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经济学专业英语术语 the nature of the firm Price mechanism 价格机制 Transaction costs 交易成本 Entrepreneur 企业家 Exchange transaction 交换交易 Sales tax 销售税 monopoly gain 垄断收益 factors of production 生产要素 diminishing returns of management 管理收益递减 market transaction 市场交易 marketing cost 营销成本 spatial distribution 空间分布 combination 合并(when transactions which were previous organized by two or more entrepreneurs become organized by one) integration 一体化 (when it involves the organization of transactions which were previously carried out between the entrepreneurs on a market)(p.45) (a firm can expand in either or both of these two ways.) specialized exchange economy 专业化交换经济 the division of labour 劳动分工 specialization 专业化 uncertainty 不确定性 collusion 勾结 forecasting 预测，预期 relative price 相对价格 economic system 经济体制，经济制度 perfect competition 完全竞争 imperfect competition 不完全竞争 marginal cost 边际成本 dynamic factors 动态因素 a theory of moving equilibrium 移动均衡理论，动态均衡理论 marginal product of entrepreneur 企业家的边际产品 The Role of Monetary Policy monetary policy 货币政策 The Great Contraction 大收缩 liquidity preference 流动偏好 depression 萧条 fiscal policy 财政政策 rigidity of wages 工资刚性 deflation policy 通货紧缩政策 monetary authority 货币当局 Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统 aggregate demand 总需求 fine tuning 微调 prompt adjustment 即刻调整 government bonds 政府债券 pioneering capital 创业资本 full employment 充分就业 money market 货币市场 speculation 投机 interest rate 利息率 unemployment 失业 financial community 金融集团 the quantity of money 货币数量 liquidity preferences schedule 流动性偏好图 demand for loans 贷款需求 cyclical adjustment process 周期性调节过程 price expectation effect 价格预期效应 nominal interest rate 名义利率 real interest rate 实际利率 natural interest rate 自然利率 Fisher effect 费雪效应 capital formation 资本形成 natural rate of unemployment 自然失业率 Walrasian system of general equilibrium equations 瓦尔拉一般均衡公式体系 anticipations 预期 job vacancies 工作空职 real magnitude 实际量值 monetary expansion 货币扩张 the creation of money 货币创造 Gold standard 金本位制 surplus or deficits 顺差或逆差 tariffs and quotas 关税或限额 stagnation 停滞 federal budget 联邦预算 monetary stability 货币稳定 exchange rate 汇率 floating exchange rates 浮动汇率 monetary total 货币总量 monopoly 垄断 inflationary gap 通胀缺口 aggregate demand 总需求 Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线 money illusion 货币幻觉 disequilibrium 非均衡 voluntary unemployment 自愿失业 stickiness of money wages 货币工资粘性 bargain 议价 decentralized economy 非集中的经济 labor supply functions 劳动供给函数 involuntary unemployment 非自愿失业 Neoclassical equilibrium 新古典均衡 comparative statics 比较静态 scale of exogenous monetary variables 外生货币变量比例 static equilibrium 静态均衡 irrationality 非理性 Phillips doctrine 菲利普斯学说 Natural rate doctrine 自然率学说 transitional effect 转移效应 marginal productivity 边际生产率 full information 完全信息，充分信息 mechanics of adjustment 调节机制 stochastic variables 随机变量 cost of mobility 流动成本 frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业 the mean duration of unemployment 平均失业时间长度 inflation illusion 通胀幻觉 Over-estimation of real wages 实际工资的高估 substitution effect 替代效应 income effect 收入效应 under-estimation of price inflation 价格通胀的低估 capital stocks 资本存量 congestion theory 阻塞理论 external effect 外部效应 deadweight loss 绝对亏损，沉重损失 suboptimal 次优 stochastic macro-equilibrium 随机宏观均衡 heterogeneous markets 异质的市场 monotonic function 单调函数 asymmetry 不对称 relative wages 相对工资 monopoly 垄断 oligopoly 寡占 mark-ups 标高（价格） administered price 规定价格 econometric evidence 经济计量证明 currency 通货 demand deposits 活期存款 financial assets 金融资产 reparations 赔款 hyper-inflation 过度通货膨胀 anti-inflation 反通胀 purchasing power 购买力 pension funds 年金基金 Pigou Effect 庇古效应 human capital 人力资本 social utility 社会效用 government regulations 政府管制，政府规制，政府调节 government intervention 政府干预 government management 政府管理 welfare macroeconomics 福利宏观经济学 other readings Economics 经济学 current income 现期收入 Future income 远期收入 econometrics 经济计量学 positive economics 实证经济学 normative economics 规范经济学 net gains 净利 economic rationality 经济理性 institutionalist school 制度学派 neoclassical school 新古典学派 maximum profit 最大化利润 decision maker 决策人 revenue 岁收 comparative statics 比较静态 partial equilibrium 局部均衡 general equilibrium 一般均衡 heterogeneous 异质 technological progress 技术进步 scarce 稀缺 barter 易货，物物交换 medium of exchange 交换媒介 economic system 经济体制 Probabilistic laws 概率律 substitutes 替代品 Resource allocation 资源配置 competition 竞争 delivery time 交货时间 decision making 决策 distribution 分配 equilibrium price 均衡价格 equilibrium quantity 均衡产量 Factor input 生产要素，投入要素 shortage 短缺 radical economists 激进经济学家 dynamics 动态学 anti-trust law 反托拉斯法 marginal analysis 边际分析 functional relationship 函数关系 merger 兼并 acquisition 并购 horizontal merger 横向兼并 vertical merger 纵向兼并 conglomerate merger 混合兼并 New York Exchange 纽约证券交易所 economic growth 经济增长 Security 证券 population 人口 Intermediary 中介，中介人，中介机构 per capita 人均 Broker 中人，中介人 fluctuation 波动 Homogeneous 同质 4

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