高考英语常考语法十五要点概要.doc

高考英语常考语法十五要点
一、 动词时态及语态题(大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态,特别是其中的过 去完成,过去进行时,客观真理要用一般现在时等
1、 The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.
2、 By the time we got there, the play had already begun.
3、 When I was a child, I knew that the earth turns about its axis.
4、 When Mr.Delay got home after a day’ s exhausting work, his wife and children were sleeping.
二、 非谓语动词题 (特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别, 大家一定要弄明 白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别,要求大家多看我的上课笔记
1、 The film showed last night was very moving. (不用 moved ,大家 别忘了 -ed 形容词和 -ing 形容词的区别
2、 Having finishing his lecture, the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.
3、 The problem being discussed is very important.
4、 Given more time, we are sure to finish it.
5、 Will you please make yourself known to everyone here?
三、 It作形式主语及形式宾语题(这也是一个常考点, it 本身是没有意 思的 , 注意 it 还可以指时间,天气等。
1、 It is difficult to study English well.
2、 We think it is important to pass the exam.
四、 强调句型(大家要记住的是 it is (was…… .that … ., 如果前面是 it is/was 后面往往选用 that ,当然强调人的时候也可用 who
1、 It was at an evening party that I first saw her.
2、 It is what you will do that is important.
3、 When was it that he bought a new car?
五、 倒装句型
全部倒装句 (这种全部倒装题历年只考过一次, 考得最多的都是下面的部分 倒装
1、 Stop talking! There comes the teacher.
部分倒装句 (如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了, 两个没有 , 我们一般要在倒 装里做选择
1、 So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.
2、 Not only does he study well, but also he is always ready to help others.
3、 Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam.
六、 从句中选择关系词题(重点在定语从句 , 多看笔记 ,
because/since/now that/as/for; so… that … /such… that…
1、 It was in so friendly a way that he talked with us.
2、 Oct.15, 2005 is a day when we will take our English examination.
3、 We want to buy the same book as you are reading.
4、 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to living things.
七、 虚拟语气(我们要记住与现在,过去,将来相反的三种情况,特别是 与过去相反的情况最常考,再有就是 wish/as if 后面所接的三种情况, 还有一个常考点在 suggest,demand,require,order 等表示建议, 要求, 命 令的词后面加从句时,从句里谓语要用 (should +动词原形,如果是被动 则用 (should +be +动词过去分词
1、 I would have done it better if I had had more time.
2、 I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
3、 I suggest that we (should adopt a different policy.
4、 Had it not been for your help, we would never have been able to get over the difficulties.
八、 情态动词题 (除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外, 常考点在三种表推 测的情况,分别为 must 表对现在事情的肯定推测, can ’ t 表对现在事实 的否定推测, must have +v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测,而则表示过 去应该做某事而没有做
1、 The ground is so wet, it must have rained last night.
2、 She must be a doctor, I think.
3、 I should have called you last week, but I was too busy then. 九、 几组形容词及副词区别题(注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达 ;
likely/possible/probable; worth/worthy; too much/much too; already/yet等
1、 His books are three time as many as my books.
2、 The Nile river is the longest river in the world.
3、 It is much too hot tonight.
4、 The harder he worked, the happier he felt.
十、 主谓一致题(往往出题者都是考谓语动词选单数这种情况,如 each,every,everyone 这样的词作主语以及 Mary, like many other girls likes listening to music这样的题
1、 The moral of the officers and crew was very high.
2、 Each boy and each girl in the city is asked to go to school.
3、 Neither the quality nor the prices have changed.(近位原则 十一、 动词及动词词组区别题(常考的有 raise/rise/arise/arose; spend/cost/take/pay/afford; wound/injure/hurt/damage;
find/findout/discover/invent; hit/strike/ring/beat;
tell/say/speak/talk; join/join in/take part in等以及我所讲过的动 词短语
1、 Can you tell the difference between these two words?
2、 He joined the army three years ago.
十二、 主句用将来时,从句则用一般现在时(或现在完成时表将来题
1、 They will leave the classroom when they have finished writing.
2、 We will start to work as soon as our teacher comes.
十三、 名词所有格以及名词后面有限定时则该名词前一定要加定冠词 the 题 (名词的格有以下两种情况, Tom ’ book, 以及 the books of our school , 特别是用 of 表示的所有格我们一定要习惯这种表达
1、 Beijing is the capital of China.
2、 He can’ t have the expience of all of the world.
十四、 常用介词区别题 (如 on, in, except /besides, within, without, through 等
1、 You should write in ink not with your pencil.
2、 He pulled her into the train by the arm.
3、 by bus/train/air… . On foot, on the farm, in the
morning/afternoon/evening, at night/noon
十五、 常考代词题(常考的有 other/others, another/the other; sometimes/some time/sometime; that/which; that/what,
either/neither/or; too/also/either; many/much/a great deal of/a great number of/a great amount of; a few/few/little/a little; as long as/as far as; so long as/so far as
1、 That you don’ t like him is none of my business.
2、 The weather in the north is much colder than that in the south in January.
3、 He must be a worker. I think so.
二:英语四级作文经典句型总结
一至七条为图表句型 .
一. 上升增长
1.…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14% in 1994.
2. to jump to / to soar to…… 一跃达到 / 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3.…an increase of about…percent as compared with…… 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4.…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二. 下降,减少
1.…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2.…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意:
修饰上升 /减少的副词有:
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升 /减少的最后状态的词有: the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三. 起伏
1.…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967. 2.There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面 . 四. 稳定
1.…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定,几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2.…to level off (vi.
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意:
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有:
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏,稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型:
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五. 成正比,反比
1.…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比 /反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六. 占百分之几,几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%. 2.…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的 1/2,1/3,1/4 eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3.…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七. 倍数
1.A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan. 2. A doubles/is half/triples B A是 B 的两倍,一半,三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圆盘比例型图表 例:一个圆盘显示了大学生在 food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销,它们各自占的比例依次是 60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%,要求你描叙这个圆盘图。
描述 :
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%.
5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式:
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .
八.原因结果
1….(结果…, owing to (原因 [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果…, attributable to(原因 [attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果 lie in the fact that(原因 [ 同位语从句 ]
4….(结果result from(原因 [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because (原因…that (导致结果… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …(导致结果… [as a result做插入语]
7. (原因be responsible for(结果 [常见句型]
8. (原因,which in turn(结果
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九.采取措施,提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去,那么……。
到那个时候,……。[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态, more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/Mo re measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态,due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我们怎么怎么做,那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句,反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望/advisable(明智 for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型高级的多,精彩的多,生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构,比sth. be much important 好]
十.方式,比较
1. (Just as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.
十一. 让步
1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.
2. unless…not… [ 让步从句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑]
十二. 强调句
1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不过;只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词
十三. 假设
1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态]
eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.
十四. 反问
1. What else can …? …………还能做什么呢?
eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢?
2. How could ……? 怎能….
eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?
十五. 比较
1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y
eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.
2. ……more…, less…
eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.
十六. 否定
1. 双重否定
not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的
not unusual = usual 平常的,通常的
not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的
(尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点
2. by no means 并没有;当然不
3. no longer/more 不再
eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.
十七. 程度
1. all the more 更加
eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn't it?
eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that…
2. more than 做副词, 意为 "多过…", "比…以上", "比…更"
eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.
3. more than you can… 远超过你…
eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受.
十八. 论相互关系
1. A have much(nothing to do with B
2. A be closely related to B
3.A be directly bound up with B
4. a definite link between …and…
十九.直陈观点
1. more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
2. beyond description 无法描述
eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.
3. There is no point(use in doing… …是没有任何意义的.
4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 当(我们一方面…., 而另一方面…
eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不
eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对, no one is even mildly surprised.
8. be bound to
eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.
9. (or vice-versa 反之亦然
10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg. "success" is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.
11…. (现象…, upon which view s vary from person to person.
12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.
13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴
14. from the …point of view 从…角度来看
eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看
15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必须根除以…
eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.
16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角
eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.
17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力 (2001 年****的七.一讲话. 18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台 上充分发挥个人才智(2001 年****的七.一讲话. (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到 的,比如改革开放:reform (and opening-up 等 19….demonstrate the value of one's life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值, 努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上 20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已有 不同的人发表了不同的观点发表自己的观点 21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为…. 22 It is no denying the fact that…. 无可否认… 23……… , so…that… eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it. eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die. 二十. 二十. 辨证分析 1. Just as the popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides". From one side,…. from the other side,…. 正如一个谚语所说的, "每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二 的".从一方面看……… 从另一方面来看……… 二十一. 比喻, 二十一. 比喻,拟人 1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance. 2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power. 二十二. 二十二.副词
1. admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. 2. simply 简而言之: The answer is simply money. 3. discreetly 小心谨慎地: point out discreetly that… 4. conceivably 可以想象地: Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful. 5. surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. 6. eagerly 渴望地 7. increasingly 不断增长地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. 8. honestly: 诚实地: the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of it