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初中英语定语从句讲解
一, 定义(概念)
关键词:定语, 先行词, 定语从句, 关系词
1、 定语:用来修饰, 限定, 说明名词或者代词特征的词
2、 先行词:是定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
3、 定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词,起定语作用的句子
4、 关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等
关系副词包括:when, where
一、 引导词(关系词)
1、 关系代词的用法(that, which, who, whom, whose)
关系代词在句子中可以作主语, 宾语和定语等成分,其中that, which, whom做宾语时可以省略。
My father is a driver that/who is very skillful.(主语)
My father is a skillful driver (whom) I am very proud of.(宾语)
My father is a driver whose skill is great.(定语)
可用作指人的有:who that whom
可用作指物的有:which that
此外,whose表示“……的”,既可指人又可指物,所以whose引导的定语从句存在“双重定语结构”
2、 关系副词的用法(when where)
其中when引导一个表示时间的定语从句,where引到一个表示地点的定语从句
I’d never forget this moment when(at which) I saw a so beautiful photo.
I like the park where(in which) I had many happy memories.
3、 关系代词和关系副词的关系
从本质上来看,关系副词是关系代词的改写,其中它们存在如下关系:
When=during/on/at/in+which
Where=in/on/at+which
从以上可以看出,when和where事实上是“介词+which”构成的
二、 在定语从句引导词中,用that而不用which的状况有:
1、 先行词被only, 最高级和序数词等修饰时
You must choose only one that you like.
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
2、 先行词是不定代词(no/some/every/any及body/thing组合的词,以及all, little, few等)或者被不定代词修饰时
Is there anything that I can do for you
All that can be done must be done.
3, 先行词中既包含人的成分又包含物的成分
I always remember these people and things that
用which而不用that的状况有:
1、 引导词前面存在介词
2、 先行词本身就是that或those
3、 关于定语从句中几个重难点
1、 定语从句和同位语从句的区分(举例)
定义上的区分:同位语从句是指对某个词起说明说明作用,使其更详细的从句,而定语从句是对句子中某一部分起形容, 修饰作用,使其具有肯定的特征的从句
先行词类的区分:同位语从句说明说明的那个名词一般是idea fact news thought belif等具有肯定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词比同位语更广,一般没有限制。
It’s a fact that we fail.
I have a good news that our team defeats the other.
引导词的区分:同位语从句的引导词可以是how whether that ,而定语从句的引导词则是以上所述。
We run into a problem how we finish the work in time.
We are confronted with a choice whether we should go home.
2、 关于其他“介词+which”结构的引导结构
这种结构中,介词的运用主要视察先行词或者句意,比如:
These are the reasons for which we failed.
He has kinds of books of which story books are his favorite.
3、 关于定语从句中末尾“不及物动词+介词”结构中的介词提前到引导词之前的问题
当这个“不及物动词+介词”结构是一个固定短语时,这个介词就不能提到引导词之前:
It’s a good activity which I want to take part in.
This is your mission which you must do with..
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