人教版英语八年级下册Unit2教育机构讲义.doc

人教版英语八年级下册
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
知识点总结及单元测试卷（附答案）

【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9)
(1) ① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
Can you help me with my homework?
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
He often helps his mother clean do housework.
(2) clean up意为“打扫干净”
Nancy, please clean up your room.
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9)
cheer up意为“使开心”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。
Cheer up! Everything will be OK.
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)
give out意为“分发、散发”，相当于hand out。
Here are some toys. Please give them out to the children.
4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)
volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”。
Tom volunteered to help us.
5. Let’s make some notices, too. (P. 10)
also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also
放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
He also wants to go.
too
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
He wants to go, either.
as well
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。
He wants to go as well.
either
用于否定句句末。
He doesn’t want to go either
6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)
come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。
Maybe she can come up with a good idea.
7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10)
help out意为“帮忙分担、帮……一把”。
Bill helped me out when I was in trouble.
8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10)
辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.
used to do sth.
过去经常做某事
The boy used to play computer games.
be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
More and more wood is used to make paper.
9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)
lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。
He feels lonely at home himself.
It is a lonely mountain.
His grandfather was alone.
Mr Smith lives alone.
10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)
care for意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after或者take care of。
She cares for her little brother after school.
11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. (P. 11)
such用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。
It’s such a nice day.
I hope to have such delicious food every day.
12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11)
at the age of表示“在……岁时”，表示年龄。
He started school at the age of six.
13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)
try out for意为“参加……选拔、争取成为……”。
Many boys tried out for the football team.
14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12)
at the same time意为“同时”。
You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time.
15. Our class is trying to...(P. 12)
① try to do sth. “尽力做某事”
The doctor tries to save the sick girl.
② try doing sth. “尝试做某事”
The boy tried playing the piano.
Section B
1. I take after my mother. (P. 13)
take after意为“长得像”。
Mary takes after her father.
2. I fixed it up. (P. 13)
fix up意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。
My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me?
3. I gave it away. (P. 13)
give away意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。
My sister gave away her toys to the poor children.
Don’t give away the secret.
4. I’m similar to her. (P. 13)
be similar to意为“与……相似”，be similar in“在……方面类似”。
Her ideas are similar to mine.
The twins are similar in appearances.
5. I didn’t keep it. (P. 13)
① keep sth. 保留某物
You can keep the book until the next weekend.
② keep doing sth. 一直做某事
The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison.
③ keep+adj. 保持……
The girl eats a little to keep slim.
④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物……
We should keep the window open while we are asleep.
My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge.
⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事
The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.
6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)
write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信”
He is writing (a letter) to his parents.
7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14)
有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。
I find it interesting to play computer games
We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.
8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)
make a difference to意为“对……有影响、对……起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
Changing schools made a difference to my life.
The rain made no difference to the game.
9. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)
imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。
He often imagines having a big house.
You can’t imagine how fast the player ran.
10. I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14)
bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。
The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school.
11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14)
train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。
They train the dogs to keep the door.
12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14)
be able to意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。
In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.
【拓展】辨析：be able to与can
be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。
She can sing the song in English.
He will be able to sing this song in English, too.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经……；过去……
5. care for 关心；照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在……岁时
8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
10. give out 分发；散发
11. come up with 想出；提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 试用；试行
15. work for 为……工作；为……效力
16. put up 建造；举起；张贴
17. hand out 分发；散发；发给
18. call up 打电话；召集
19. put off 推迟；延迟
20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱；募捐
22. take after 与……相像；像
23. give away 赠送；捐赠
24. fix up 修理；修补；解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立；设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响；有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
重点句型
1. 制订计划做某事make plans to do sth.
2. 要求某人(不要)做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth.
3. 过去常常做某事 used to do sth.
4. 决定做某事 decide to do sth.
5. 有……感觉 get a feeling of…
6. 对……产生影响make a difference to
7. 自愿花时间某事 volunteer one’s time to do sth.
8. 放弃时间去做某事 give up +时间+ to do sth.
9 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 make it possible for sb. to do sth.
【语法讲解】
动词不定式
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare„常接动词不定式作宾语。
C. 作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
【单元测试卷】
单项选择(每小题1分， 共15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
(  )21. Changing schools made a big difference ______ his life.
A. on             B. at               C. to                     D. for
(  )22. Mary’s uncle made ______ possible for her to travel around the world.
A. it       B. that            C. this            D. one
(  )23. The girl is ______, so she needs a guide dog to help her.
A. sick           B. blind          C. tired           D. sad
(  )24. My friend Tom volunteered ______ in the countryside two years ago.
A. to work          B. work                C. working        D. works
(  )25. —Excuse me, I ______ find my hotel.
—You could ask the policeman.
A. can’t         B. mustn’t             C. needn’t            D. shouldn’t
(  )26. She used to ______ a bike to school, but now she is used to ______ to school.
A. ride; walk          B. riding; walking          C. riding; walk       D. ride; walking
(  )27. He is very ______, so he can carry the heavy box.
A. clever        B. strong               C. quiet          D. excited
(  )28. —Who is the ______ of the house?
—Mr. Black. He bought it last year.
A. passenger          B. guest        C. visitor               D. owner
(  )29. ______ vacations by the sea is Dale’s dream.
A. Spend        B. Spending           C. Spends            D. Spent
(  )30. They often help ______ sick children in the children’s hospital.
A. cheer up            B. clean up                   C. set up        D. make up
(  )31. My cousin has difficulty ______ English newspapers.
A. read                  B. reads                 C. reading              D. to read
(  )32. My computer doesn’t work. Could you help ______ it?
A. repair                B. buy            C. raise          D. open
(  )33. How nice these pictures are! Please _______ on the wall.
A. put it up            B. put up it            C. put up them                     D. put them up
(  )34. I can help my mother do some things like ______ the rooms.
A. cleans        B. cleaning             C. clean            D. to clean
(  )35. —We shouldn’t read in the sun.
—______. It’s bad for our eyes.
A. Sorry to hear that             B. That sounds great
C. You’re right                     D. I don’t think so
Ⅵ. 完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)
先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
易读度★★☆☆☆
A few months ago, I learned that the city food bank needed some volunteers. I used to be the   36   in my group of friends. So, I sent letters to 10 friends. I’d like to   37   a group that would volunteer to make and serve dinner for the disabled people. I wanted to   38   my friends to be part of the group. Almost all of my friends   39  . 
One day, several of my friends brought some food and helped prepare the   40  . “I got such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I saw the   41   people get the food!” said one friend. Later, another friend made a list (清单) about serving,   42   we could do quickly and easily. Now each month there are new faces that join the group. One woman   43   invited another group of her friends to serve. 
It’s hard to imagine that simple   44   asking friends to help have made a great difference. At first, I just wanted to be an organizer. Now, I   45   my idea. I also love to work as a volunteer, because I can get more joy from the happy faces of the disabled people.
(  )36. A. volunteer       B. organizer    C. singer                D. nurse
(  )37. A. set up           B. cheer up C. give up              D. clean up
(  )38. A. take           B. move  C. invite               D. teach
(  )39. A. refused         B. agreed C. stayed               D. left
(  )40. A. training         B. journey C. party              D. meal
(  )41. A. disabled        B. strong C. clever               D. kind
(  )42. A. but            B. so C. because           D. or
(  )43. A. still               B. hardly C. only                  D. even
(  )44. A. words           B. visits C. letters              D. e-mails
(  )45. A. keep             B. get C. change         D. open
Ⅶ. 阅读理解  (每小题2分，共20分)
A
Ann wanted to play in the city orchestra (管弦乐队), but she was nervous (紧张的). She thought it might be too difficult. The first day she was so nervous, and she could hardly breathe. After a few rehearsals (排练), she could comfortably play along with everyone else. She found that there was no reason to be nervous and began to enjoy herself.
In rehearsals, Ann became friends with Danny. Danny sat next to her and always helped her. Ann often asked him questions about music. Danny’s parents were musicians. They started teaching Danny music when he was only five years old. Ann couldn’t imagine playing the violin at that age.
Ann’s another friend in the orchestra was Marie. After rehearsal, Marie would tell Ann funny stories. Though Marie was much older than Ann, the two became good friends.
The orchestra was rehearsing music for a concert. Ann invited some of her friends at school to come. Though they didn’t understand music, they promised to come. They all liked Ann and wanted to cheer her. Ann’s family also planned to go to the concert. Ann looked forward to the event, and she hoped it would not rain on the night of the concert.
On the night of the concert, Ann was excited. Danny and Marie both told her that the concert would be fun. Ann knew that she would enjoy it. The conductor (指挥) Mike was nervous. Ann was surprised because she knew that he conducted many big concerts all over the world. After the concert was over, the conductor seemed happy. He said the orchestra gave a fine performance.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(  )46. From the first paragraph we can learn that Ann _____.
A. didn’t want to learn music
B. was excited to try new things
C. thought there was no reason to be nervous
D. wasn’t interested in playing in the orchestra
(  )47. Ann made _____ friends in the orchestra.
A. 2               B. 3               C. 4               D. 5
(  )48. Some of Ann’s friends promised to come to the concert because _____.
A. they enjoyed the music                  
B. they wanted to cheer her
C. they wanted to learn to play
D. they wanted to make new friends
(  )49. How did Ann feel on the night of the concert?
A. Excited.                   B. Tired.                C. Nervous.           D. Sad.
(  )50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Ann’s parents were musicians. 
B. Marie was two years older than Ann.
C. Danny started playing the piano at age 5.
D. Mike had much experience in conducting concerts.
B
Here are some ideas for you on how to help others through volunteering.
(51) _____
When people get older, it becomes harder to do many things, from walking to the store to doing the housework. Old people living alone can also feel lonely. As a volunteer, you can do a lot to help the old in your neighborhood. You could visit them and help them with their housework.
(52) _____
Many people with disabilities need help. You could volunteer to read books to the blind or deliver (递送) something for people who can’t get around too well.
(53) _____
There are lots of volunteer jobs to do in hospitals and health care centers. As a volunteer, you can make beds, deliver flowers and gifts, help serve m