现在完成时与一般过去时区别教案.docx

一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 教学设计
导入语：大家好，今天我们来学习现在完成时及一般过去时的区别。上节课我们学习了现在完成时的结构及基本用法。那么，对于现在完成时及一般过去时的区别，大家还很迷惑，今天我们就从三个方面来区分。
一、首先我们从概念上来区分
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是过去发生的动作； 而现在完成时则强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。
我们来看例句：
例如： I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作) 我在2005年认识（结识）他。
We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) 自从2005年来我们就相互认识。
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
I have been up for five hours. (强调结果）
Why did you get up so early？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
二、第二方面我们可以通过时间状语来区分
一般过去时常及具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常及模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
我们来比较下面的句子：
1. I called you just now.
I have just called you.
2. I saw this film yesterday.
I have seen this film.
从上面的例句，我们可以看出：
1. 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
2. 现在完成时的时间状语：for， since， so far， ever， never， just， yet， till/until，up to now, in past… years，always等，皆为不确定或模糊的时间状语。
三、第三方面我们可以看句子里所使用的动词
现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live， teach， learn， work， study， know。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish， become，marry等。
我们来看例句：
Linda has a big house. (现在情况)
She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作，bought 为buy的过去分词，为非延续性动词)
She has owned the house for ten years.
She has lived in the house for ten years. (own和live 为延续性动词)
注意： 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday， last， week， in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
下面我们来做一些练习：
( )1. How long have you ____ this book?
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
( ) 2. —I have watched the game.
—When ____ you ____ it?
A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch
( )3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
( )4. His grandma ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead
( )5. –Where is Han Mei now?
－She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
( )6. －_____ you ____to the United Stated ?
－ No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
( )7. How long have you _____ the football team of
the school?
A. played B. been at C. joined D. been on
( )8. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A. have, see B. have, have seen C. have, seen D. have, saw
结束语:
现在，我相信大家经过认真的听讲和练习，一定可以区分清楚现在完成时及一般现在时。If winter has already come, can spring be far behind? 如果冬天来了， 春天还会远吗？
谢谢!
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