军人；军队；军方
72. mine n.铜矿；钻石矿；v. 开矿，采矿 They were mining for gold.
73.miserable adj. very unhappy or uncomfortable 痛苦的；非常难受的；可怜的
I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.
74.misery n.痛苦；悲惨=distress the miseries of unemployment失业的痛苦
75.mug n.大杯；缸子；马克杯 a mug’s game 徒劳无功的事；不易成功的事；不易获利的事
76.neglect v.not to give enough attention to sth 忽略；忽视；不予重视；疏忽；疏漏
The building has been neglected for years.
n.忽视；忽略；未被重视 The law imposes penalties for the neglect of children.
77.nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而 There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
78.nonsense n. ① 谬论；胡扯；胡言乱语You are talking nonsense.
②愚蠢的行为；冒失；不可接受的行为
The new teacher won’t stand for any nonsense.
79.odd. adj. ①strange or unusual 奇怪的；怪异的；反常的The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me.
②临时的，偶尔的 odd jobs 杂活；零活
80.omit v. 删除；忽略；漏掉；遗漏=leave out She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.
81. opposition n. ① 强烈的反对，反抗，对抗
Delegates expressed strong opposition to the plans.
②事业，竞赛，游戏等的对手，敌手，竞争者
The opposition is mounting a strong challenge to our business.
82.oval n. 椭圆形 adj. 椭圆形的
83.part v.离开；分别；分开The puppies were parted from their mother at birth.
The elevator doors parted and out stepped the president.
84.peach n.桃子，桃
85.perfume n.香水
86.postcode n.邮政编码；邮编
87.priority n. ①优先事项；最重要的事；首要事情 Our first priority is to improve standards.
②优先；优先权The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.
88.proof n. 证据；证明 adj.能抵御的；能防范；可防护rainproof/ windproof
89.proposal n.提议；建议；动议;求婚His proposal that the system should be changed was rejected.
90.propose v.建议；提议It is proposed that the president be elected for a period of two years.
He proposed changing the name of the company.
91.providing = provided(that)=if conj. 如果；假如；在…条件下
We will buy everything you produce, provided the price is right.
92.reason v.推理；推论；推断 She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
93.recite v.背诵，吟诵，朗诵；列举；逐一讲述
94.revenue n. 财政收入；税收收入；收益 The company’s annual revenues rose 30%.
95.rewind v.重绕；倒带；倒片
96.sake n. for the sake of 为了某人某事起见；因某人某事的缘故
The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of accuracy.
She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.
97.sausage n.香肠；腊肠
98.scale n. ①规模，范围，程度 Here was corruption on a large scale.
It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster.
②标度；刻度How much does it read on the scale?
99.scheme n. 计划；方案；体系；体制 to introduce/operate a scheme
100.series n.一系列；连续；连接The incident sparked off a whole series of events that nobody had foreseen.
101.shift v.①to move sth from one position or place to another 移动；挪动
She shifted her weight from one foot to the other.
②改变观点或态度，做事方式等The new policy shifted the emphasis away from fighting inflation.
n. ①改变；转移；转换；变换 a shift of emphasis
②班；轮班；轮班工作时间 to be on the day/night shift at the factory.
102.signature n.签名；署名
104.sin n. 罪，罪恶，罪过Confess your sins to God and he will forgive you.
105.slap v.用手掌打拍掴 She slapped him hard across the face. a slap on the wrist 警告，轻微的惩罚
106.snap v.拍照；摄影A passing tourist snapped the incident.
107.socket n. 电源插座；插口；插孔；
108.sour adj. ①酸的；有酸味的 sour apples
② not cheerful;bad-tempered and unpleasant 阴郁的；闷闷不乐的，没好气的
The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.
sourly 没好气的
109. spade n.锹；铲 call a spade a spade
110.spoil v①破坏；搞坏；糟蹋；毁掉=ruin / Don’t eat too much nuts—you will spoil your appetite.
②溺爱；娇惯；宠坏She spoils those kids of hers.
111.spoon n. 勺；匙；调羹
112.spoonful n. 一勺的量
113.stall n. 货摊，摊位，售货亭 a market stall
114.stock n. 股票 stock prices 股票价格 stock market 证券交易；股市
115.stocking n. 长筒袜
116.strait n.海峡；水道
117.stretch v. ①to put your arms or legs out straight and contract your muscles 伸展；舒展
He stretched and yawned lazily.
②伸手够着/延伸；绵延/延续/足够买或支付
stretch out 躺下通常为休息或睡觉（）
118.stuff n.东西；物品
119.submission n. 屈服；投降；归顺；提交；呈递；提交文件，建议等
When is the final date for the submission of proposal?
120.substance n.