高考英语高三英语高中英语必考点知识清单超级经典.doc

高考英语高三英语高中英语必考点知识清单超级经典
一、Language Points
1.
share
v. 分享、合用：share sth with sb

n. 一份，股份

spare
a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tire

v. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/
spare one of sandwiches for the boy

spare no efforts：不遗余力
spare no expense：不惜工本

save
v. 节省，救出
2.
He felt lucky to have survived the war.
3.

with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事争论

argue
for/against sth：赞成/反对…

Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事
4.
have/make/let/see/watch/listen to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)

get sb to do sth

have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)
5.
So+同一主语+助动词

So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语

So it is/was with+另一主语
6.
should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done
7.
except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause

besides/in addition

apart from

but for=without
8.
The first time+从句

For the first time：作时间状语

It’s the first time+that-clause(完成时)

the first+名词+to do
9.
most

most of the +n.(pl)/pron.

the majority of (the)

mostly: 主要地（状）
10.
be equal to sth：及…相等

be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事

equal sth：及…相等

equal sb in sth：在…方面及某人匹敌
11.
compare…to/with…

compared to/with…
12.
a great many

several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)

(many) dozens of

a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)

seveal/two dozen of +pron.
13.
much too+adj/adv(原级)

too much+n.(u.)

too many+n.(pl.)
14.
没有被动态

come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句)

happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)

sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划)

break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)

occur(及happen通用)
It occurs to sb that/to do…：某人突然想起…
15.
n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase

to do：表将来

With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行

Done：表过去
16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：
It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.
一、Language points
1. sb./sth.+adj/n
sb./sth.+to do
consider(以为，认为)＋ sb./sth.+as
that-clause
n.
consider(考虑)＋ doing
疑问词+to do sth
“把…当作…”的译法：consider…as
=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/have…as
2. to do
A way+ of doing
(that/in which)+定语从句
A method of doing sth
by this means
You can solve the problem+ with this method
in this way
by means of:通过…方式，以…手段
by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式
by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请
by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）
3. protect…(from) doing sth
prevent/stop…(from) doing sth
keep…from doing
keep…doing
under the potection of…
4. as well
as well as
might/may as well=had better
5. to do
specially+ for-phrase
especially
6. along the river:沿着河流
over the river:在河的正上方
through the forest:穿过森林
by the river:在河边
on the bank:在河岸上
7. follow the instructions
follow one’s advice
as follows
8. be responsible to sb for sth
9. n.
doing/to do sth
sb to do sth
prefer+ sth to sth
doing A to doing B
to do A rather than do sth
that sb (should) do sth
10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another
一个接一个（强调动作的重复）
n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化）
tree after tree/day by day
11. say “hi” to sb.
Please remember me to sb.
向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb.
Send the best wishes to sb.
12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，及主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。
主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sth
eg. This question is difficult to answer.
=It’s difficult to answer the question.
The man is hard to work with.=It’s hard to work with the man.
当不定式用作定语时，及其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。
Eg. He wants water to drink.
She has a room to live in.
I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?
二、语法专题──冠词的考点
1. 考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。
2. 考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。
3. 考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指，an Edison。
4. 考查零冠词的用法。
三、题型归纳──结构型单项填空
结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断。
1. 有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解。
2. 标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。
3. 插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。
4. 倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词＋主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were, had, 和should应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as, though引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not only…but also…连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no sooner…tham…, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。 10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。
5. 强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。
6. 独立主格结构。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.
1. He said he would do what he could____ us.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
2. He spent all the money he had____ that dictionary.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of____ from the country.
A. that B. which C. whom D. them
4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, ____ defeated his rival.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
5. The way you think of_____ our living conditions sounds reasonable.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improvement
6. I feel strongly that whatever you____ matter to me.
A. don’t B. do doesn’t C. don’t do D. doesn’t do
7. Is this school____ you studied in two years ago?
A. that B. when C. it D. the one
8. Please tell me the way thought of____ the garden.
A. take care of B. to take care of
C. taking care of D. how to take care of
9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had____ went wrong again.
A. it repaired B. to be repaired C. repaired D. repairing
10. We will do everything we can____ our city.
A. to save B. save C. saving D. saved
11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once spent much time____ better and better.
A. in getting B. having got C. in is getting D. has got
12. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, ____ an article for the wall newspaper?
A. has write B. has written C. have write D. have written
13. What do you consider____ to her?
A. to happen B. happening C. happened D. happens
14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to____ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to____ at last?
A. coming B. come C. came D. have come
16. How long do you think it is____ she arrived here?
A. when B. that C. before D. since

一、Language points
1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth: 将…归功于…
owing to…: 由于…
＝thanks to/because of/due to…
2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth
speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth
sing high praise for sb/sth
3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth
excuse sb for (doing) sth
forgive sb for (doing) sth
pardon sb for (doing) sth
4. make an impression on sb
have an impression of sth
impress sth on/upon one’s mind
5. serve in the army
on the office
serve the people/the dish
serve sb with sth=serve sth to sb
serve as the chairman
6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿…开玩笑
＝make a joke about
laugh at: 嘲笑
have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑
play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄
in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑
7. to do
It’s time+ for sth
For sb to do sth
That-clause（一般过去时）
8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些
one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指
it: 指上文提到的同一个事物
that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词
9. none: 用来回答how many/how much引导的问句，常及of连用
no one: 只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句
neither: 两者都不，表单数
nothing: 用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句
10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth
表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth.
clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词：
A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing
dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。
suit: 成套的衣服。
11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的
lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的
alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语
living: 活着，健在的，现行的
12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 接受，领受(主观意愿)
接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive
接受某条件、建议：只用accept
13. turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象
The weather has turned much colder.
go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad.
become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果
Please don’t get angry.
come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。
My dream has come true.
14. 含有插入语的疑问句：
What do you think has happened to him?
How do you suppose the film will end?
Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?
15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we, 谓语是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。
She think it is a good idea, doesn’t she?
I think it is a good idea, isn’t it?
I don’t think it is a good idea, is it?
二、语法专题──代词的考点
1. 不定代词：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)复合不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, anything, everything, nothing.
2. it的用法：
(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词this, that。
(2)it作引导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型。
3. 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法。
4. 人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致。
第4讲
一、Language points
1. sth
sth for sth
prepare+ for sth
to do sth
be prepared for
be prepared to do sth
make preparations for
2. They tied for first place in the game.
We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.
The dog is tied to a tree.
3. affect vt. 影响
effect n. 效果，作用
have a good/bad effect on
in effect事实上
cause and effect因果
take effect生效，起作用
come into effect生效，实行
effort n. 努力
without effort毫不费力
make every effort尽一切努力
spare no effort不遗余力
3. weigh vt. 称…的重量
vi. 重达…， 重量为…
put on weight
lose weight
by weight
in meters/pounds/calories
by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton
4. in…参加…比赛
compete+ with/against…及…竞赛/竞争
for…角逐…，为获取…而竞赛
5. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is life, there is hope.
6. do sth
not do sth
do sth than do sth
would rather+ =would do sth rather than do sth
=prefer to do sth rather than do sth
that-clause+ did──表现在或将来
had done──表过去
7. do damage to sth
live one’s dream
in ruins/in pieces
under attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment
8. almost: 差距比nearly小。可及never, no, no one, none,
nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词连用，但不能
及not连用。
nearly: 不可及上述否定词连用，但可及not连用，构成
Not…nearly, 意为“远非…，远不及…”
二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点
1. 形容词和副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应注意这几点：(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为“所以”，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式及形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨。常见的有：close接近──closely仔细地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近──nearly几乎； hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；
wide宽阔──widely广泛地；easy从容地──easily容易地
(4)有些副词及形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm等。
2. 形容词和副词的词序：
(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enough time/time enough; strong enough。
(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，something important。
(3)as, how, so, too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，too large a room; how interesting a film; Mike is as clever a boy as Tom。
(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，such a large room; 但名词前是one, some, many, all, no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。
(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用途＋被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all, both, half, double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much, whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few, last, next, other, another, more, less, most, several, least, plenty of等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词。
(6)倍数的表示法：A is n times bigger than B.
as big as
the size of
John has five times as many books as mine.
3. 形容词和副词的比较等级：
(1)当A>B时，比较级＋than
(2)当A>B，且B包含A时
He is older than any of the other boys(=any other boy) in his class.
当A>B，但B不包含A时
He is richer than any of the people here.
I’m taller than any student of your class.
(3)比较级＋and＋比较级：表示自身的变化
The＋比较级，the＋比较级：表示随之变化。
(4)“否定词＋谓语＋比较级”相当于最高级
I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有：cpmparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly), excellent(ly), extreme(ly), perfect(ly), complete(ly)等。
(6)more+原级+than: 及其说…不如说…。
(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有：any, even, far, much, rather, still, yet, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, 但不可加very, many, more, fairly, quite(但quite better除外)。
4. 形容词和副词的成分区别：
(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, ill, well, 若要作定语，则分别改用frightened, similar, living, lone, shy, sleeping, waking, sick, healthy; 有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。
(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。
He hurried home, full of fear./ All men all created equal.
三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空
在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级。
1. ----Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty?
----Mom, I____ my store room downstairs.
A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
2. ----I think Gorge doesn’t really care for TV plays.
----Right, ____ he still watches the program.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
3. If you can’t come tomorrow, we’ll____ have to hold the meeting next week.
A. yet B. even C. rather D. just
4. I’m going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything____ to your brother there?
A. to take B. to be taken C. taken D. take
5. We are sure everything here____ by the time you come back from abroad in a few years.
A. had changed B. will have changed
C. had been changed D. will have been changed