英语各种词性前后缀及习题.docx

各种词性前后缀
1. 常见前缀

前缀
含义
例词
en-
使可能
enrich丰富 enable 使能够，使有时机 enlarge 扩大
dis-
不，否认
dissatisfy使不满意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意dishonesty不老实 disadvantage 不利条件
un-
不
unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy 不开心的
un+ v.
做相反动作
undress脱衣服 unload 卸货 uncover 揭开
in-
im-
ir-
il-
不，非
inactive 不活泼的 incorrect 不正确的
impolite不礼貌的 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的
irregular 不规那么的 irresponsible不负责任的
illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的
non-
不，非
non-existent不存在的 non-stop 直达的,连续不断的
mis-
错误的，坏的
misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导 misfortune 厄运,不幸
Re-
重复，再
rewrite重写, remarry 再婚
super-
在上面，超级
supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模 superstar 超级明星
under-
在……之下
underestimate低估 underground 地下的
inter-
相互，之间
international国际的 interact 交流,合作,相互作用
semi-
半
semifinal 半决赛 semicircle半圆 semi-conscious 半昏迷半清醒的
multi-
多，多种
multi-national多国的 multi-colored多种颜色的 multi-cultural多文化的
kilo-
千
kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克
tele-
远
telephone television 电视
a-
在……上/里
向…….
aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面
aside向旁边 abroad在国外

2. 名词后缀
后 缀
含 义
例 词
n.+er
相关的人
farmer 农夫 officer 官员
v.+er
从事某种职业、进展某种活动的人
teacher 教师 worker 工人
reader 读者 writer 作家
地点名词+er
住在某处的人
Londoner 伦敦人 villager 村民
-ess
女……
actress 女演员 hostess 女主人
-or
同er-
conductor 售票员 visitor 游客 inventor 创造家 actor 演员 survivor 幸存者 editor 编辑
-ar
同er-
beggar 乞丐
-ese
某国人,某国语
Chinese 中国人,汉语 Japanese 日本人,日语
-ian
从事某职业的人
musician 音乐家 physician医师,内科医生
-ist
从事某职业的人
scientist科学家 dentist牙医 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 communist共产主义者 socialist社会主义者
-ment
行为的结果
argument 争论 judgment判断
-ness
状态, 情况,特征
happiness幸福 illness疾病
-tion
动作,行为
dictation听写 preparation准备
-ship
身份,状态
leadership领导 friendship友谊 citizenship 国籍；公民权
-ance

acceptance承受 appearance 外表；出现
-ence

confidence信息 reference参考
n.+ful
以该名词容量为单位的量
glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口
plateful 一盘 spoonful 一羮匙
-al

refusal拒绝 denial 抵赖 arrival 到达 approval 赞成；批准 burial 埋葬； 葬礼 survival 幸存
-y

difficulty困难 possibility 可能性
-ism

socialism社会主义 materialism唯物主义

3 . 形容词后缀
后 缀
例 词
-al
industrial 工业的 national国家的,民族的
-an
European欧洲的 American美国的,美洲的
-ern
eastern东方的 northern北方的 southern南方的
-able
reasonable合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable 难以忍受的
-ful
careful仔细的,小心的 cheerful兴高采烈的 beautiful 美丽的
-ish
childish孩子般的 selfish自私的 foolish 愚蠢的
-ive
active活泼的,积极的 creative创造性的 destructive 破坏的；消灭性的
-y
thirsty口渴的 dirty脏的 windy有风的
-en
golden金色的,金的 wooden木的,木质的 woolen 羊毛的
-ous
continuous持续的 various各种各样的
-ary
imaginary梦想的 revolutionary革命的
-ic
realistic现实的 historic历史的
-some
troublesome麻烦的 lonesome孤独的, 寂寞的
-like
childlike孩子般的,单纯的 womanlike女人般的
-ly
friendly友好的 lovely得意的
-less
careless 粗心的 harmless无害的 homeless 无家可归的 useless 无用的

4. 动词后缀
后缀
含义
例 词
-en
使……成为,
使……具有
widen加宽 sharpen削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强
shorten 缩短 soften 软化 quicken 加快
adj. +ize
使……变成, 使……化
Americanize 美国化 civilize 使开化
modernize 现代化 nationalize国有化
-y
使……化
beautify 美化 simplify简化

5. 副词后缀
-ly是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义一样的副词。如：
slowly 缓慢地happily快乐地truly 真实地wholly 全部地simply 纯粹地
练习
1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。
(1)Do you know the ______ (deep) of the river
(2)His _____ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident
(3)He is one of the ______ (science) who support this theory.
答案：(1) depth (2) carelessness (3) scientists

2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：
(1)Please pay ________ (attend) to your handwriting.
(2) His _______ (arrive) made the situation worse.
(3)The teacher was angry at my _________ (come) late.
答案：(1) attention (2) arrival (3) coming

3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。如：
(1)The boy ran ______ (quick) to school.
(2)“What’s that〞 Father shouted ______ (angry).
(3)The little girl is ______〔extreme〕eager to know the result of the exam。
(4). He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow〞 ______ (height).
答案：(1) quickly (2) angrily (3) extremely (4) higher

4. 在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词 如果所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。
(1) What’s the ________ (width) river in the world
(2) The _______ (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.
答案：(1) widest (2) stronger

5即时训练
单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary was very ______ at the news, so she looked ______ at her husband, her eyes full of ______ (sad).
2. He ________football very well and he was one of the best ______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)
3. Look! How ________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ______ girl in the world (happy).
4. To our ______, the headmaster was very ______ with our report. (satisfy)
5. Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many ______. (invent)
6. I should ________ my task and make it ________ to finish it. (simple)
7. The boy having the ________ of being half starved ________, never to be seen again. (appear)
8. The police _____ the pot and ______ a plot against the President. (cover)
9. You are so _______ to help me. Thank you for your ________. (kindly)
10. Everything is becoming ____________ than before and many college students had to work to make some mone y for their college _____________. (expend)

语篇填空：用所给词的适当形式填空
A
Rafting is an___1__ (excite) adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience___2___(natural) . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more___3___〔excite〕, you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater rafting is___4___〔adventure〕 and___5___(difficulty) than normal rafting. It is done on rivers and streams where the water moves___6___ (quick). You have to be___7___ (care) not to hit rocks, trees and other___8___ (dangerous). The name “Whitewater〞 comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
B
Steve Jones is an___1___(environment) expert who tries to keep animals and plants from___2___(become) endangered. If we know more about what causes___3___ (danger), we may be able to take measures before it is too late. A species can become ___4___ (endanger) for___5___ (differ) reasons. Animals and plants must have a habitat or home, which is___6___ (comfort) and clean, and where there is enough food and other resources. Otherwise they can not live___7___ (comfortable). They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live___8___ (succeed) in their habitat.

【参考答案】

一、单句填空
1. sad, sadly, sadness 2. played, players 3. happily, happiest
4. satisfaction, satisfied 5. inventor; inventions 6. simplify, simpler/simple
7. appearance, disappeared 8. discovered, uncovered
9. kind, kindness 10. more expensive, expenses

二、语篇填空
A. 1. exciting 2. nature 3. excitement 4. adventurous 5. difficult
6. quickly 7. careful 8. dangers
B. 1. environmental 2. becoming 3. endangerment 4. endangered
5. different 6. comfortable 7. comfortably 8. successfully