江苏2019高考英语阅读理解试题练习04及解析或解析(12月).doc

江苏2019高考英语阅读理解试题练习04及解析或解析(12月)

山东省济宁实验中学2018届高三月考
A
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy; the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(仿效)。 It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in lfe since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings. These people should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they don’t, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
56. People who are unhappy ______.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things
C. usually misunderstand what others think or say
D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
57. The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society” in the second paragraph means ______.
A. have a good taste with social life B. make others unhappy
C. tend to scold others openly D. enjoy the pleasure of life
58. We can conclude from the passage that_______.
A. we should pity all such unhappy people.
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life.
C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness.
D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons.
59. If such unhappy person insists on keeping the habit, the author suggests people should______.
A. prevent any communication with them.
B. show no respect and politeness to them
C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
60. According to the passage, the writer prefers to communicate with_____.
A. people who are happy B. people who are unhappy C. A and B D. None of them

56—60. DBCAA
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山东省济宁实验中学2018届高三月考----B
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence –other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer(层) of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining(开采) totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested(投资) the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that is would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
61. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To seek help for Nauru’s problem. B. To give a warning to other countries.
C. To show the importance of money. D. To tell a heart-breaking story of a war.
62. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A. Rich and powerful. B. Modern and open.
C. Peaceful and attractive. D. Greedy and aggressive.
63. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from ________.
A. soil pollution B. phosphate over mining C. farming activity D. whale hunting
64. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem？
A. Its leaders misused the money. B. It spent too much repairing the island.
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money. D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
65. What can we learn about Bauru from the last paragraph?
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D. The phosphate mines were destroyed.

61—65. BCBAA
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山东省济宁实验中学2018届高三月考---C
Recently a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4 Real. Even though New Zealand has quite generous rules about naming children, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead.
In many countries around the world, unusual names for children are becoming more popular, especially since the increasing trend for celebrities (名人) to give their children wacky names. In Britain, you can call a child almost anything you like--the only restrictions (限制) on parents relates to offensive words such as swear (立誓，起誓) words.
Some parents choose names which come from popular culture. For example, there have been six boys named Gandalf after the character in the Lord of the Rings novels and films. Equally, names related to sport are fairly common--since 1984, 36 children have been called Arsenal after the football team.
Other parents like to make up manes, or combine names to make their own unique version, a method demonstrated by Jordan, the British model, who recently invented the name Tiaamii for her daughter by combining the names Thea and Amy (the two grandmothers). She was quoted as saying that the accent and double letters were added to make the name “more exotic”.
Other countries have much stricter rulers when it comes to naming children. Countries including Japan, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Argentina have an approved list of names from which parents must choose. In China, there are some rules about what you may call a child --- no foreign letters or symbols are allowed. As a result a couple were recently banned from calling their baby @.
In Britain, some names which were previously thought of as old-fashioned have become more popular again, such as Maisie or Ella for a girl, or Alfie or Noah for a baby. But the most popular names are not the odd ones. The top names are fairly traditional -- Jack, Charlie and Thomas for boys and Grace, Ruby and Jessica for girls.
66. According to the first paragraph, in New Zealand_____.
A. there are many rules about naming children.
B. no people are willing to use 4 Real as names.
C. people have much freedom to name their children.
D. traditional names are losing their popularity.
67. The underlined part “wacky names” in Paragraph 2 refers to names that are______.
A. strange B. admirable C. traditional D. popular
68. Which of the following names is best accepted according to the passage?
A. Arsenal B. Charlie C. Tiaamii D. Noah
69. The two couples in China and in New Zealand have something in common that_____.
A. their preference is foreign names
B. there attempt goes against rules
C. they hope their child grows healthily
D. they show no interest in tradition
70. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. parents have no right to name their children in Spain.
B. Tiaamii will soon be a popular name among the British.
C. No parents speak bad language to their child in Britain.
D. Popular culture has an influence in naming children.

66—70CABBD
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山东省济宁实验中学2018届高三月考----D
Dear Cary,
I’m writing because I’ve understood you’ve struggled with alcoholism (酗酒). I’ve been fighting mine ever since I went through 9. 11. After that, I’ve been more or less useless professionally -- I’m a lawyer -- and have had to resign from my job because I was discovered passed-out drunk in front of my computer. I’ve taken some medicine and it has helped somewhat. I can manage about a month without drinking, but after that I end up having a crazy stage where nothing matters except drinking. After a week or so of heavy drinking, I start having nightmares (恶魔)of people jumping. After that, it’s a week of not being able to get out of bed.
I was supposed to travel to a conference but didn’t make it because I got so drunk at the airport that I fell down on my face and spent the rest of the day in the emergency room. I have been hiding from my family since then. Fortunately they won’t be expecting me to come back for a week or so. Otherwise, they would notice the bump on my forehead and two black eyes.
I don’t really know what I’m asking you. Cary, I need a way out that doesn’t involve causing pain to my family. I’m taking medicine, but I still have these attacks every few months. If there’s alcohol in the house, I can’t stay away from it. It seems that this will never end. I’m afraid of what will happen if something bad happens, like a family member dying, or getting fired again.
Thanks for reading.
Yours,
T
71. The underlined sentence shows us all the following EXCEPT______.
A. that the author is a lawyer by profession
B. that the author is a lawyer and he seldom gets drunk
C. the reason why the author had to resign
D. that the author was once discovered drunk as a fish
72. The author writes to Cary in order to______.
A. offer advice B. tell a story C. avoid nightmares D. ask for help
73. What is the author worried about?
A. Losing his job B. Missing the conference
C. Bring pain to his family D. Giving up drinking
74. What do we learn from the passage?
A. T’s family members don’t want to see him because of his alcoholism.
B. Getting drunk once prevented T from attending a conference.
C. T will have nightmares when he stops alcoholism.
D. T never attempted to give up his alcoholism.
75. We know from the passage that Gary_____.
A. likes to talk about the details of his life
B. is an except on treating alcoholism
C. is probably a recovered alcoholic
D. never suffered from alcoholism

71—75. BDCBC
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【推断词义篇】
词数：275 体裁：科技说明文 难度：4
Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in a bid
to cut the emission of greenhouse gases blamed for global warming.
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo farts contain no methane（甲烷）and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who emit large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack pushing out carbon dioxide, livestock passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries.
"Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric methane from cattle and sheep," said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.
"And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they're actually up around 50 percent," he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also makes the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
The idea is controversial（争议）, but about 20 percent of health conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
"It's low in fat, it's got high protein levels and it's very clean in the sense that basically it's the ultimate free range animal（散养动物）," said Peter Ampt of the University of New South Wales's institute of environmental studies.
56. According to the passage, global warming is now mainly caused by _____ .
A. methane B. carbon dioxide C. livestock passing wind D. not mention in this passage
56. D 考查细节理解。A、B、C均是导致全球变暖的原因，但文中并没有提到哪一个是主要原因，因此答案为D文中没有提到。
57. What does the underlined phrase “the idea”（paragraph 9）refer to?
A. Australians should give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep.
B. The bacteria could make the digestive process much more efficient.
C. Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
D. The bacteria could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
57. C 考查猜测词义。从上文“另一组科学家建议澳大利亚人应少养牛羊，多吃袋鼠肉”及下文“尽管这一观点有争议，但目前约有20%健康意识较强的澳大利亚人已经吃上了被视为“国家象征”的袋鼠”可知这一观点指的是上文“澳大利亚人应少养牛羊，多吃袋鼠肉”。
58. How will Australian scientists solve the problem of global warming?
A. Eating more kangaroos.
B. Killing more cattle and sheep.
C. Letting cattle and sheep pass less wind.
D. Transferring the special bacteria in kangaroos’ stomachs to cattle and sheep.
58. A 考查推理判断。从文章第一﹑二自然段“为了减少导致全球变暖的温室气体的排放，澳大利亚科学家目前正在想办法将牛羊胃变成