板式换热器设计.docx

本 科 毕 业 设 计 论 文题 目 板式换热器设计 西安交通大学城市学院本科毕业设计（论文）任务书题 目姓 名1.毕业设计（论文）课题的主要任务：（1）设计的主要任务换热器在节能、能量转换，能量回收，以及新能源利用领域里的重要性日益增加。换热器也是工业和科研中广泛应用的换热设备之一，其设计过程要利用到传热学和流体力学的知识。板式换热器是由一系列具有一定波纹形状的金属片叠装而成的一种新型高效换热器。板式换热器通常由薄板组装而成。种类繁多，如：密封式、焊接式、螺旋板式、板壳式等。该课题要求首先对各种换热器进行比较，然后选择一种结构合理、经济耐用的换热器，完成相关的设计、计算，最后画出装配图。通过与工程密切联系的课题研究，培养学生将实际知识利用于工程实践的能力。（2）设计的主要目的培养学生综合运用课程及有关选修课程基础理论和基本知识去完成板式换热器的设计任务的实践能力（3）设计目标设计的设备必须在技术上是可行的，经济上是合理的，环境上是友好的。（4）设计条件处理能力：52t/h热污水设备型式：板式换热器操作条件： 热污水：入口温度90，出口温度35 冷却介质：自来水，入口温度25，出口温度70 容许压强降：不大于1MPa 每年按330天计，每天24小时连续运行2.课题的具体工作内容（原始数据、技术要求、工作要求）：（1）查阅相关文献资料，了解换热器的设计基本方法；（2）对板式换热器的各种类型进行比较，然后选择一种结构合理、经济耐用的换热器，作为研究对象；（3）根据板式换热器的特点，完成相关的设计计算，流道的选择等，写出设计过程；A .计算总传热系数B .计算传热面积（4）换热器核算（5）完成板式换热器的设计全过程；（6）画出板式换热器的零件图；（7）画出板式换热器的总装配图；3.课题完成后提交的书面材料要求（论文字数，图纸规格、数量，实物样品，外文翻译字数等）：（1）撰写出1.5万字以上的论文；（2）零件图；（3）装配图一张；（4）不少于20，000印刷符号的英文翻译。4.主要参考文献：（1）王毅过程装备测试技术M北京：北京大学出版社，2010（2）马履中机械原理与设计北京：机械工业出版社，2009（3）余建祖编著换热器原理与设计北京航空航天大学出版社，2006（4）沙拉、赛库里克著程林译换热器设计技术北京，机械工业出版社，2010（5）兰州石油机械研究所板式换热器人字形波纹板片试验总结报告J，1972（6）钱颂文等换热器设计手册M北京：化学工业出版社，2002（7）杨崇麟板式换热器工程设计手册M北京：机械工业出版社，1995（8）Flavio C.C, Galeazzo, Rsquel Y.Miura, et al. Ex-perimental and numerical heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger. Chemical Engineering Science, 2006, (61):7133-7138（9）常春梅国内可拆卸板式换热器现状及发展趋势石油化工设备2008，9（37，5）（10）赵晓文，苏俊林板式换热器的研究现状及进展冶金能源2011，1（11）张晓锋浅谈板式换热器科技情报开发与经济2009，10（12）邹同华，杜建通板式换热器设计选型及使用中应注意的问题设计与安装（13）李永新，杨峰，陈文强板式换热器失效原因分析及维修方法工业生产2006，4要求完成日期： 年 月 日指导教师（签名）：接受任务日期： 年 月 日学生（签名）：系审批意见：负责人签字： 年 月 日 摘 要本设计是以板式换热器为设计对象，主要介绍了板式换热器传热原理。板式换热器是一种高效节能型换热设备,具有传热效率高 ,质量轻 ,占地面积小 ,易于维修等诸多优点。板式换热器的设计主要包括传热设计和框架结构设计。传热设计主要是根据介质和工况条件确定版式换热器的型号及板片的型号和介质的流动方式，而确定板片的型号关键是总传热系数K值的计算；框架结构设计是根据介质的性质、板片的尺寸和有关资料设计固定压紧板，活动压紧板，上、下导杆，夹紧螺柱等零部件的尺寸和材料，并根据有关标准规定校核各零部件的强度、稳定性。关键词：板式换热器，总传热系数K，压紧板ABSTRACTThis design is detachable plate heat exchanger for design object, mainly introduced the principle of heat, heat exchanger can disassemble phe is an efficient energy-saving heat exchange equipment, with heat transfer efficiency, light quality, cover an area of an area small, easy maintenance, and many other advantages. The heat exchanger design mainly includes the design and structure design of heat. Heat is designed according to the media and the conditions of heat exchanger model and determine the format and medium plate type, and determine the flow is the key of the plate type heat transfer coefficient of total K value calculation, Frame structure is designed according to the properties of medium, the size of the plate and the relevant material design pressure plate fixation, activities, and pressure plate under the guide bar clamping luozhu, etc, the size of the parts and materials, and according to the relevant standards of parts of checking intensity and stability.KEY WORDS：The total heat transfer coefficient of plate heat exchanger, pressureplate目录摘 要IABSTRACTII1 绪论11.1 板式换热器简介11.2 板式换热器的基本结构11.3 平板式换热器的特点21.4 板式换热器的应用场合31.5 板式换热器选型时应注意的问题41.5.1 板型选择41.5.2 流程和流道的选择41.5.3 压降校核51.6 结构原理52 板式换热器国内外研究（设计）概况及发展趋势72.1 应用前景72.2 研究状况72.3 发势展趋83 板式换热器的设计93.1 提高传热效率93.11 提高板片的表面传热系数93.12 减小污垢层热阻93.1.3 选用导热率高的板片93.1.4 减小板片厚度93.2 提高对数平均温差103.3 进出口管位置的确定103.4 降低换热器阻力的方法103.4.1 采用热混合板103.4.2 采用非对称型板式换热器103.4.3 采用多流程组合113.4.4 设换热器旁通管113.4.5 板式换热器形式的选择113.5 橡胶密封垫材质及安装方式113.5.1 材质的选择113.5.2 安装方式的选择113.5.3 合理选用板片材质124 传热工艺计算134.1 设计条件134.2 符号134.3 已知参数144.4 板片的选取144.4.1 总热负荷的计算144.4.2 板片的选取154.5 总传热系数K的计算164.5.1 裕量要求164.5.2 BR0.3的主要几何参数及相关关联式164.5.3 K值的计算175 板式换热器结构设计及强度校核235.1 符号235.2 已知参数245.3 结构设计及强度校核255.3.1 板片255.3.2 压紧板设计及强度校核255.3.3 夹紧螺柱设计及强度校核285.3.4 导杆设计及强度校核295.4 垫片315.5 支柱设计及强度校核325.6 开孔补强335.6.1 补强及补强方法判别33结 论35参考文献36DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEAT RECOVERY IN CHP SYSTEMS371 绪论1.1 板式换热器简介1.2 板式换热器的基本结构1.3 平板式换热器的特点板式换热器是将板片以叠加的形式装在固定压紧板、活动压紧板中间，然后用夹紧螺栓夹紧而成（见图1-1）。1.4 板式换热器的应用场合1.5 板式换热器选型时应注意的问题1.6 结构原理2 板式换热器国内外研究（设计）概况及发展趋势2.1 应用前景2.2 研究状况2.3 发势展趋3.1 提高传热效率3.2 提高对数平均温差3.3 进出口管位置的确定3.4 降低换热器阻力的方法3.5 橡胶密封垫材质及安装方式4 传热工艺计算4.1 设计条件4.2 符号4.3 已知参数4.4 板片的选取温度t()密度(kg/m3)比热容cp(kJ/(kgK)导热系数(W/(mK)动力粘度106(Pas)运动粘度106(m2/s)40506070992.2988.1983.2977.84.1744.1744.1784.1780.6340.6480.6590.668689.476582.685474.951354.8230.6560.5740.4690.382温度t()密度(kg/m3)比热容cp(kJ/(kgK)导热系数(W/(mK)动力粘度106(Pas)运动粘度106(m2/s)62.547.5981.8989.14.1784.1740.6620.644419.1616.80.4090.6184.5 总传热系数K的计算名称波纹形式单位实测参数人字形128板片厚度波纹深度波纹法向节距板间距当量直径单片有效传热面积单流道截面积板片材料板片外形尺寸mmmmmmmmmmm2m2mm1.2618610.70.30.001811503601.24.5.3 K值的计算3图4-1逆流平均温差物 料水-水水蒸汽(或热水)-油冷水-油油-油气-水K(W/(m2)290046508709304005801753502858可拆式板式换热器设计计算书工艺条件冷侧热侧介质名称冷清水热污水流量m3/h51.6752热负荷Kw3259温度 进出25709035流体类型液液液液密度Kg/m3989.1981.8比热KJ/kg.4.1744.178导热系数W/m.0. 6440.62动力粘度x10-6 Pa.S616.8419.1对数平均温差14.43计算换热面积m272.85计算传热系数W/m2.K4023板片材料密封胶垫材料橡胶板片数243压力降MPa0.080.08流程组合Counter flow1x1221x122框架设计压力MPa1试验压力MPa设计温度5 板式换热器结构设计及强度校核5.1 符号55.2 已知参数板片厚度：S0=1.2 垫片中心线的展开长度：l=3020 垫片有效密封宽度：B=8 被垫片槽中心线包容的板片投影面积：a2=399510设计压力：P=1 板间距：b=6板片总数：NP=244中间隔板数量：n1=0中间隔板厚度：S2=0垫片系数：=1垫片比压力：y=1.45.3 结构设计及强度校核表5-1压紧板厚度单板公称换热面积(m2)在设计压力下的压紧板厚度()设计压力()0.61.01.62.02.50.10.30.50.70.81.02.025354550556080254050556065803050556065708030505560355560材料在下列温度下（）的弹性模量，103 -2020100150200250碳素钢（c0.3）碳素钢（c0.3）、碳锰钢高铬钢（Cr13Cr17）1942082031922062011912031981892001951861961911831901875.4 垫片5.5 支柱设计及强度校核6图5-5支座表5-3 部分常用材料的a、b值材料a（MPa）b（MPa）适用范围Q235钢16Mn钢铸铁2353433920.006680.01420.0361=0123=0102=0745.6 开孔补强 接管公称外径253238454857657689最小厚度3.54.05.06.0参考文献王毅.过程装备测试技术M.北京：北京大学出版社，2010马履中.5 兰州石油机械研究所.板式换热器人字形波纹板片试验总结报告J.19726 GB16409-1996.板式换热器S7 钱颂文等.换热器设计手册M.北京：化学工业出版社，20028 Flavio C.C, Galeazzo, Rsquel Y. et al. Ex-perimental and numerical heat transfer in a plate heat exchanger .Chemical Engineering Science, 2006(61) :7133-71389 常春梅.国内可拆卸板式换热器现状及发展趋势.石油化工设备. 2008，9（37，5）10 赵晓文，苏俊林.板式换热器的研究现状及进展.冶金能源.2011，111 张晓锋.浅谈板式换热器.科技情报开发与经济.2009，1012 邹同华，杜建通.板式换热器设计选型及使用中应注意的问题.设计与安装13 李永新，杨峰，陈文强.板式换热器失效原因分析及维修方法.工业生产，2006，4DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEAT RECOVERY IN CHP SYSTEMSABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to review issues related to the design of heat recovery unit in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. To meet specific needs of CHP systems, configurations can be altered to affect different factors of the design. Before the design process can begin, product specifications, such as steam or water pressures and temperatures, and equipment, such as absorption chillers and heat exchangers, need to be identified and defined. The Energy Engineering Laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and the Louisiana Industrial Assessment Center has been donated an 800kW diesel turbine and a 100 ton absorption chiller from industries. This equipment needs to be integrated with a heat exchanger to work as a Combined Heat and Power system for the University which will supplement the chilled water supply and electricity. The design constraints of the heat recovery unit are the specifications of the turbine and the chiller which cannot be altered.INTRODUCTION Combined Heat and Power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is a way to generate power and heat simultaneously and use the heat generated in the process for various purposes. While the cogenerated power in mechanical or electrical energy can be either totally consumed in an industrial plant or exported to a utility grid, the recovered heat obtained from the thermal energy in exhaust streams of power generating equipment is used to operate equipment such as absorption chillers, desiccant dehumidifiers, or heat recovery equipment for producing steam or hot water or for space and/or process cooling, heating, or controlling humidity. Based on the equipment used, CHP is also known by other acronyms such as CHPB (Cooling Heating and Power for Buildings), CCHP (Combined Cooling Heating and Power), BCHP (Building Cooling Heating and Power) and IES (Integrated Energy Systems). CHP systems are much more efficient than producing electric and thermal power separately. According to the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, 1995 14, there were 4.6 million commercial buildings in the United States. These buildings consumed 5.3 quads of energy, about half of which was in the form of electricity. Analysis of survey data shows that CHP meets only 3.8% of the total energy needs of the commercial sector. Despite the growing energy needs, the average efficiency of power generation has remained 33% since 1960 and the average overall efficiency of generating heat and electricity using conventional methods is around 47%. And with the increase in prices in both electricity and natural gas, the need for setting up more CHP plants remains a pressing issue. CHP is known to reduce fuel costs by about 27% 15 CO released into the atmosphere. The objective of this research is to review issues related to the design of heat recovery unit in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. To meet specific needs of CHP systems, configurations can be altered to affect different factors of the design. Before the design process can begin, product specifications, such as steam or water pressures and temperatures, and equipment, such as absorption chillers and heat exchangers, need to be identified and defined.The Mechanical Engineering Department and the Industrial Assessment Center at the University of Louisiana Lafayette has been donated an 800kW diesel turbine and a 100 ton absorption chiller from industries. This equipment needs to be integrated to work as a Combined Heat and Power system for the University which will supplement the chilled water supply and electricity. The design constraints of the heat recovery unit are the specifications of the turbine and the chiller which cannot be altered.Integrating equipment to form a CHP system generally does not always present the best solution. In our case study, the absorption chiller is not able to utilize all of the waste heat from the turbine exhaust. This is because the capacity of the chiller is too small as conditioning in the buildings considered remains an issue which can be resolved through the use of this CHP system. BACKGROUND LITERATURE The decision of setting up a CHP system involves a huge investment. Before plunging into one, any industry, commercial building or facility owner weighs it against the option of conventional generation. A dynamic stochastic model has been developed that compares the decision of an irreversible investment in a cogeneration system with that of investing in a conventional heat generation system such as steam boiler combined with the option of purchasing all the electricity from the grid 21. This model is applied theoretically based on exempts. Keeping in mind factors such as rising emissions, and the availability and security of electricity supply, the benefits of a combined heat and power system are many.CHP systems demand that the performance of the system be well tested. The effects of various parameters such as the ambient temperature, inlet turbine temperature, compressor pressure ratio and gas turbine combustion efficiency are investigated on the performance of the CHP system and determines of each of these parameters 1. Five major areas where CHP systems can be optimized in order to maximize profits have been identified as optimization of heat to power ratio, equipment selection, economic dispatch, intelligent performance monitoring and maintenance optimization 6.Many commercial buildings such as universities and hospitals have installed CHP systems for meeting their growing energy needs. Before the University of Dundee installed a 3 MW CHP system, first the objectives for setting up a cogeneration system in the university were laid and then accordingly the equipment was selected. Considerations for compatibility of the new CHP setup with the existing district heating plant were taken care by some alterations in pipe work so that neither system could impose any operational constraints on the other 5. Louisiana State University installed a CHP system by contracting it to Sempra Energy Services to meet the increase in chilled water and steam demands. The new cogeneration system was linked with the existing central power plant to supplement chilled water and steam supply. This project saves the university $ 4.7 million each year in energy costs alone and 2,200 emissions are equivalent to 530 annual vehicular emissions.Another example of a commercial CHP set-up is the Mississippi Baptist Medical Center. First the energy requirement of the hospital was assessed and the potential savings that a CHP system would generate 10. CHP applications are not limited to the industrial and commercial sector alone. CHP systems on a micro-scale have been studied for use in residential applications. The cost of UK residential energy demand is calculated and a study is performed that compares the operating cost for the following three micro CHP technologies: Sterling engine, gas engine, and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for use in homes 9. The search for different types of fuel cells in residential homes finds that a dominant cost effective design of fuel cell use in micro - P exists that is quickly emerging 3. However fuel cells face competition from alternate energy products that are already in the market. Use of alternate energy such as biomass combined with natural gas has been tested for CHP applications where biomass is used as an external combustor by providing heat to partially reform the natural g