英语句子基本成分.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句 子 成 分,Members of a Sentence,*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种：,_,和,_,主语（,subject,）、,谓语（,predicate,）、,表语（,predicative,）、,宾语（,object,）、,定语（,attribute,）、,状语,(adverbial),补语（,complement,）。,主语（subject）:句子阐明的人或事物/谓语动词动作的执行者，发出者。,The sun rises in the east.（名词）,He likes dancing.（代词）,Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词),Seeing is believing.（动名词）,To see is to believe.（不定式）,What he needs is a book.（主语从句）,It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall,like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语（predicate）:阐明主语的动作、状态和特性。,We study English.He is asleep.,宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾,I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）,How many do you need?We need two.（数词）,We should help the old and the poor.（形容词）,I enjoy working with you.（动名词）,I hope to see you again.（不定式）,Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾,Are you afraid of the snake?,Under the snow,there are many rocks.,3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）,He gave me a book yesterday.,Give the poor man some money.,表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表达主语的性质、状态和特性。,He is a teacher.（名词）,Five and five is ten.（数词）,He is asleep.（形容词）,His father is in.（副词）,The picture is on the wall.(介词短语),My watch is gone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词）,To wear a flower is to say“Im poor,I cant buy a ring.（不定式）,The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为的表达某事物的限定词，观点，形状，年龄，颜色，国籍，材料，用途,单个定语一般位于被修饰的名词前。,位于复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；,不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；,副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。,Two,boys need,two,pens.,His,name is Tom.,The,boy,in blue,is Tom.,The,boy,there,needs,a,pen.,The boy needs a,ball,pen.,There is nothing,to do,today.,The pen,bought by her,is made in China.,The boy,you will know,is Tom.,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，阐明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等,1.表达某个动作发生的时间，地点，方式，原因,2.表达某个动作发生时，主语所处的状态。,3.修饰某动词，形容词，副词的程度,-The boy needs a pen,now,.,-The boy needs a pen,very much,.,可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等,。,In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.,在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）,Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.,在母亲面前,汤姆总是一种男孩子.(条件状语),On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.,星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语),介词短语作状语：,He sits there,asking for a pen.,他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表达伴随状态）,Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.,由于不得不完毕作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）,Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.,（由于）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）,分词（短语）作状语：,The boy needs a pen to do his homework.,男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）,To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.,为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有爱好.,不定式作状语：,状语从句：,时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、,成果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、,让步状语从句、条件状语从句,-We chatted,as we walked along,.,-,Even if she laughs at him,he adores her.,同位语：,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一种句子成分用来阐明和解释另一种句子成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。,We students should study hard.,(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）,We all are students.,(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）,独立成分：,与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分,感慨词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。,肯定词:yes,否认词:no,称呼语：称呼人的用语。,插入语：某些句中插入的 I think,I believe,等。,如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束.,一,),挑出下列句中的宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework.,People all over the world speak English.,How many new words did you learn last class?,Some of the students in the school want,to go swimming,how about you?,The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(,二,),挑出下列句中的表语,-The old man was feeling very tired.,-The leaves have turned yellow.,-Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(,三,),挑出下列句中的定语,1.What is your given name?,2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.,3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,4.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(,四,),挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,She found it difficult to do the work.,They call me Lily sometimes.,I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,(,五,),挑出下列句中的状语,There was a big smile on her face.,Every night he heard the noise upstairs.,He began to learn English when he was eleven.,The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.,With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.,She loves the library because she loves books.,I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school.,But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.,3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.,4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.,You,will tell,（,your,）,friend,that youve got to school.,2.But,as the moon gave far too much light,I,didnt,dare open,a window.,3.,Another time five months ago,I,happened to be,Upstairs,at dusk,(,when the window was open,).,4.,The,(dark,rainy),evening,the wind,the thundering,Clouds,held,me,entirely,in their power,.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,时间状语,主语,谓语,宾语,程度状语,地点状语,