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必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists
重点单词
1．characteristic n．特征；特性
2．conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败
4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposion n．暴露
6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗
7．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenger n．挑战者
8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
9．suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的
10．foresee vt.预见；预告→foretell v．预言→forecast v．预报
11．blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备
12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
13．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵
14．link vt. & n．连接；联系
15．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告
16．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．教授；传授→instructions n．指示，说明
17．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
18．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献
19．spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
20．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
重点短语
1．put forward 提出
2．draw a conclusion 得出结论
3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from 除……之外；此外
6．make sense 讲得通；有意义
7．look into 调查；研究
8．at times 有时
9．be against 反对
10．(be) strict with 对……严格的
11．be to blame 应受责备
12．with certainty 肯定地
重点句型
1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。
2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
3．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it....
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转……
考 点 探 究
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1． conclude vt. 结束；断定，推断出 (conclusion n． 结论，推论）
to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话)
in conclusion 最后，总之
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束
come to the conclusion that.... 所得结论是......
▲ arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
[即学即练1]
(1) The meeting ____________ at nine o’clock. 会议9点钟结束了。
(2) The police ____________ that he must be the murderer. 警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。
(3) ____________, wish all of you good health and a long life. 最后祝大家健康长寿。
2．attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理
attendance n. 出席，到场，参加
attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学
attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to sb/sth 注意，专心于；照料，照顾
[即学即练2]
(1)He didn’t __________________ yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。
(2)__________your studies. 专心你的学习。
3. expose vt. 暴露，揭露；使曝光（与to连用）
exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发
expose+n. 揭露，揭发
expose sth./sb./oneself (to...) 显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给……)
be exposed to 暴露于……
[即学即练3]
(1)My job as a journalist is to _______________.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。
(2)Don‘t ______ babies ______ strong sunlight. 不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。
4．cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗
a cure for... 针对……的治疗
cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人（的……）
[即学即练4]
(1)The doctor can't ______ her ______ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。
(2)This is ___________________ SARS.这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。
5．absorb vt. 吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣
absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/热
absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
[即学即练5]
(1)Black cloth __________ light.黑色布料吸收光线。
(2)Did you ______ everything the professor said?教授说的你全部理解了吗？
(3)He ________________ deep thought.他陷入沉思。
6．suspect vt.怀疑；不信任 n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象
suspect sth. 怀疑某事
suspect that ..... 怀疑……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做过某事
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
[即学即练6]
(1) I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。
(2)They ______ him ______ murder.他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。
(3)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
(4)The police arrested the _________ yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。
7． blame n．&vt.责备；责任
（1） vt. 责备；谴责
blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)
accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
（2） n. 过失；责备
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
[即学即练7]
(1)He _________ me ______ my carelessness.他责备我的疏忽大意。
(2)Mr Li is not __________________ the accident.这次事故不能怨李先生。
8．contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)
contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿
contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人
contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事
contribute sth. to/towards 给……捐献/捐赠
contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿
make a contribution to... 为……作贡献
[即学即练8]
(1)We should __________ food and clothing ______ the relief of the poor.我们应该捐赠食品和衣物救济贫民。
(2)Drink _______________ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。
(3)The Song Dynasty __________ three great inventions ______ world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。
(4)He ___________ an article ______ China Daily.他为《中国日报》撰写了一篇文章。
9．reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制 n．被拒绝或抛弃的人或物
提示：reject与refuse的区别
refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。
reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。
She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。
[即学即练9]
(1)My cousin tried to join the army but ____________.我堂兄试图参军，但没有被接受。
(2)After the transplant his body __________ the new heart.在移植手术后，他的身体对移植的心脏产生排斥反应。
(3)I __________ the rotten oranges.我把腐烂的橘子扔掉了。
10．put forward 提出(意见，建议，观点等）；将……提前; 把（时钟）往前拨
put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存
put down 写下；镇压；放下
put forth 提出；颁布
put off 延期，推迟
put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重) 增加；上演
put out 扑灭，熄灭
put up 举起；建造；张贴
put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍
[即学即练10]
(1) She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。
(2) We have ______ the wedding ___________ one week.我们已将婚礼提前了一周。
(3) ______ your watch __________； you’re five minutes slow.把你的表往前拨一下，你慢了5分钟。
11．make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义
make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含义
make no sense 讲不通；无意义
in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上
in no sense 决不是；决非
There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没必要/道理
a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感
common sense 常识
[即学即练12]
(1) What he says ____________.他说的有道理。
(2) Can you ______________ this poem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗？
(3) What you say is true ___________.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。
(4) That just ____________________ me.那对我毫无意义。
(5)_____________ does this excuse their actions.这决不能成为他们行为的托辞。
(6)_____________________in getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
你知道在科学研究中怎样证明一个新的观点吗?
句中how to prove a new idea为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
The question is when to leave.
We haven’t decided where to go.
2. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的.
句中suggest表示“暗示；表明”，故其从句中谓语动词用陈述语气；若表示“建议；提议”时，则用
suggest(doing)/that …(should) do sth.。如：
He suggested me not smoking any more.
=He suggested me that I (should) not smoke any more. 他建议我以后不要再抽烟了。
3. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
因此每次暴发(霍乱)时，就有大批惊恐的人死去。
这是由名词词组 every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当……”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：
(1) 不定代词＋time 如：any time, each time...
(2) 序数词＋time 如：the first/last time...
(3) the＋瞬时名词 如：the minute/moment/instant
(4) the＋时间名词 如：the day/night/month/time...
① He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。
② The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。
③ I’ll give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。
④ He bought a computer the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。
[即境活用1]
The boys ran off______ they saw the owner of the orchard (果园)．
A．at times B．the hour
C．the moment D．at once
4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。
① Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made. 只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。
② Only in this way can you make progress. 只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。
③ Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。
易 错 点 拨
自我完善·误区备考
1. defeat/beat/win
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。
(1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。
(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不与物动词来用。
[应用1] 用defeat, beat, win填空
(1) He ____________ all his opponents in the election.
(2) Peasants ______ the drought and reaped a good harvest.
(3) After a heart to heart talk, I ______ his belief at last.
(4) The enemy’s plot was _________ very soon.
(5) We wouldn’t have ______without your help.
(6) Mary ______ first prize for swimming.
2. cure/treat/heal
(1) treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人……病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat...as把……看作/视为。
(2) cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。
(3) heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。
[应用2]
(1) He _________ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。
(2) The doctors are trying to ______ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。
(3) His wound is _________ over.他的伤口正在愈合。
(4) The medicine will ______ you of your cough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。
(5) When I left hospital I was completely ______.出院时我已完全康复了。
3. announce/declare
(1) announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。
(2) declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。
[应用3]
(1) This powerful country _________ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。
(2) It was ___________ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。
4. apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besides
apart from 除……之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides)
in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides)
in addition to 除……以外还(相当于介词 besides)
as well as 还；既……又……；也(相当于介词 besides)
except (＝but) 除……之外(不包括在内)
except for 除……之外(强调有美中不足)
except that (what/when/where) 除了……
besides 除……之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外
[应用4] 用上述词或词组填空
(1) I have read a lot of novels _____________________________________some short stories.
(2) Your composition is very good _____________________ some spelling mistakes.
(3) ___________________， we have a research－oriented program.
(4) They all went to sleep ____________________ the little boy.
语 法 精 讲
一、过去分词作定语
⑴ 语法功能
过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。
The stolen bike belongs to Jack. (The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack. )
The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.
(The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection. )
① 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面 。
the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心
a lost dog丧家之犬 a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
There is noting changed here since I left this town.
② 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholera
the book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jack
the machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last year
③ 不与物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。
a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光 fallen leaves 落叶
⑵ 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；
过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。
The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.
Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？
对比：
the changing world（正在变化的） the changed world（变化了的）
boiling water（正在沸腾的） boiled water（已经沸腾过的）
fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）
a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）
a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人
falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶
a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯
二、过去分词做表语
过去分词（短语）作表语并无完成或被动之意，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态或思想感情等。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
He looked worried after reading the letter.
☻常见作表语的过去分词有：
disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied,
tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost等。
注意 ：过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点与所处的状态，而后者强调被动的动作。
My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态）
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。（动作）
On the earth, 70% of the surface is covered with water.
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
要 点 梳 理
重点单词
1．unite vt. & vi.联合；团结→united adj.联合的；团结的→union n．联合；联盟
2．consist vi.组成；在于；一致→consistent adj.一致的
3．clarify vt.澄清；阐明
4．accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现 ( finish, complete)
5．credit n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
to one’s credit 值得赞扬；为....带来荣誉；在.....名下
6．rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的
7．convenience n．便利；方便→convenient adj.方便的
8．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引力→attractive adj.有吸引力的
9．collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect vt.收集
10．description n．描写；描述→describe vt.描述
11．furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish vt.用家具布置→furniture n．家具
12．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的
13．plus prep.加上；和 adj.加的；正的；零上的
14．quarrel n．争吵；争论；吵架 vi.争吵；吵架
15．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．安排
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排（某人）做某事
16． fold vt.折叠；对折→unfold vt.(反义词)
17．delight n．快乐；高兴vt.使高兴；使快乐→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
18．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilling adj.令人激动的→thrilled adj.感到兴奋、激动的
be thrilled at sth.对……感到兴奋
重点短语
1．consist of 由……组成
2．divide...into 把……分成
3．break away (from) 摆脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
5．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take the place of....= take one’s place 代替; 取代某人的职务
7．break down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．make a list of 把……列出清单
9．on special occasions 在特殊场合
10. feel/be proud of 对……感到骄傲
11. refer to 提到，谈与；查阅，参考；涉与，指的是
重点句型
1．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。
2．Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world－famous football teams and some of them even have two！虽然，全国性的，这些城市不如中国的城市大，但是它们拥有世界著名的足球队，有的甚至还拥有两支足球队！
3．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
考 点 探 究
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1． consist vi. 组成，一致
consistent adj. 协调的，一致的
consist of 由……组成，包括(无进行时态和被动语态)
(=be made up of 或be composed of 由……组成)
consist in 在于，存在于
be consistent with... 和……一致；相符
[即学即练1]
(1) This club ____________ more than 200 members.这个俱乐部由200多个会员组成。
(2) The beauty of the plan ____________ its simplicity.这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要。
(3) What you say ______ not ______________ what you do.你言行不一。
2. convenience n. 便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
convenient adj. 方便的，便利的
for convenience 为了方便起见
for the convenience of sb. = for sb’s convenience 为了方便某人
at one’s convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点
be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的
[即学即练2]
(1) I keep my reference books near my desk __________________.我把参考书放在书桌旁以便用着方便。
(2) Come to my office __________________.你方便时来我办公室一趟。
(3) When would it __________________ you to start work? 你什么时候始方便开始工作呢？
提示
convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式，用做表语时，主语不能是人，常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。
3．delight vt. 使……高兴/欣喜 n.[U]高兴，快乐，喜悦；[C]令人愉快的事
to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是
be delighted at sth. 因/对……感到高兴
It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事
[即学即练3]
(1) ____________________, everything goes well.使我们高兴的是，一切进展顺利。
(2) I'm ____________ meet you here.在这儿碰到你我真高兴。
4. divide...into... 把……分成……
be divided into.... 被分成...
divide...in half /into two halves 把……分成两部分
divide...by... 用……除以……
[即学即练4]
(1) T
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