第二讲---英语新闻标题特点.doc

第二讲 英语新闻标题特点
第二讲 英语新闻标题特点
一、标题的结构
主题（headline）+辅题(sub-headline/subhead)
1. 主题：揭示新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心问题。
2. 辅题：
1）引题：眉题、肩题：突出说明新闻事件的背景、原因、结果、新闻来源等内容。置于主题上方
2）副题：子题、次题：对主题进行补充、解释和印证。置于主题下方

例1：
Draft Law Business groups say move to ban discrimination on basis of race, gender and disability is bureaucratic threat to free enterprise
South Africa National Assembly backs “equality bill”

(Jan.27, 2000 Financial Times)

例2：
Spent fuel shipments
Germany to lift ban on transport of N-waste

(Jan.27, 2000 Financial Times)

例3：
July 13, 2011 China Daily

CNOOC’s new oil spill in Bohai Bay
Control system failure at oilfield blamed for third leak since June

例4：
March 6-7, 2010 China Daily

Pledge to narrow gap welcomed
Addressing social divide takes govt priority

二、标题的类型
1. 陈述式
例: 1) Girls Die in Blaze
2) Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency
2. 设问式
例：1)Oil Price to Rise?
2) Korea Unity in Five Years?
3) Murder on Campus: Can It Be Averted?
3. 引语式
例：1)“We Have to Save Our People”
2) UN Chief: Talks Here “Positive”
三、标题的语言特点
1. 简练（Briefness）
例：1）Starstruck (Time)
2) Battle for Brains (Financial Times)
2. 直白（plainness）
例：1)Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency (South China Morning Post)
2)Girls Die in Blaze
3. 缩略词(abbreviation)
例：1)EU’S Future: The Vision and the Slog
2) University Entry Hard for Would-be Vets
3) Put the Sci Back in Sci-fi
4) Euroland
5) Euromat
4. 省略(omission)（省去虚词，如冠词和动词to be, 介词、连词、助动词和代词、 有时实义词、主句）
例：1）Woman Kills Husband, Self
=(A) Woman Kills (Her) Husband (and) (Her) Self
2) No Survivors in Gulf Air Crash
=(There Are) No Survivors in (the) Gulf Air Crash
3) Have Dollars, Will Sell
=(If You) Have Dollars, (They) Will Sell
4）U.S. ATTACKED
Hijacked Jets Destroyed Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon in Day of Terror
=U.S. (WAS) ATTACKED
5) China ‘biggest victim’ of cyber attacks
=China (is) (the) ‘biggest victim’ of cyber attacks
6) Mao: We Should Support Third World Countries
=Mao (Says) (That) We Should Support (the) Third World Countries
5. 名词短语(noun phrase)
例：1)Shotgun Death Riddle Drama
2) Zoo Escape Drama
3)Global Probe of Bomb Suspect
6. 时态与语态 (tense & voice)
1）常用现在时
例：①13 Die as Crowded Van Crosses M4
②Longevity Star Dies at 110
2) 动词不定式表将来时
例：①Peking to Fire Test Rocket to South Pacific
②Japan to help elderly jobless
3)被动语态
--突出强调事件或动作的接受者
比较：①500 Reported Killed in S. Korean Building Collapse
②Collapse Claims 500 Lives in S. Korea
例：①Girl of 18 Raped after Threat with Bread Knife
②Father Jailed for Murder of Daughter
=Father Is Jailed for the Murder of His Daughter
7. 标题常用小词
美国语言学家H.L.门肯指出：“大量使用短词”是标题语言的“突出特点”（distinguishing mark）.
如：①Quake Death Toll May Top 2000
=The Death Toll in the Earthquake May Exceed 2000
②New Groups Boost Hi-Tech Research
=New Groups Promote High Technology Research
③Baker, Japan Visit Off, Arms Issue Hot
=Baker’s Japan Visit is off and the Military Weapons Issue is Hot
More words like:

common words
journalistic words
damage
hit, harm, hurt, ruin, wreck, mar
abandon
drop, give up, quit, skip, yield
explode
blast, crash, ram, smash
investigate
probe
choose
opt
expel
oust
promise
pledge
assistant
aid
purpose
aim
a mass assembly
rally
negotiation
talk
agreement/transaction
deal
ambassador
envoy
mystery
riddle
unemployed
jobless
如：
Headline word
Common headline meaning
example
air
to make known, broadcast
TV Airs “Facts” on Arms Delivery
back
to support
Unions Back Peace Move
ban
prohibition
Bus Ban on Pupils after Attack on Crew
boost
help, incentive
Industry Gets Boost
curb
restraint, limit
New Curbs on Immigration
end
finish
Europe Holds Talks to End Tension in Yugoslavia
hit
strike; attack
Terrorists Destroy World Trade Center, Hit Pentagon in Raid With Hijacked Jets
claim
cause the death to
Terror bombing claims at least 189 in Bali
ease
relieve; reduce
US strives to ease stagflation

四、标题的修辞特点
“Journalism is literature in a hurry.”—英国著名诗人马修·阿诺德
1. 仿拟(parody)
例：1)Emergency response: A tale of two disasters
2) Candidate in the wind
How a wavering Hillary Rodham Clinton finally decided to declare
3)To Save or Not to Save
2. 头韵(alliteration)
例：1）Soldiers Salary Soars
2）South Africa: Groping for Growth
3. 尾韵 (end rhyme)
例： 1)Hope of the Weak and the Meek
2) Can Defense Pain Be Turned to Gain?
4. 谐音
例：Thatcher’s Style Wars(=star wars的谐音，为讽刺性俏皮话)
5. 双关(pun)
例：1)No Bill, No Bell.
2)Royal Ballet Keeps Fans on Their Toes
6. 比喻(metaphor)
例：1)Senior, a gold mine of wisdom
2) A House in Two Parts
Notes: Hugh MacLennan’s novel Two Solitudes written in 1945. Two Solitudes examines the tensions felt between French and English speaking Canadians after WWI. The novel’s plot evolves around the life and times of the fictional character Paul Tallard and this character's struggles in reconciling the differences between his English and French Canadian identities.
7. 借代(metonymy)
例：1）Israel Tests Washington’s Tolerance
2）White House
3) Whitehall
4）Elysee
5）Evan
6）John Bull
8. 委婉语(euphemism)
例：Bringing Light to the Needy
hairdresser: beautician
gardener: landscaper
9. 矛盾修辞法(oxymoron)
例：Asian-American Success Real But Bitter-sweet
10. 对偶(antithesis)
例：New Blood, Ancient Wounds.
11. 拟人(personification)
例：1)Courage Knows No Gender
2)Silent Walk Speaks of Hope for Peace
五、标题的文化知识
例：1）He’s Smart
He’s Not Nice
He’s Saving
Big Blue
Lou Gerstner isn’t easy to love, but you have to respect him. He’s done the job no one wanted better than anyone expected. But will he finish it and restore growth and glory at IBM?

1997年4月14日出版的美国《财富》杂志上刊登了卢·格斯特纳的巨幅照片，旁边有这样一个标题：The Holy Terror Who’s Saving IBM (正在拯救IBM的家伙)副标题为Lou Gerstner: Will he finish the job? (卢·格斯特纳能完成使命吗？)

2)Doing Business The Dot-Com Way
《财富》杂志2000年3月的封面文章是一篇介绍网络公司职业道德的文章，封面上用了这句话。
六、标题的重要性
1、重要性：
--《中国青年报》的调查数据显示：受访者中20.1%的人平时看新闻只看标题不看正文；66.3%的人会在看完标题后快速浏览正文；只有11.2%的人会详细阅读正文。
2、“题好一半文”：好的标题必须与新闻内容的本质一致→新、趣、活→“以奇句夺目，使之一见而惊，不敢弃去”
3、标题制作原则
①最大亮点原则：或是核心观点，或是核心信息，或是其他能吸引人的亮点
②冲突性原则：展现文中的冲突性
③文题互补原则：平淡内容+花哨标题；尖锐内容+平淡标题
④14字原则
4、避免“标题党”（Forum Spammer）

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