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牛津译林版7BUnit6语法-一般过去时.doc

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一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即在动词原形后加ed。 ■表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。如: He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? ■在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如: We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。如: He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 ■表示主语过去的特征或性格。如: At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 ■用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如: He said he would wait until they came back. ■一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。如: I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如: I didn’t know you were here. 没想到你在这里。 1. 表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。如: He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。 2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……”。如: —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. —It’s 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。 1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。 2.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句: ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:    am,is-was       are-were,        do-did,        see-sw,           say-said     give-gave,   get- got,        go-went              come-came,        have-had, eat-ate,    take-took,       run-ran,         sing-sang,    put-put, make-made       read-read,        write-wrote,    draw-drew,        drink-drank, fly-flew,       ride-rode,    speak-spoke,       sweep-swept,       buy-bought swim-swam,      sit-sat      bring--brought         can-could      cut-cut become-became   begin-began      draw-drew      feel-felt     find-found forget-forgot    hear-heard       keep-kept    know-knew learn-learnt (learned)          leave-left       let-let     lose-lost meet-met        read-read        sleep-slept    speak-spoke       take-took teach-taught    tell-told        write-wrote       wake-woke         think-though 一、巧记一般过去时: 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were, have,has变had; 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添; 疑问句也不难,did放在主语前; 不含be动词时 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原; 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时 疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。 二、 be的一般过去时:学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧: 一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢; 二是形式巧,单数was,复数were; 三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was/were; 四是疑问句式巧,was/were向前跑(提前)。 【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等; 2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, week)等; 3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等; 4. 其它:just now等 5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。 【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。 例如: I was in the classroom yesterday morning. 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday. 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago. 刚才他们在那边。 【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定 句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即: 主语 + wasn't/ weren't + 表语 + 其他。例如: I was not (=wasn't) here yesterday. 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not (=weren't) at home last Sunday. 上周日我父母不在家。 【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即: Was(Were) + 主语 +表语 + 其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句 式相似。例如: Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗? Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗? 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+was/were.”; 否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。 例如:—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗? —Yes, they were. (No, they weren't.) 是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。) 过去时练习:写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________  fly_______  plant________  are ________  drink_________ play_______    go________  make ________ does_________  dance________ worry________  ask _____   taste_________  eat__________ draw________ put ______    throw________ kick_________  pass_______   do ________ 用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________. 3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening? He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night. 8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________. 9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad. 10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________
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