八年级上册英语短语句型辨析语法讲解及练习.doc

八年级上册英语,短语,句型辨析,语法讲解及练习
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

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短语：
go on vacation
stay at home
go to the mountains
go to the beach
visit museums
go to summer camp
quite a few
study for
go out
most of the time
taste good
have a good time
of course
feel like
go shopping
in the past
walk around
too many
because of
one bowl of
find out
go on
take photos
something important
up and down
come up

语法：
Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.
Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.
Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.
How was the food? Everything tasted really good.
Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.
惯用法：
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
12. look + adj 看起来
13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？
15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

词语辨析：
1. anywhere 及 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.
decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可及begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin .
1) 创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.
2) 机器开动： I can’t start my car.
3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，及物体垂直且不接触，及 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.
超过： I hear the news over the radio.
遍及： I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

Unit 1 Exercise
一. 补全对话：
Anna: Hi, Jane. Where you go on vacation last week?
Jane: I ______ to Penang in _______.
Anna: Who _____you go with?
Jane: I went with my ______.
Anna: What did you do?
Jane: The weather was hot and _______ on Monday, so we went _________on the beach. Then in the afternoon, we________ bicycles to Georgetown.
Anna: Sounds good!
Jane: Well, but the nest day was not good. My________ and I went to Penang Hill, but the weather___________ really bad and rainy. We _________ a long time for the train and we were _________ and cold because we forgot to bring an ___________.
Anna: Oh, no!
Jane: And that’s not all! We also didn’t bring_________ money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.
二. 汉译英
1. 当学生们在说话时，王老师进来了。（as ）

2. Tom踢足球不错，但是我踢得也一样好。(as )

3. 我对他不够熟悉。(enough)

4. 他感觉像在游泳一样。(feel like )

5. 你想和我在公园散步吗？(feel like )

6. 为什么不试着骑车去上学呢？（try）

7. 我不能决定我该去哪儿. (decide)

8. 为什么不把你儿子带来参加聚会？（bring）

9. 我差点忘了我的钥匙。(forget)

10. 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。 （dislike）

11. 他是一个留着短发的高个子小孩。 （with）

12. 他跑得非常快，没有人能追上他。（so……that……）

13. 她每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。(so…that…)

14. 我告诉他不要在墙上画画。（tell…not to do…）

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
短语：

help with housework
go shopping
on weekends
how often
hardly ever
once a week
twice a month
go to the movies
every day
use the Internet
be free
have dance and piano lessons
swing dance
play tennis
stay up late
at least
go to bed early
play sports
be good for
go camping
in one’s free time
not….at all
the most popular
such as
go to the dentist
more than
old habits the hard
less than

语法要点：
What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.
What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.
What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.
How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.
How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.
Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.
惯用法：
1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How about…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…
6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？
11 start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
词语辨析：
1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.
3. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
5. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.
7. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now.
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：
sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多及一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.
I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit 2 Exercise
补充练习：
一、补全对话
A. What do Tom and Mike _______do on weekends?
B: They sometimes go to the museum.
A: _______ do they go to the shopping center?
B: _______ ever. Maybe about twice a month.
A: _______ do they watch TV?
B: Mike never watch TV, but Tom watches TV _______ day.
A: Oh, I’m just like Tom. I ______ watch TV ,too.
二、汉译英
1. 我经常帮他学英语。（help …with…）

2. 这个故事我读了好几遍了。（ have read….some times ）

3. 我将在这待一段时间。 （some time）

4. 几乎没有剩下的食物。 （ hardly ）

5. 你多久锻炼一次？ （how often ）

6. 我用刀切面包。 (use )

7.吃蔬菜对你有益（be good for）

8.农场上有多少个工人？（How many）

9.玛丽问我关于我生日聚会的一些事情。(ask sb. about sth . )

10.他发现没有人能回答他的问题。(find)

11.我发现他正站在门口（find）

12.男生中的百分之七十喜欢电脑游戏。（percent）

13.没有一个人知道这个问题的答案。（the answers to the questions）

14.尽管下了一天雨了，但是那些男孩们仍在外面玩耍（although）

15.我认为对于动物来说呆在笼子里是没有益的。（is good for）

16.他通过他的朋友得到了这份工作。（through）

17.来和我们一起过周末吧。（spend）

18.我害怕乘飞机旅行。（be afraid to do sth.）

19.有些小孩怕黑。(be afraid of sb./sth,)

20. 我们在这儿住了不到两年（less than six）

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
短语归纳：
1. more outgoing 2. as...as...
3. the singing competition 4. the most important
5. be talented in music 6. the same as
7. care about 8. be different from
9. be like a mirror 10. as long as
11. bring out 12. get better grade
13. reach for 14. touch one’s heart
15. in fact 16. make friends
17. be good at 18. the other
19. be similar to 20. be good with
短语用法：
1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣
2. want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 及…一样…
4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事
6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说，做某事是……的
语法知识：
Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.
Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.
Are you a friendly as your sister? No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.
Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.
Who’s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.
词语辨析：
laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
（及at连用）嘲笑
Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although
Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though.
语法讲解：
形容词及副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est
tall（高的）
great（巨大的）
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节
词只加-r，-st
nice（好的）
large（大的）
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅
音字母，再加-er，-est
big（大的）
hot（热的）
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，
-est
easy（容易的）
busy（忙的）
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est
clever（聪明的）
narrow（窄的）
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级
important（重要的）
easily（容易地）
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
2．不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good（好的）well（健康的）
better
best
bad（坏的）ill（有病的）
worse
worst
old（老的）
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many（多的）
more
most
little（少的）
less
least
far（远的）
farther/further
farthest/furthest

Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater
句型：
1. It has the biggest screens.
2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.
3. How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？
4. Thanks forget telling me.
5. Can I ask you some questions?
短语：
so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 no problem 没什么，别客气
have….in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 be up to 是….的职责
all kinds of ….. 各种各样的…… play a role 发挥作用，有影响
make up 编造（故事、谎言等） for example 例如
take …..seriously 认真对待 not everybody 并不是每个人
close to 离….近 more and more 越来越……
常用法：
Can I ask you some…….
How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样
Thanks fpr doing sth.
What do you think of ……..
much + 形容词或副词比较级 …….得多
watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用
one of +可数名词复数 …..之一……
语法：
What’s the best movie theater to go to ?
Town Cinema. It’s the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there.
Which is the worst clothes store in town?
Dream Clothes. It’s worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.
What do you think of 970 AM?
I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.
对话：
Greg: Hi, I’m Greg. I’m new in town.
Helen: Hi, I’m Helen. Welcome to the neighborhood! How do you like it so far?
Greg: It’s fantastic, but I still don’t really know my way around.
Helen: Well, the best supermarket is on Center Street. You can buy the freshest food there.
Greg: Oh, great. Is there a cinema around here? I have watching movies.
Helen: Yes, Sun Cinema is the newest one. You can sit the most comfortably because they have the biggest seats.
Greg: Thanks for telling me.
Helen: No problem.

练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。
1. We went to the __________(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.
2. Blue Moon is ______________(good), but Miler’s is _____________(good ) in town.
3. The Big Screen is _________________(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is ____________(expensive).
4. Movie City has the _____ (bad) service, but we can sit the________ (comfortably)there.
5. Johnny Dep acted the ___________(good) in that movie. He’s much_________(good) than other actors at finding the __________(interesting) role.
阅读短文回答问题。
Who’s Got Talent?
Everyone is good at something, but some people are talented. I