unit10Howabout教学设计英语教案.doc

unit10Howabout教学设计英语教案
Unit 10
Ⅰ Aims and Requirements
Language Focus
1. focal words and expressions
device, keep up with, demands on, purchase, replace, crowd…with, add to, eat up, leisure, overload ,downfall, show u, force…into, appliance, by hand, tempt, be prone to, break down, in place of, come to, in danger of, consume, end up
2. focal functions and patterns
① How about…?
② Do you wonder whether…?
③ …feel more hurried than even…
④ Part of the reason is …
⑤ …are eating up… by doing…
⑥ …things that go wrong
⑦ …wait for…to do…
⑧ …force…into (doing) sth
⑨ That’s because…
⑩ …last longer than they used to
⑪ …to fix errors…is a slow and maddening process
Skill development
1. reading and translating
l Be able to read, comprehend and translate into Chinese the passage about Overload: More Time is Less Time;
l Be able to use the focal words and patterns listed above to make sentences or translate into English the sentences including them;
l Practice the reading skill of understanding graphs and charts;
l Practice the translating skill of negation.
2. Listening and speaking
l Be able to talk a little about the reasons why those modern appliances keep people busier than ever;
l Be able to comprehend the short listening passage and practice the skill of taking spot dictation;
l Be able to talk a little about making a complaint.
3. writing
Be able to write out a simple trouble-shooting guide.
Ⅱ Language points
1. notes to the passage
⑴You’ve got a video tape recorder and a device that answers the phone for you.
That answers the phone for you is a restrictive clause introduced by that and modifying a device.
⑵ And there’s a gadget that turns off the lights when you are out.
That turns off the lights is a restrictive attributive clause modifying a gadget.
When you are out is an adverbial clause.
⑶ How about the electric knife, the coffee maker, the ice maker?
How about here means what do you think of…
How about, what about, are used to ask for information, to make a suggestion, or to get sb’s option.
E.g. How about having a game of bridge?
What about her qualifications for the position?
⑷ Feel good about having all that stuff?
This elliptical sentence means do you feel any good when you have all these things?
⑸ Or do you wonder whether the gadgets are running you instead of you them?
Whether the gadgets are running you instead of you them is the object clause of wonder.
Instead of you them here means instead of you running them.
Instead of: prep. Meaning in place of.
E.g. It’s me that should ask you instead of you asking me.
Students should have independent-study skills instead of relying on their teachers for everything.
⑹ Americans apparently feel more hurried than ever these days.
Apparently here means obviously.
Than ever here means than they have been so far.
⑺ Part of the reason is trying to keep up with the demands on their time to purchase, store, service, repair, replace, and protect all those “time saving” machines.
To purchase, store, service, repair, replace, and protect is an infinitive phrase used as the postmodifier of the noun time.
Keep up with the demands on their time to purchase… here means to meet the need to spend their time to purchase…
⑻ Add to them the problems of the extra car and the bigger house.
Note that the sentence is in the inverted order. The normal order should be the problems of the extra car and the bigger house add to them.
Them here refers to demands in the previous sentence.
⑼ And there’s the RV parked on the side lawn.
Parked on the side lawn is a past participial phrase used as the postmodifier of the RV.
Here RV is short for recreational vehicle“, equal to “camper van”
In British English.
It refers to a vehicle which is big enough to live in on holiday, having cooking equipment and beds in the back part, used for recreational activities. It is designed for travelers.
⑽ So says one expert in marketing.
Note that it is again in the inverted order. Here one expert in marketing is the subject, and so is used as an adverbial of days.
11) The downfall of lots of homes is trying to keep up with all the things that go wrong.
That go wrong is a restrictive attributive clause introduced by that and modifying things.
The downfall here means the trouble…
12) Next we must wait for them to show up.
To show up is used as an object complement.
Note the structure: wait for sb to do sth
e.g. “why are you standing there?” “I’m waiting for them to arrive.”
They waited patiently for him to make a decision.
13) There’s high hourly rates.
This is a colloquial usage where there’s takes a plural subject. The formal structure should be There are high hourly rates.
Note that hourly is an adjective, not an adverb.
14) These may force many people into poor do-it-youself jobs.
Here the structure force sb into (doing) sth means drive or make (unwilling people) do sth.
E.g. His tactless words forced the old lady into buying something she could not possibly afford.
Fear of you forced these boys into silence.
Similar structure could be found in talk, persuade, frighten, trick, shock, etc. into doing sth.
15) Looking for the right electric knife or other new gadget and getting it ready for use often can take more time than doing the job by hand.
The basic structure of the sentence is Looking for… and getting it… can take more…than…
Than introduces an adverbial clause of comparison. Note that here doing the job by hand is the subject of the elliptical clause doing the job by hand takes some time.
16) Studies show we spend even more time on laundry than our grandparents did.
Why spend…did is an object clause of show, in which there is an adverbial clause of comparison introduced by than, where did stands for spent the time.
17) One expert says that tires and batteries last longer than they used to.
In the adverbial clause of comparison than they used to, the main verb last is omitted.
18) So to fix errors in bills and other problems with a product or service often is a slow and maddening process.
To fix… often is an infinitive phrase used as the subject of this sentence, in which the noun problems takes the preposition with to introduce its modifier.
Here a slow and maddening process means a process which is slow and causes people so much trouble that they become crazy.
19) And as people crowd their lives with things that eat up too much of their time, they come to feel that time is short.
Note that it is a complex sentence. The main clause is they come to feel, which takes an object clause that time is short, and an adverbial clause of reason introduced by as, in which a attributive clause that eat uop too much of their time is included to modify things.
Here crowd their lives with… means fill their lives with…
20) In the end, then, the possessions we consume end up consuming us.
We consume is a attributive clause modifying the possessions.
The possessions here means things we have and the first consume means use and enjoy, while the second consuming means exhausting.
2. word usage
1) Device: n. something that is thought out, invented, or adopted, for a special purpose 器械，装置
E.g. They made a device to make the door shut by itself.
He has fitted a device to his car which opens the garage door automatically.
Syn.: instrument n. an object used in performing an action, esp. for scientific work.器具，器械
E.g. The doctors are studying their medical instruments anxiously.
2) keep up with: go forward at an equal pace with 跟上
E.g. We must work harder to keep up with the latest developments.
He hired a tutor because he had difficulty keeping up with the rest of the class.
3) purchase: v. (fml.) to buy 购买
E.g. Have you purchased a new car?
They have purchased 40 percent of the shares of the company.
4) replace: v. supply as a substitute for, often better, newer, etc.替换，更换
E.g. People have replaced coal with/by oil.
You’ll have to replace the broken lock with a new one.
5) add to: to increase 增加
E.g. The music added to our enjoyment.
His remarks add to the proof that Rocky is innocent.
6) eat up: eat all of sth. ,use up completely 吃光，耗尽
E.g. He ate up many valuable minutes with endless, tedious talks.
A big car eats up money.
7) leisure: n. spare time; time free from work or duties of any kind 空闲，闲暇
E.g. All of us say fishing is a popular leisure activity.
We have no leisure for sport.
Leisurely: ad. Without haste or hurry 悠闲地，不匆忙地
E.g. I hope you can work leisurely.
Leisurely: a. unhurried; acting, or done without hurrying 从容不迫的，悠闲的
E.g. Yesterday evening I had a leisurely glass of beer with Jack at the bar.
8) overload: v. to load too heavily 使超载
E.g. Students are now overloaded with facts.
The telephones there are overloaded.
Syn.: overburden v. burden too heavily 使负担过重，使装载过多
She has seen some trees overburdened with fruit.
9) show up：appear, arrive somewhere as expected or arranged 出现
E.g. I arranged to meet him at the station at 12, but he didn’t show up.
Two of those I invited didn’t show up.
10) appliance: n. a tool or machine designed for a particular use, esp.
one that utilizes an electric current 用具，器械，器具
E.g. Will you please pass me an appliance for opening tin cans?
Refrigerators, washing-machines, vacuum cleaners and microwave ovens are all household appliances.
Syn: apparatus n. a set of equipment or other mechanical materials put together for a particular purpose 一套设备，一套仪器，装置
E.g. They have bought a heating apparatus recently.
11) by hand: contrasted with by machinery 靠手工
E.g. Is your sweater knitted by hand or is it machine-made?
This article is written by hand, not typed or printed.
12) tempt: v. attract sb to have or do sth. 诱使某人具有某事物或做某事；吸引
E.g. Janet’s mother tempted her to have a little more soup.
Nothing can tempt me to do such a thing.
13) prone: a. be likely to suffer (usu. Sth. Undesirable) 有倾向性
的，易于
E.g. The little boy os prone to make mistakes.
I feel rather prone to agree with you.
14) break down: become disabled or useless, stop working, fail 出毛病，坏掉
E.g. The van broke down on the way to Nanjing.
Since the engine broke down, the car couldn’t start.
15) in (the) place of : instead of 代替
E.g. She went to the meeting in place of the secretary.
Nowadays people use plastics in place of wood or metal.
16) come to: gradually start (doing) over a period of time 逐渐开始
E.g. Daily she was coming to know him better.
The new theory has come to be widely put into practice.
17) in danger of: in the possibility of suffering, injury or loss 在危险之中
E.g. That young man was in danger of losing his life.
The doctors are trying their best to save the little boy in danger.
Ant: out of danger not likely to be in danger 脱离危险
E.g. The operation was successful so he was out of danger.
18) Consume: v. use up; get to the end of 耗尽
E.g. The heavy work almost consumed all his energies.
These modern machines consume far less electricity.
Consumer: n. somebody who buys and uses goods 顾客，消费者
19) end up: finish 结束，告终
E.g. If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.
We all know that wasteful people usually end up in debt.
20) deal with: treat; have relations with 对付；与谁往来
E.g. What do you think is the best way of dealing with young criminals?
I believe that he is easy to deal with.
21) do-it-yourself: the action or practice of doing work of any kind by oneself, esp.
One’s own household repairs and maintenance,usu. As opposed to employing someone else to do it 自己动手
E.g. A country planning a nuclear power program has a choice of two routes:
Do-it-yourself and the ready-made.
Do-it-yourself is abbreviated as DIY. Hence o-it-himself, do-it-yourselfing, do-it-yourselfer, do-it-yourselfism, and various other nonce derivatives.
The builder is showing to us his do-it-himself boxes.
For families or parties of young people especially, who don’t mind a little do-it-yourselfing, this sort of holiday is usually memorable.
She is a great do-it-yourselfer.
There are other reasons, too, for the tidal wave of do-it-yourselfism.
22) go wrong: stop working properly 出毛病
E.g. All our plans went wrong.
Something has gone wrong with the backup system.
23) join in : take part in (an activity) as a member of a group 参加，
加入进来
E.g. At first he didn’t want to play football, but at last he joined in.
Will you join in our conversation?
24) turn off: to stop the flow of (water, gas, current, etc.) by turning a tap or switch 关闭，切断（自来水，煤气，电流等）
E.g. Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.
She turned the gas off after cooking.
Syn.: switch off : turn off ( electric lights or apparatus) off by means of a switch 关掉（电灯或电器）
e.g. Don’t switch the television off, please.
Ant.: turn on : start the flow of ( water, gas, current,etc.) by turning a tap or switch 打开（自来水，煤气，电流等的）开关
E.g. She turned the water on and washed her hands.
Key to exercises
IV. Key to exercises
3. 1) pressure 2) overload 3) possession 4) consumed 5) taxed 6)leisure 7) wondering 8) gadget 9) purchased 10) protected 11) appliance 12) standard
4. 1) 这孩子最喜欢的东西是一只小木狗。
2） 他绝不会被引入歧途。
3） 这座大类被大火烧光了。
4） 在微弱的光线下读书眼睛一定很累。
5） 他的身体彻底垮了。
6） 我想知道在何处度周末。
7） 企业号召购买其股票。
5. 1）材料 2）明显地 3）替换 4）空闲时间 5）衰败（的原因）
6）消费 7）使负重担 8）overload 9) battery 10) purchase 11) standard 12) complexity 13) force 14) dust 15) option
6. 1) How about another piece of cake?
2) Do you wonder whether he has read Bill’s new poem?
3) Part of the reason is my sissing the bus.
4) A mother has many demands on her time.
5) That’s because you are talking too much.
6) One is more prone to make mistakes when one is tired.
7) That heavy work will tax your strength.
8) If you drive your car like that, you’ll end up in hospital.
7. 1. 另外还有公共汽车，轿车和其他工具的情况又会怎样？
A) How about the teachers, the students and other staff members of the school?
B) How about the administration, the representatives of the employees and other people who will participate in the meeting?
2. 你是否想过将来计算机会控制你，而不是你在控制计算机？
A) Do you wonder whether the computerized animals will take control of the world instead of human beings them?
B) Do you wonder whether you will be a boss instead of an average employee serving the boss?
3. 现代医学提高了美国人的生活标准。
A) The policy of reform and opening-up to the outside world has raised the living standard of living of the Chinese people.
B) The use of the new materials has raised the standards of architecture.
4. 我们杀害的动物最终会把我们自己杀死。
A) In the end, then, the resources we waste end up ruining us.
B) In the end, then, the goal we struggle for ends up struggling against us.
5. 一位健康学专家说敕蔬菜和水果比吃肉和脂肪类食品对身体更有好处。
A） One expert says that computers are millions and millions of times more powerful than they used to be.
B） One expert says that traveling by plane is much safer than by bus.
6. 有些人过多承担了很多各种额外的工作，浪费了自己的空闲时间。
A) Some students are eating up their valuable time by surfing too long on the Internet.
B) We are eating up o